Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Turner

Publications and source records attributed to S Turner.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The effects of reinflation on the survival of time-expired stored rabbit erythrocytes in vivo.

Rabbit blood cells stored for prolonged periods in citrate phosphate dextrose with adenine (CPDA-1) at +4 degrees C show the same decreased volume, increased cell density and decreased filterability as human cells stored under similar conditions. As with human erythrocytes, the stored rabbit cells had to be incubated with autologous fresh plasma for 24 h at 37 degrees C before these changes could be observed (this incubation process apparently mimics the effects of reinfusion). These shrunken stored rabbit cells could also be reinflated using nystatin, so that their mean cell volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, average cell densities and filterabilities were restored to normal values. This in vitro reinflation of the stored cells significantly prolonged their in vivo survival rate as determined by radiochromium labelling studies. This reinflation technique may therefore have an application in the prolongation of the useful storage life of human blood.

Adenine↗
PubMed1986

Diagnostic assessment of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human and canine blastomycosis.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for blastomycosis was evaluated with 65 human sera from culturally or histologically proven cases of blastomycosis, 53 sera from humans with heterologous infections, and 115 sera from apparently normal people. The diagnostic value of the ELISA was compared with that of the widely used complement fixation (CF) and immunodiffusion (ID) tests. The assay gave a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 98% with a minimal positive titer of 1:16. In contrast, the CF and ID tests demonstrated sensitivities of only 40 and 65%, respectively, and both were 100% specific. It was concluded that ELISA titers of 1:32 or greater are indicative of active blastomycosis, whereas lower titers, which might represent cross-reactions, were considered suggestive of the disease. The specificity of low titers should be confirmed by immunodiffusion tests or from the study of serial serum specimens. Preliminary studies with sera from 6 dogs with active blastomycosis and 31 asymptomatic dogs revealed an ELISA sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 97% when a 1:8 cutoff titer was used. Although a wide range of titers was obtained in both human and canine specimens, no single titer could be relied on to reflect the clinical form of disease. However, a four-fold-or-greater reduction in titer for serial specimens appeared indicative of a favorable prognosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Etiology and pathogenesis of hypertension following renal transplantation.

Hypertension is a common feature of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and constitutes a major risk factor for accelerated cardiovascular disease and premature death. While a reduction in the incidence and severity of hypertension is one potential benefit of kidney transplantation, hypertension often remains as a problem after transplantation, even in recipients of wellfunctioning allografts. Despite many studies of the underlying etiologic factors, the mechanisms implicated in post-transplant hypertension are still incompletely understood. A number of variables, including status of the diseased native kidneys, steriod therapy, rejection, recurrence of original disease, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, sodium and calcium metabolism, and transplant renal artery stenosis may play a role in the etiology of hypertension after transplantation. Patients with persistent high blood pressure for more than 3 months after transplantation should be thoroughly investigated, with controlled sodium intake so that proper medical or surgical therapy can be implemented. Since sodium restriction, radionuclide renal scanning, renin levels, or responses to saralasin or captopril may not provide a clear index of various possibilities, an accurate differential diagnosis my also require invasive procedures such as arteriography and/or renal biopsy.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1986

Lithium ion transport by erythrocytes of randomly selected blood donors and manic-depressive patients: lack of association with affective illness.

The authors measured the in vitro lithium ion ratio and maximal rate of sodium-lithium countertransport in erythrocytes of 739 randomly selected blood donors and 42 manic-depressive patients to determine the frequency distributions of these two variables in a general population and their relationship to one another and to affective illness. A large interindividual variation was found for the ratio and countertransport, and there was evidence of bimodality in the frequency distributions for these two traits. There was a moderate negative correlation (r = -.61) between the ratio and countertransport for 126 individuals. Neither the ratio nor countertransport was found to be a useful marker for affective illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Prognostic factors for favorable outcome in disseminated germ cell tumors.

Between 1978 and 1982, 180 patients from Indiana University (Indianapolis) were entered on the Southeastern Cancer Study Group (SECSG) protocol 78 GU 240, a randomized comparison of cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin (PVB) v PVB plus doxorubicin induction chemotherapy regimens, with a second randomization to maintenance vinblastine v no further therapy. One hundred forty-eight of these patients obtained a favorable response to chemotherapy, defined as a complete response (CR) or a surgical resection of teratoma. The prognostic significance of various patient characteristics was investigated using the logistic regression model. Two classifications for the extent of disease were considered: the Indiana staging system and the M.D. Anderson (MDA) staging system. The Indiana staging system had the greater prognostic significance. This staging system allowed the population to be split into three groups (minimal, moderate, advanced disease) in which the observed proportions of favorable responders were 99%, 90%, and 58%, respectively. Within the advanced group, the number of elevated tumor markers subdivided these patients into three groups, with the observed proportions of favorable responders being 73%, 65%, and 45%. The Indiana and MDA staging systems were subsequently prospectively used in SECSG protocol GU 81 332, a study randomizing patients to remission induction therapy with PVB v cisplatin, VP-16, and bleomycin. The prognostic value of the Indiana staging system was prospectively validated in this study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Immunodiagnosis of blastomycosis.

The diagnosis of blastomycosis has long been a challenge for the clinician. Primarily a pulmonary disease, blastomycosis is difficult to differentiate from other respiratory infections by clinical symptoms alone. Substantial improvement in the diagnosis of blastomycosis can be attributed to the availability of the purified A antigen of Blastomyces dermatitidis and its homologous antibody and the incorporation of these reagents into diagnostic tests. Reliable procedures for accurately and rapidly immunodiagnosing blastomycosis are available. These methods comprise enzyme immunoassay and immunodiffusion tests for detecting diagnostic serum antibody by B dermatitidis, the exoantigen test for identifying mycelial-form cultures of the etiologic agent, and the fluorescent antibody technique for detecting and identifying yeast-form cells in culture or in tissue. These tests, used alone or in combination, can in many cases provide an early and rapid definitive diagnosis of blastomycosis.

Blastomycosis↗
PubMed1986

Increased uptake and accumulation of catecholamines by red blood cells in phaeochromocytoma.

Red blood cell (RBC) and plasma catecholamine content were determined by high performance liquid chromatography in 18 patients suspected of having phaeochromocytoma on the basis of clinical manifestations, especially hypertension and laboratory findings. Eight normotensive health individuals served as controls. The fivne patients with tumours had strikingly greater RBC catecholamine concentrations (C) than in plasma and reached CRBS/Cplasma ratios approximating 5, significantly different from the ratios in controls and in hypertensive patients without tumours. One tumour patient had a normal RBC catecholamine content as well as repeatedly normal plasma and urinary catecholamine levels. The other 12 patients, who had no ++tumours, had only slight elevations in plasma and RBC catecholamine levels. There is an accelerated uptake of catecholamines against a concentration gradient by the RBC in phaeochromocytoma, which indicates that RBC play a major role in the clearance of catecholamines after they are secreted into circulation.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Effects of electrostatic charge on aerosol collection with polystyrene filter cassettes.

Electrostatic fields are present on polystyrene cassette filter holders commonly used to measure the concentration of particles in air. Beryllium concentrations were determined at a beryllium refinery using neutral, and positively and negatively charged cassettes. In laboratory experiments, tobacco smoke, magnetite and polyvinyltoluene latex spheres were collected by both charged and neutral cassettes. No differences in concentration measurements were observed in the experiments at the refinery. In the laboratory experiments, the concentration of a charged negative aerosol collected by a highly charged negative cassette was reduced. Thus, when collecting charged aerosols, the polystyrene cassettes should be charge neutralized.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1984

The pericardial effusion pattern on phase images.

UNLABELLED: The effect of pericardial effusion on phase images of gated studies was investigated. Twenty-six patients with suspected or known pericardial effusion were correlated with echocardiography and/or clinical and other laboratory data to ascertain the presence and size of effusion. The phase image pattern and parameters were compared to the results previously obtained in seven normal patients, and in 26 patients with documented regional wall motion abnormalities but no evidence of pericardial effusion. The phase pattern was graded into five categories: typical (IV) (wide histogram, well defined concentric convex pattern, progressive delay toward the inferolateral area, identifiable also over the right ventricle); less pronounced (III); atypical (II); ill defined changes (I); and normal (0). RESULTS: Group L (large pericardial effusion): four of six had pattern (IV) and the left ventricular histogram showed abnormal parameters. These patients had large free effusions in the pericardial sac and none had regional wall motion abnormalities. Two of six had pattern (III) and (II) but also had ancillary pericardial pathology and/or decreased ejection fraction. Group M (moderate pericardial effusion), S (small pericardial effusion), and A (absent pericardial effusion, but not normal) had variable phase images and numeric parameters. After therapeutic drainage of pericardial fluid two patients changed pattern from IV and III to 0 and a third from III to I. Category IV pattern is 100% specific for pericardial effusion; the combination of category IV or III is 87.5% specific and 61% sensitive for large and moderate pericardial effusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Oral glucose inhibits growth hormone secretion induced by human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor 1-44 in normal man.

The interaction between the inhibitory effect on growth hormone secretion of a 75 g oral glucose load and the stimulatory effect of human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor 1-44 (hpGRF 1-44, 10 micrograms i.v.) has been studied in six normal subjects. hpGRF 1-44 alone induced a rise in growth hormone concentrations (maximum mean +/- SEM, 16.5 +/- 1.7 mU/l 15 min after injection) while growth hormone levels were suppressed by oral glucose alone (less than 1.5 mU/l from 45 to 135 min after glucose ingestion). When hpGRF 1-44 was injected 60 min after oral glucose, the growth hormone response was attenuated (maximum, 6.7 +/- 1.4 mU/l at 15 min, P less than 0.05). Increments of blood glucose within the physiological range diminish the growth hormone response to hpGRF 1-44 in normal man.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The role of the social worker in provincial psychiatric hospitals: an Ontario study.

Confusion still exists about the roles and functions of social workers in the mental health care system. The authors discuss this role ambiguity and its effects. They then present and discuss the findings of a study that explored the current role of the social worker in Ontario psychiatric hospitals with the following objectives: to document social workers' major roles and activities; to assess role satisfaction; to assess involvement in decision making; and to identify major types of therapy used.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1984

A case report of a true aneurysm of a digital artery.

A case report of true aneurysm of a digital artery is presented. Only one other case of this condition has been found in the literature. The treatment for this condition and possible reasons for its rarity are discussed.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1983

Identification of sites of 4'-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen cross-linking in Escherichia coli 23S ribosomal ribonucleic acid.

The reagent 4'-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen (HMT) was used to cross-link 23S rRNA from Escherichia coli under 50S ribosomal subunit reconstitution conditions. Following partial digestion of the RNA with ribonuclease T1, two-dimensional diagonal electrophoresis in denaturing polyacrylamide gels was used to isolate fragments derived from the cross-linked sites. These fragments were analyzed by digestion with ribonucleases T1 and A and their positions in the 23S RNA sequence identified. Fragment a1 (positions 1325-1426) is cross-linked to a2 (positions 1574-1623); fragment b1 (positions 1700-1731) is cross-linked to b2 (positions 1732-1753); and a cross-link is formed within fragment c (or c') (positions 863-916). In the latter case, the cross-link was located precisely, linking residues C867 and U913. All three HMT-mediated cross-links are consistent with a proposed secondary structure model for 23S RNA [Noller, H. F., Kop, J., Wheaton, V., Brosius, J., Gutell, R. R., Kopylov, A. M., Dohme, F., Herr, W., Stahl, D. A., Gupta, R., & Woese, C. R. (1981) Nucleic Acids Res. 9, 6167-6189].

Base Sequence↗