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Biomedical subjects

S Tarui

Publications and source records attributed to S Tarui.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Lymphocyte abnormality in human myotonic dystrophy and experimental drug-induced myotonia.

In the cytoplasm of peripheral blood lymphocytes in 3 of 13 patients with myotonic dystrophy, myelin-like structures were observed electronmicroscopically. Some were connected to the cytoplasmic membranes, and some were surrounded by a limiting membrane possessing acid phosphatase activity. These findings suggest an aberration of cytoplasmic membranes in lymphocytes. Similar structures had appeared in lymphocytes of normal rats that became myotonic with 20, 25-diazacholesterol. These findings suggest that a primary genetic defect in human myotonic dystrophy, which participates in the formation of myelin-like structures in lymphocytes, might be also responsible for the occurrence of a myotonic phenomenon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Islet-activating protein (IAP) reduces bethanechol-stimulated release of pancreatic polypeptide in the dog.

The effect of islet-activating protein (IAP) purified from culture medium of Bordetella pertussis was examined in dogs. This was assessed by the levels of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) as well as the responses of plasma insulin and glucagon to a parasympathomimetic agent, bethanechol. Plasma responses of these pancreatic hormones were measured before and 5 days after IAP injection. Although IAP had no significant effect on the bethanechol-stimulated increase in plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon, the PP response to bethanechol was significantly reduced after IAP treatment compared with that before IAP (p less than 0.05). In conclusion, IAP significantly and selectively reduced bethanechol-stimulated PP release in the dog although the mechanism remained to be elucidated.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effect of the discontinuation of long-term sulfonylurea treatment on blood glucose and insulin secretion in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

The mechanism of the hypoglycemic action of sulfonylureas during long-term treatment was investigated in twenty-four patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus treated for 1.5 to 19 yr in the out-patient clinic. The subjects received the first oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) while on sulfonylureas and the second OGTT one month after their withdrawal. As the degree of elevation of the fasting plasma glucose level after withdrawal varied, the subjects were classified into two groups. Fourteen subjects showing an increase of more than 15 mg/dl were arbitrarily designated as group I, and the rest as group II. The mean fasting plasma glucose of group I was 134 +/- 4 mg/dl (mean +/- SE) and 194 +/- 14 mg/dl with and without sulfonylureas, respectively. Group II did no exhibit any significant change in fasting plasma glucose. A mean fasting serum IRI of either group was not changed. In group I, a mean glucose area of 807 +/- 31 mg . h/dl on OGTT increased significantly to 1121 +/- 72 mg . h/dl (p less than 0.001) and, the same time, a mean IRI area decreased significantly from 102 +/- 10 microU . h/ml to 73 +/- 7 microU . h/ml (p less than 0.001). The ratio of IRI area to glucose area, which might indicate the responsiveness of pancreatic B cells to hyperglycemia, was reduced on an average by 48% in group I. However, group II showed no significant change in the mean value of the glucose area, IRI area or the ratio one month after the discontinuation of sulfonylurea treatment. These findings suggest that the insulinotropic action of sulfonylureas is maintained even after long-term treatment and contributes to their antidiabetic effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Impaired response of human pancreatic polypeptide to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in chronic pancreatitis without diabetes mellitus.

In order to clarify the pancreatic endocrine functions in mild chronic pancreatitis, the response of insulin to oral glucose load and the response of glucagon and human pancreatic polypeptide (HPP) to insulin-induced hypoglycemia were investigated in five normal controls and eight patients with chronic pancreatitis but without diabetes mellitus. Although insulin and glucagon responses in patients with chronic pancreatitis tended to be lower than those in normal subjects, the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant. In contrast, HPP response to hypoglycemia in the patients was markedly impaired and significantly lower than that in normals (p less than 0.02). This finding indicates that the impairment of HP response is the earliest and most definite manifestation among pancreatic endocrine abnormalities in chronic pancreatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Various phenotypes of diabetes mellitus at ultimate outcome of acutely developed diabetic state induced by viral infection.

For 4 to 8 years we followed up 3 diabetic patients in whom the onset of diabetes seemed to be closely related to the well-documented Epstein-Barr virus infection (Case 1) or Coxsackie B4 virus infection (Case 2, 3). Although all developed acute ketosis-prone diabetes in the convalescent stage of the viral infections, the subsequent clinical courses were quite different from each other. Case 1 has remained consistently insulin-dependent and associated with positive islet cell antibody, gastric parietal cell antibody, thyroglobulin hemoagglutinating antibody and thyroidal microsomal hemoagglutinating antibody. Case 2 restored normal glucose tolerance. Case 3 has become noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus after a 6 year interval. Thus, it is reasonably presumed that virus could be responsible for the occurrence of different phenotypes of diabetes.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Preventive and therapeutic effects of large-dose nicotinamide injections on diabetes associated with insulitis. An observation in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice.

This experiment was undertaken to explore a novel method of therapy for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), using nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice that had symptoms and histologic changes similar to those of human IDDM patients. We examined preventive and therapeutic effects of large-dose nicotinamide administration on diabetes in NOD mice. Eighteen young female NOD mice without glycosuria were randomly divided into two groups; nine received subcutaneous nicotinamide (0.5 mg/g body wt) injections every day and the other nine were maintained as a control group and not injected. After 40 days, all of the mice given nicotinamide showed almost normal glucose tolerance and only mild insulitis on histologic study. On the other hand, marked glycosuria and severe insulitis were observed in six of the nine mice not injected. Four of six NOD mice given nicotinamide from the day of the first occurrence of marked glycosuria displayed a disappearance of glycosuria and an improvement in glucose tolerance during the therapy; however, urine sugar became negative in only one of six mice that received nicotinamide from 1 to 2 wk after the onset of marked glycosuria. These results indicate that nicotinamide has preventive and therapeutic effects on diabetes in NOD mice, and suggest the reversibility of B-cell damage, at least at a very early stage of IDDM.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Nerve biopsy].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1982

Serum lipoprotein profile in Japanese obese children.

The analysis of serum lipoprotein was performed in school children in suburban areas in Japan. Serum lipid levels and lipoprotein profiles of obese children were compared to those of controls with normal body weight. Obese children with body weight more than 20 per cent above ideal body weight comprised approximately 6 per cent of the children. There was little difference in concentration of total cholesterol and triglycerides between the obese and the non-obese children. However, in obese children, the level of HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower and the level of (VLDL + LDL)-cholesterol was higher, so that the ratio of (VLDL + LDL)-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol was substantially higher than in non-obese children. In the obese children, a linear correlation was obtained between total serum cholesterol and the ratio of (VLDL + LDL)-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol level, which showed the increase of HDL-cholesterol was not accompanied with the increase of total cholesterol, while in the non-obese children, total serum cholesterol was not parallel with the ratio of (VLDL + LDL)-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol level, suggesting a co-increase of HDL-cholesterol with LDL-cholesterol. As the changes in lipoprotein profiles characterized by the increase in LDL and the decrease in HDL is one of the major risk factors of atherosclerosis, the prevention of obesity during school life seems to be important to prevent atherosclerotic diseases even in normolipidemic children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Effect of intraduodenal load of endogenous acid on secretin release in patients with peptic ulcer.

In order to explore secretory mechanisms in peptic ulcer, the plasma secretin response to an intraduodenal load of gastric acid stimulated with tetragastrin was studied in 10 patients with duodenal ulcer, nine with gastric ulcer, and five young healthy volunteers. After the injection of tetragastrin plasma secretin level was significantly increased in all subjects. The integrated incremental secretin output significantly correlated with the incremental acid output in the duodenal ulcer group as well as the gastric ulcer group. THere was no significant difference in the integrated incremental secretin output among the three groups. However, the integrated incremental secretin output per unit amount of gastric acid loaded in the duodenum was significantly lower in the duodenal ulcer group than in the other two groups. These results suggest that in patients with duodenal ulcer the secretin release in response to an intraduodenal load of endogenous acid is impaired.

Adult↗