Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S V Rao.
A case report "Malignant Teratoid Medulloepithelioma" is herewith presented for its rarity. Medulloepitheliomas are embryonic tumors occurring infancy and are probably congenital. Occasionally they show glial tissue and cartilage.
The effect of a uremic toxin, guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl), on tissue transaminase patterns of rat was studied. Significant changes were reported in the transaminase activities of selected tissues. These changes may act to counter the effects of guanidine toxicity.
Guanidine-induced alterations in substrate-dependent kinetics of glycine amidinotransferase (GAT) have been investigated in homogenates of rat kidney. Guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) induced a mixed type of inhibition by decreasing the maximal velocity (Vmax) and increasing the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km). The finding of a value of Ki smaller than that of Ki' denoted that the inhibition of GAT may be due to decreased E to S affinity rather than to reduction in the active site density of the enzyme.
In vitro models have been used for many years to assess processes that regulate metabolic activity of adipocytes or that regulate proliferation and differentiation of precursor cells for adipocytes (preadipocytes). The results of these studies have been useful in characterizing the role of various hormones and growth factors in regulating the cellular activities of preadipocytes and adipocytes from domestic animals. Mechanisms that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of the preadipocyte are currently being evaluated with the use of a variety of cell culture systems: matrix suspension, coverslip, micromass, clonal etc. Isolated cell culture of adipose tissue and the tools of molecular biology have allowed direct examination of the effects of potential regulatory hormones of adipogenesis upon gene expression during the development of adipose tissue in domestic animals. Much information has been collected by combining the use of in vivo animal manipulations and in vitro assay techniques to elucidate the mechanisms that affect adipocyte function or formation. The development of in vitro tools to manipulate the development of adipose tissue should result in an increase in our knowledge of the regulation of adipose tissue formation and thus should permit the development of methods to produce leaner and more efficient domestic animals.
The iodine content of fresh and processed marine fish collected from different parts of coastal India was analysed. It was found that Indian marine fish are rich in iodine content (mean of 193 +/- 82 micrograms/100 g on wet weight basis). Also the iodine contents of shell fish and crabs (0.7-2.5 mg/100 g on wet weight basis) were higher than that of other fish. No significant regional differences were noted in the iodine content of marine fish. Further, no differences were observed in case of either salted or sun-dried fish indicating that curing did not influence the iodine content.
The effect of guanidine hydrochloride on creatine metabolism of uremic rat was studied. Significant changes were observed in the creatine profiles of liver, kidney and muscle as a function of guanidine hydrochloride.
The effect of guanidine hydrochloride on oxidative and non-oxidative energy mechanisms was studied in the liver, muscle and kidney of albino rat. Significant changes were observed indicating disturbance in the glycolytic and citric acid cycle oxidations of tissues.
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Surgery for male obstructive infertility is not always successful. A number of clinical and operative findings, not previously reported, may influence the outcome. We have studied 182 patients with azoospermia who underwent vasoepididymostomy. The pre-operative and operative findings which adversely affected the function of the anastomosis were identified. The presence of spermatozoa in the semen sample was taken to mean a successful anastomosis. Abnormal testicular histology was an adverse pre-operative finding. Adverse operative findings included non-canalisation of the epididymal tubules and hypoplasia of the epididymis; both factors were associated with a high failure rate (almost 100%). The anastomosis was a failure in 78% of the patients when no fluid was seen on sectioning the epididymis. In the absence of adverse findings the success rate of vasoepididymostomy was 59%. Pre-operative testicular biopsy, together with careful observation and recording of findings before and during surgery, are recommended to avoid needless exploration and anastomosis.
Consanguineous marriages are strongly favoured among the peoples of South India. Because of the potential genetic risks resulting from inbreeding, a neonatal screening project was established in 1980 in the state of Karnataka for the identification of amino acidaemias. To date, blood samples obtained by toe-stab from 98,256 neonates have been tested by thin layer chromatography, with 46 single and 70 general amino acidaemias detected. The coefficients of inbreeding (F) for the two groups of neonates were 0.0336 and 0.0350, by comparison with a previously determined F value for the general, new-born population of 0.0298. The most common single abnormality detected was tyrosinaemia, with spontaneous resolution in the majority of cases.
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A rare case of idiopathic massive osteolysis involving cranial bone is reported. Radiological and computed tomographic findings are discussed, along with a brief review of the literature.
By a combination of protein chemistry and recombinant DNA methods a glycine-rich region was found to be located near the carboxyl terminus of the nucleolar specific phosphoprotein, nucleolin, from Novikoff hepatoma (protein C23) and Chinese hamster ovary cells (100-kDa nucleolar protein). A sequence of 192 amino acid residues was derived from partial sequences of cyanogen bromide and N-bromosuccinimide fragments of protein C23 and deduced protein sequence from Chinese hamster ovary cell 100-kDa cDNA sequences. The 66 residues sequenced by protein methods were identical to the corresponding residues deduced by DNA sequencing. The multiple residues of NG,NG-dimethylarginine (DMA) contained in the nucleolin polypeptide were found to be limited to a segment of less than 10 kDa near the carboxyl-terminal end of the protein. This segment also contained internally repeated sequences (e.g. 7 copies of the sequence Gly-Gly-Arg-Gly-Gly were found) which were unrelated to sequences closer to the amino-terminal end. Most arginine residues in this region were surrounded by 2 or 3 glycine residues and were relatively close in sequence to phenylalanine residues.
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The limiting amino acids of Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum) were determined from plasma amino acid score and ratio and growth response of weanling rats to supplements of amino acids. The results indicated that methionine, threonine and tryptophan are the most limiting amino acids. Protein efficiency ratio of raw and cooked Bengal gram fed at a dietary level of 10% protein increased from 2.7 to 3.7 and 2.4 to 3.4, respectively, on supplementing the diets with methionine, threonine and tryptophan. Plasma levels of lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan were similar in rats fed raw or cooked Bengal gram, indicating that the trypsin or other inhibitors that may be present in the raw gram do not affect the biological availability of these amino acids.
In 13 dogs that were anesthetized and ventilated through an endotracheal tube, segments of either the intrathoracic (ITT) or extrathoracic trachea (ETT) were distended by over-inflating the sealing cuff within the first half of an inspiration and maintaining this overinflation for two breathing cycles. ITT distension caused a significant prolongation of the expiratory duration (TE) of the first challenged breath in 12 of the 13 dogs. ETT distension prolonged the TE in only 5 of the 13 dogs. An inhibition of inspiration resulting in shortened inspiratory time and reduced peak phrenic amplitude (PPA) was measured in three experiments. In six other experiments, there was only a transient decrease in phrenic discharge, which immediately resumed. In the remaining four experiments, the inspiratory burst was unaffected. After vagotomy, ITT distension shortened TE in 8 of the 13 dogs. ETT distension was ineffective in 10 out of 11 experiments; in the remaining experiment TE was significantly lengthened. No significant effects were elicited on TI and PPA by either ITT or ETT distension. These results could be explained by the known behavior of tracheal receptors and could indicate the presence of extravagal influences.