Biomedical subjects

S Tarui

Publications and source records attributed to S Tarui.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources

PubMed1983

Serum mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase in patients with polymyositis.

The clinical significance of serum aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) isozymes was studied in 18 patients with polymyositis. Abnormally high levels of mitochondrial GOT (mGOT) (6.2 +/- 1.2 IU/L, mean +/- SEM; normal, less than 2.0 IU/L) and cytosol GOT (sGOT) (95 +/- 21.6 IU/L; normal, less than 25 IU/L) were observed in sera. In polymyositic muscles, the sGOT level was significantly decreased but mGOT was not. The levels of serum sGOT and mGOT and the ratio of mGOT/tGOT before corticosteroid therapy correlated well with the severity of muscle weakness. Serial determination of CPK, sGOT, and mGOT during corticosteroid therapy revealed that mGOT most rapidly returned to normal. Exercise did not increase serum mGOT in polymyositis.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗

PubMed1983

Accumulation of hydrocarbon in a patient with adrenoleukodystrophy.

The lipid composition of tissues from a patient with adrenoleukodystrophy was examined. Cholesterol esters of both brain and adrenal tissues contained increased proportions of fatty acids longer than C22 in agreement with previous reports. During this study, thin-layer chromatographic analysis of the neutral lipid fraction from the cerebral white matter and the adrenal gland revealed an unknown spot, which was identified as hydrocarbon of n-alkanes (CnH2n + 2, n = 16-33) by means of gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. There may be a relationship between the accumulation of hydrocarbons and the change in fatty acid metabolism that is the fundamental disorder of ALD, as: (1) the fatty acids abnormally accumulated in cerebral white matter and adrenal gland coincided in chain length (i.e. C24-C26) with the main peaks of n-alkane in the same tissues, and (2) an abnormal accumulation of n-alkanes occurred in the diseased tissues where cholesterol esters with very long chain fatty acids were markedly increased.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

A human B lymphocyte antigen (P-76) shared by B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and hairy cell leukemia cells.

A membrane antigen with an apparent specificity to B lymphocytes was detected with immunochemical techniques and its properties were analyzed. Anti-B-CLL serum was raised in a rabbit by immunization with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells. This anti-B-CLL serum was absorbed with erythrocytes, liver homogenate and insolubilized immunoglobulins. After further absorption with T-CLL cells, chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) cells and acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) cells, the anti-B-CLL serum still reacted with peripheral blood B lymphocytes, B-CLL cells and hairy cell leukemia (HCL) cells. In contrast, no reactivity was seen with peripheral blood T lymphocyte or monocytes, or leukemia cells of non-B cell origin. An immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled cell surface proteins was attempted using the anti-B-CLL serum in the presence of Staphylococcus Aureus Cowan 1 (SaCl), and the precipitates were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). A membrane antigen with an apparent molecular weight of 76,000 daltons (P-76) was immunoprecipitated with the anti-B-CLL serum from the lysates of normal B lymphocyte, B-CLL cells and HCL cells. The antigen (P-76) is not composed of disulfide-linked subunits and has no structural relationship with HLA-DR (Ia-like) antigens or other known antigens. These results suggest that this antigen is B-lymphocyte specific, and favour the B-lymphocyte nature of HCL cells.

Antibody Specificity↗

PubMed1983

Ultrastructural analysis of membrane-bound polysomes in mouse "nonsecretory" myeloma (nonproducing type).

Using our electron microscopic method of polysome analysis we ascertained the numbers of membrane-bound polysomes and their constituent ribosomes in myeloma cells of J 606 (IgG3) and MOPC315 (IgA) parent cell lines and in their variants that did not produce and, accordingly, secrete either H- or L-chains. Both variants had far fewer membrane-bound polysomes than the respective parent lines. The polysome distribution curve drawn for each of these variants showed one peak at 5-6 ribosomes. In contrast to this finding, the distribution curves for the J 606 and MOPC315 parent lines gave two peaks. These observations on mouse myelomas strongly resembled those on human myelomas.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Heavy chain loss after treatment with Melphalan in a patient with "nonsecretory" myeloma.

A case of "nonsecretory" myeloma is described. The patient had typical osteolytic lesions and marked infiltration of myeloma cells in the bone marrow, and plasma cell leukemia. A good partial remission was obtained with Melphalan, but the patient relapsed and died one year later. Immunofluorescent and immunoelectroscopic studies on the myeloma cells demonstrated the presence of cytoplasmic gamma-and kappa-chains at the initial stage and of only kappa-chains at a relapse. The electron microscopic method for polysome analysis indicated that both L-and H-chains were synthesized on membrane-bound polysomes initially, but the ability to produce H-chain was missing at the relapse.

Female↗

PubMed1983

Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I: a freeze-fracture and thin section electron microscopic study.

Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I was diagnosed in a Japanese patient. Electron microscopic examination of thin sections revealed the features of erythroblasts peculiar to CDA type I; namely "spongy appearance" of nucleus and "internuclear chromatin bridge" etc. However, the widening of nuclear pores, which has been reported as another peculiar feature of CDA type I erythroblasts, were not confirmed. Aberrations of erythroblast nuclear membrane which have not been hitherto noticed were as follows: The nuclear envelopes of erythroblasts frequently lacked heterochromatin application in wide areas where they often showed a marked invagination or evagination. This is associated with the invasion of cytoplasmic organelles into the nuclear territory and occasionally with the extrusion of the nucleolus into the cytoplasm. There were no nuclear pores on the invaginated or the evaginated portions of the nuclear envelope where the perinuclear cistern was compressed to lose the cisternal space, or widened to contain some membrane debris. The findings with thin sectionings were confirmed with freeze-fracturing. Both findings suggest that an aberration may reside in the erythroblast nuclear membrane itself, but not in nuclear pores.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Inhibition of pancreatic exocrine secretion and augmentation of the release of gut glucagon-like immunoreactive materials by intraileal administration of bile in the dog.

The effect of intraileal instillation of bile, a stimulant of gut glucagon-like immunoreactive materials (gut GLI), on secretin-stimulated pancreatic secretion was examined in anesthetized dogs. Intraileal bile significantly inhibited the flow rate of secretin-stimulated pancreatic secretion. The inhibition of pancreatic secretion was accompanied by an elevation of plasma concentration of gut GLI. Taking the inhibitory effect of glucagon on pancreatic exocrine secretion into consideration, it could be reasonably postulated that gut GLI may be a mediator of bile-induced ileal inhibition of pancreatic exocrine function.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Modulation by prostaglandin D2 of glucagon and insulin secretion in the perfused rat pancreas.

Effects of prostaglandin (PG) D2 on insulin and glucagon secretion from perfused rat pancreas were examined. In the presence of 2.8 mM glucose, only glucagon release was strongly stimulated by 14 microM of PGD2. When the glucose concentration was elevated to 11.2 mM, insulin release was accelerated by 14 microM of PGD2 but there was no effect upon glucagon release. Both glucagon and insulin releases induced by 19 mM arginine with PGD2 were not different from those without PGD2 in the presence of 2.8 mM glucose. But in the presence of 11.2 mM glucose, glucagon release induced by 19 mM arginine was augmented by 14 microM PGD2. Since the distribution of PGD2 has been reported to be in neuroendocrine organs, these results suggest that PGD2 is a possible candidate as a modulator in the neural control of endocrine pancreas.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Molecular cloning of human gastrin precursor cDNA.

We cloned cDNA of gastrin mRNA from human gastric antrum. First we obtained a porcine gastrin precursor cDNA clone using a synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide, d(A-A-A-G-T-C-C-A-T-C-C-A-T-C-C-A-T) as a hybridization probe. Then, using this porcine clone as a hybridization probe, human gastrin precursor cDNA clones were obtained. Sequence analysis revealed 4, 303, and 98 nucleotides, respectively, in the 5' untranslated region, in the amino acid coding region, and in the 3' untranslated region. The deduced precursor molecule codes for big and small gastrin, surrounded by pairs of basic amino acids. When the sequences of porcine and human gastrin precursor are compared, a high degree of homology in the active peptide region and lower homology in other regions are observed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1983

Effect of acid perfusion of the terminal ileum on plasma immunoreactive secretin and pancreatic secretion in the rat.

The distribution of immunoreactive secretin in acid extracts of the alimentary tract of the rat was determined. It was found to be contained in higher concentrations in the duodenum and in the terminal ileum than in other parts of the intestine. To elucidate the possible role of secretin contained in the terminal ileum, this part of the intestine was perfused with hydrochloric acid, a potent secretin secretagogue, and changes in plasma immunoreactive secretin levels and in pancreatic secretion were investigated in anaesthetized rats. Plasma immunoreactive secretin was increased from 65 +/- 5 pg/ml to 108 +/- 13 pg/ml during a 10 minutes perfusion with hydrochloric acid. This was significantly higher than that of saline perfusion but significantly lower than that of duodenal perfusion with hydrochloric acid. Acid perfusion of the terminal ileum also caused a three-fold increase in pancreatic flow rate and a twofold increase in bicarbonate concentration. These results suggest that the terminal ileum, through release of secretin, might play a role in regulating the pancreatic secretion of water and bicarbonate in response to changes in intraluminal fluids in the distal intestine in the rat.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Effect of intraluminal bile or bile acids on release of gut glucagon-like immunoreactive materials in the dog.

The true biological role of gut glucagon-like immunoreactive materials (gut GLI) is still unknown, although the stimulatory effect of intraluminal nutrients on the secretion of gut GLI has been described. The present authors, using the canine intestinal loop prepared from the terminal portion of the ileum, investigated how gut GLI would respond to digestive juice or its components. When bladder bile collected from another dog and diluted to 10% in saline was instilled into canine ileal loop, gut GLI in a branch of regional mesenteric vein was elevated significantly. Cholic acid suspended in saline (0.25 g/50 ml) also stimulated gut GLI secretion in the similar pattern to that of bile administration. On the other hand, 154 mM NaHCO3 which is a major inorganic component of pancreatic juice did not affect the venous level of gut GLI.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Successful embolization for uterine hemorrhage in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia.

A successful embolization for life-threatening uterine hemorrhage is described in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation. On admission the patient was in the 6th week of gestation with incomplete abortion and uterine hemorrhage. In addition to combination chemotherapy and anticoagulant therapy, dilatation and curettage were also performed. After the operation the uterine hemorrhage was progressively increased in amount and was not responsive to usual measures. Embolization of bilateral uterine arteries using Gelfoam was performed with a dramatic improvement of the hemorrhage.

Abortion, Incomplete↗

PubMed1983

Ultrastructure of normal human T cell subpopulations. Parallel tubular arrays in T gamma lymphocytes and clustered dense bodies in T mu lymphocytes.

Ultrastructures of normal T-cell subpopulations, T gamma and T mu cells, were studied. T gamma cells were isolated and identified by repeating the rosetting method; firstly, by E rosette formation with neuraminidase-treated sheep red blood cells (SRBC), and next by EA gamma-rosette formation with ox red blood cells coated with IgG antibody (EAox). Before EAox rosetting, SRBC on isolated T cells were lysed by autologous plasma instead of ammonium chloride solution. Normal T gamma cells were heterogeneous with regard to their granules; the majority of T gamma cells had parallel tubular arrays (PTA) and a few had electron-dense granules. When ammonium chloride solution was employed to lyse SRBC, PTA were never observed; PTA in normal T gamma cells and in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells with T gamma character both seemed to change into electron-dense granules after ammonium chloride treatment. In contrast to T gamma cells, T mu cells were characterized by clustered dense bodies, i.e. focal aggregates of electron-dense granules.

Ammonium Chloride↗

PubMed1983

In vitro platelet phagocytosis in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

In vitro phagocytosis of platelets from patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) (direct assay) and phagocytosis of normal platelets sensitized with patient serum (indirect assay), using normal peripheral blood leukocytes, were studied to find out whether the degree of phagocytosis reflects the severity of ITP. Phagocytosis was measured by the uptake of 51Cr-labeled platelets. Among patients whose platelet count was below 10 X 10(4)/microliters, 92% showed an increase in the phagocytosis ratio by the direct assay and 67% by the indirect assay. There was a highly significant inverse correlation between the direct phagocytosis ratio and the platelet count (p less than 0.001), but not between the indirect phagocytosis ratio and the platelet count. The amount of platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) measured in patients whose platelets were used for the direct assay also showed an inverse correlation with the platelet count (p less than 0.05). Vincristine administration provoked a reduction in the direct phagocytosis ratio and PAIgG value. We propose that both the direct assay and PAIgG measurement reflect the severity of ITP, and PAIgG might be responsible for platelet phagocytosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

High-dose gammaglobulin therapy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in adults.

High-dose gammaglobulin therapy for patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), introduced by Imbach et al., was applied to 5 adults with chronic refractory ITP to investigate the mechanism of the increase in platelet counts. In 4 of the 5 cases, transient increase in platelet count was observed. Platelet-associated IgG was decreased in 3 cases, increased in 1 case and unchanged in 1 case after treatment. In 4 cases having a variety of autoantibodies, the antibody titers decreased after treatment. No significant changes in antiplatelet antibody titers in serum, or in circulating immune complexes were observed during or after these treatments. No side effects were noted in any of the cases. These results indicate that the treatment is suitable for the treatment of patients prior to surgery and of patients at high risk of intense bleeding and death. It can be reasonably assumed that the increased platelet count is mainly due to a defective removal of antibody-coated platelets.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Serum thyroglobulin changes in patients with Graves' disease treated with long term antithyroid drug therapy.

In 29 patients with thyrotoxic Graves' disease treated with conventional long term antithyroid drug therapy, serum thyroglobulin (Tg) was serially determined by RIA and compared with clinical course, goiter shrinkage, and 131I uptake suppression. Those subjects with Tg autoantibody-negative sera comprised 46% of the patients with Graves' disease. They were divided into a remission group (G I) and an exacerbation group (G II). G I was subdivided into G Ia, who were in remission for 7-40 months, and G Ib, who relapsed more than 15 months after therapy. G II was still on therapy 27-62 months after its initiation, because these subjects exacerbated on reduction of the drugs. Goiter shrinkage occurred in 60% and 0%, and 131I uptakes were suppressed by T3 in 50% and 0% in G I and G II, respectively. Serum Tg in G I declined progressively and reached 48 +/- 5 (+/-SE) ng/ml on discontinuation of therapy, in sharp contrast with serum Tg in G II which remained high throughout (154 +/- 29 ng/ml at the last examination; P less than 0.001). Results of goiter shrinkage, 131I uptake suppressibility, and serum Tg levels were similar in G Ia and G Ib on cessation of therapy. Serum Tg levels less than 68 or more than 140 ng/ml on discontinuation of therapy were helpful in predicting the outcome of therapy. On the other hand, Tg levels were low and goiters were small in size in euthyroid Graves' disease. Tg levels were not clearly correlated with goiter weight or serum T4 and T3 levels before treatment. In conclusion, serial determinations of serum Tg reflect thyroid activity and provide information useful in the decision to discontinue therapy and observation after that.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and distribution of its severity among patients of a university clinic of diabetes in Osaka.

We have been following longitudinal changes of diabetic retinopathy by periodic fundoscopy in patients at our out-patient clinic for diabetes mellitus. In this study, we reviewed the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and the distribution of its severities. Funduscopic examinations for retinopathy were performed on 242 patients. They ranged in age from 13 to 84 years (52.9 +/- 0.9, mean +/- s.e.). Duration of diabetes ranged from 1 to 31 years (10.7 +/- 0.4). Forty patients were treated with diet alone, 112 with oral hypoglycemic agents and 90 with insulin administration. No retinopathy was found in 83 patients (34%), background retinopathy in 113 (47%), preproliferative retinopathy in 24 (10%) and proliferative retinopathy in 17 (7%). Five patients (2%) were blind. Twenty-seven patients (60%) of 45 with a less than 5-year duration of diabetes were apparently without retinopathy, while the incidence of proliferative retinopathy increased in proportion to the duration. Fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were higher in the patients with proliferative retinopathy than in any other group. All of the blind patients had a long history of untreated diabetes. Whether diabetic control assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin influences the progression of retinopathy could not be demonstrated by a 2-year observation. Further analysis based on a longer duration is needed in this respect.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

Alteration of T cell subsets and immunoglobulin synthesis in vitro during high dose gamma-globulin therapy in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

T cell subsets of peripheral lymphocytes were studied using monoclonal antibodies (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8) and immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA) synthesis in vitro by peripheral mononuclear cells stimulated with pokeweed mitogen was studied in adult patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura before and after high-dose intravenous intact gamma(gamma-)globulin therapy, at a daily dose of 0.4g/kg body weight for 5 consecutive days. A transient increase in platelet count which reached a peak on the 1st to 2nd days after the end of the therapy was observed in four of five patients. Immunoglobulin synthesis in vitro was suppressed remarkably following therapy in all cases: the mean reduction of IgG, IgM and IgA was 78, 66 and 48%, respectively. Titres of various autoantibodies, TGHA, MCHA, ANF and anti-DNA antibody, also decreased following therapy. In correspondence to this, phenotypic analysis in T cell subsets showed a decrease of OKT4+:OKT8+ ratio following therapy, without a change in the proportion of OKT3+ cells. These data indicate that the intravenous gamma-globulin preparations suppressed synthesis of antibodies non-specifically and caused a relative increase of OKT8+ suppressor T cells.

Adult↗