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Biomedical subjects

S Tyano

Publications and source records attributed to S Tyano.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Peripheral benzodiazepine receptors on platelets in chronic and detoxified alcoholics.

The effect of chronic alcoholism and detoxification treatment with disulfiram on platelet peripheral benzodiazepine receptors was studied in alcoholic males. Chronic consumption of alcohol did not alter the binding values for [3H]PK 11195, as compared to non-alcoholics. Treatment for 3 weeks with disulfiram resulted in a significant increase in the density of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors, with no alteration in the affinity of these sites to the ligand. These results might be relevant to the cellular and metabolic effects of disulfiram.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

TRH stimulation test in obsessive-compulsive patients.

Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL), and growth hormone (GH) levels were measured before and after stimulation with 200 micrograms of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) in 10 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and in 10 control subjects. There were significantly more blunted TSH responses among OCD patients than control subjects. PRL and GH responses to TRH challenge did not differ between OCD patients and controls. These results may indicate dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in OCD.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effects of uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction on biochemical parameters of stress and sexual function.

The blood levels of several "stress indicators" (prolactin [PRL], growth hormone [hGH], total catecholamines, and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate [cAMP]) were measured in men during the first 2 weeks of uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and during a 3-month follow-up period. PRL levels were significantly elevated during the first day, and hGH was elevated during the week after the AMI. The levels returned to the control baseline values thereafter. The levels of the total catecholamines and cAMP in blood remained normal throughout the study period. Sexual function during the 3-month follow-up was measured in 29 patients, using a specially designed questionnaire. Impotence was found in five patients and decreased libido in four. No correlation was noted between PRL values, the other stress indicators, and sexual dysfunction. A trend toward increased incidence of sexual dysfunction was found among patients with recurrent AMI.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Behavioral profile and social competence in temporal lobe epilepsy of adolescence.

A group of 26 adolescents with temporal lobe epilepsy was compared with a matched control group of 26 adolescents with chronic bronchial asthma as well as with a group of 90 healthy adolescents, using the social competence measure and the behavior profile of the Child Behavior Checklist. Both chronically ill groups exhibited more social and behavioral problems than the healthy adolescents but were similar to each other on the social and behavioral profiles. The one area in which the temporal lobe epilepsy and asthmatic groups differed from one another was that of "schizoid" psychopathology in male subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Haloperidol and lithium carbonate treatment did not influence serum immunoglobulin levels in schizophrenic and affective patients.

Serum immunoglobulin levels were studied in 153 psychiatric patients (87 schizophrenic, 48 bipolar and 18 unipolar patients), and 35 healthy controls. Psychotropic treatments (haloperidol in the schizophrenic patients and lithium in the bipolar affective patients) did not alter serum immunoglobulin levels. Decreased mean IgM serum level was detected in the major affective patients (unipolar and bipolar) compared with normal controls. Nonspecific environmental, infectious, autoimmune and emotional factors that can play a role in the alterations obtained in psychiatric patients are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Cold agglutinin autoantibodies in psychiatric patients: their relation to diagnosis and pharmacological treatment.

BACKGROUND AND METHOD: The purpose of this study was to compare titers of cold agglutinins in schizophrenic patients with those in patients with major affective disorders and in normal healthy subjects. One hundred sixty-six psychiatric patients and 37 healthy comparison subjects were included in the study. Ninety of the patients suffered from schizophrenia, 54 from bipolar disorder, and 22 from major depression. Venous blood samples were obtained from all subjects between 8:00 and 10:00 a.m. and were immediately tested for cold agglutinin titers. RESULTS: A high frequency (42.2%) of positive cold agglutinin titers was detected in the schizophrenic patients, compared with the bipolar (11.1%) and unipolar (9.0%) patients and the comparison group (8.1%). The investigators did not find any pharmacological effect on these results. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that, at least in this group, positive cold agglutinin titers are associated with schizophrenia. However, this observation cannot provide direct evidence for the involvement of viral or autoimmune factors in schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Paranoid schizophrenia in adolescence.

BACKGROUND: Paranoid schizophrenia is considered to be a rare condition in adolescence. Since this is contrary to the authors' clinical experience, they hypothesized that a controlled study would show that a significant number of adolescents would be diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and that scores from the childhood version of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS) would differentiate between the paranoid schizophrenic adolescents and adolescents with other types of schizophrenia or with affective disorder. METHOD: The authors conducted a prospective study of 120 adolescents admitted consecutively to an adolescent psychiatric inpatient department. Patients were diagnosed on the basis of DSM-III after an 8-week period during which they were evaluated with a structured psychiatric history and psychiatric examination, the K-SADS, repeated nonstructured interviews, and extensive ward observations. RESULTS: Thirty-eight percent of the schizophrenic adolescents and 14% of the total hospitalized population met the DSM-III criteria for paranoid schizophrenia. The symptom profile of the paranoid schizophrenic adolescents clearly distinguished them from adolescents with other psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Given the incidence of paranoid schizophrenia in an adolescent population, adolescent psychiatrists are likely to encounter this disorder. DSM-III-R should be used in future studies to further clarify the issue of the prevalence of paranoid schizophrenia in adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Psychopathology and management of hospitalized suicidal Ethiopian adolescents in Israel.

Between the years 1984 and 1989, 15 suicidal Ethiopian adolescents were hospitalized in the Adolescent Unit at the Geha Psychiatric Hospital. They were part of a large Jewish Ethiopian immigration to Israel, many of them children and adolescents who came on their own, having left their families behind. Despite difficulties, most of the Ethiopian adolescent immigrants have integrated into Israeli society; however, some have developed psychiatric problems requiring treatment. We describe the psychopathology and management of a group of immigrant Ethiopian adolescents hospitalized for suicidal behavior.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

[Secondary transsexualism in adolescence].

2 boys, 15 and 16 years old, with secondary transsexualism are reported. Both requested sex change operations, which had they been performed, would have proved disastrous. They responded to relatively simple, short-term psychiatric treatment based on an eclectic approach which included behavioral, psychodynamic and educational elements.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome during abrupt reduction of neuroleptic treatment.

Development of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) following discontinuation of high-dose and high-potency neuroleptic agents is described. This case, although rare and atypical, should alert clinicians to consider the possibility of NMS as a complication of abrupt neuroleptic drug withdrawal. It is suggested that dopaminergic imbalance, as opposed to excessive dopaminergic blockade, may also play a role in the precipitation of NMS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Examination stress, platelet peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites, and plasma hormone levels.

The maximal binding capacity (Bmax) and the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) values for [3H]PK 11195 binding to peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites were measured in the platelets of subjects immediately after examination stress and 10 days later, as well as in unstressed controls. Increased (52%; p less than 0.05) Bmax, but unaltered KD, values were observed immediately after the stress as compared to the controls. Ten days after the stress, a slight decrease (15%) in the number of peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites was observed, but their values remained higher (29%) in comparison to unstressed controls. Levels of plasma stress hormones (cortisol, growth hormone, and prolactin) did not differ in the stressed subjects from those of the controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Is psychotherapy mandatory during the acute refeeding period in the treatment of anorexia nervosa?

Forty-five adolescent and preadolescent patients (42 females, three males) with anorexia nervosa (AN) were treated in a pediatric day care unit of a large urban hospital by a multidisciplinary team. In our treatment model, the pediatrician has the responsibility for the initial evaluation and physical rehabilitation while the pediatric psychiatrist does the initial evaluation of the patient and family and is available for intervention in an emergency. Parents are actively involved in the treatment program. Family psychotherapy is recommended for each patient and his or her family. Among 45 patients, 24 did not enter psychotherapy during the first 2 months of the refeeding period, while the remaining 21 patients started psychotherapy (family and/or individual) during this period. Weight gain was higher in the group without formal psychotherapy during the initial period of refeeding (7.3 +/- 3.1 kg versus 5 +/- 2.5 kg; p less than 0.01). It is suggested that the initiation of structured psychotherapy is not mandatory and does not contribute to treatment effectiveness in the acute phase when emaciation and negativism may hinder the psychotherapeutic process. We believe a multidisciplinary team, together with the parents, is the treatment of choice during the acute phase of AN.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Psychometric properties of the K-SADS-P in an Israeli adolescent inpatient population.

Seventy adolescent admissions to a psychiatric unit were evaluated with a Hebrew translation of the Schedule for Affective-Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children (K-SADS-P). Interrater and test-retest reliability and mother-child agreement were evaluated for diagnoses, symptom clusters, and 20 affective symptoms. K-SADS diagnoses were also compared with 3-month unit evaluation diagnoses as a measure of consensual validity. The reliability of assessing psychosocial functioning was additionally examined. Reliability and validity of diagnoses were high and reliability of symptoms and syndromes was good to excellent. Mother-child agreement faired less well on all measures. The use of semistructured interviews and DSM-III criteria in an Israeli adolescent psychiatric setting are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Serotonin uptake by platelets of suicidal and aggressive adolescent psychiatric inpatients.

Thirty-four adolescent psychiatric inpatients were studied in order to find out whether there is a correlation between serotonin platelet uptake (SPU), suicidality and aggression. The patients were divided into four main diagnostic groups according to clinical data: borderline personality disorder, affective disorder (unipolar) including schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia and 'others'. These patients were also characterized by the quantitative symptoms profile from K-SADS scale (Children's Version of the Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia) and by their behavior: aggression, suicide attempts and violent suicide attempts. In the schizophrenic group, a correlation was found between low Vmax values of SPU and aggressive behavior (p less than 0.05). In addition, in the 'other' group a correlation was found between low Vmax values of SPU and conduct disorder (p less than 0.05). On the other hand, in 'other' patients a correlation was found between low Km values of SPU and violent suicide attempt (p less than 0.05). It is noteworthy that the lowest (20-35%) Vmax values of SPU were found in the patients of the affective group as compared to values of the three other diagnostic groups. These findings are similar to those concerning unipolar depressive adults. It is assumed that there are less binding sites for serotonin on platelets of depressive adolescents than was suggested for depressive adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Imipramine binding to platelets of children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity.

High-affinity [3H]imipramine binding to platelets was investigated in 11 boys with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity (ADDH) before and after 28 days of methylphenidate (MPH) treatment, and the results were compared to [3H]imipramine binding parameters (Kd, Bmax) of 10 age-matched normal boys. The binding parameters for imipramine binding sites did not differ between ADDH children and controls. Moreover, the beneficial therapeutic effect of MPH was not accompanied by any alteration in the binding values. This study is consistent with other studies that failed to demonstrate involvement of the serotonergic system in the pathophysiology of ADDH and in the therapeutic effect of MPH.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗