Biomedical subjects

S Taniguchi

Publications and source records attributed to S Taniguchi.

733 records · Page 41Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Hemodynamic effects of prostaglandins and catecholamines in graded reduction of pulmonary flow during venoarterial bypass in awake goats.

The roles of prostaglandins and catecholamines in the hypotensive hemodynamic change during cardiopulmonary support with a venoarterial bypass (VAB) were investigated in a series of chronic animal experiments of gradually reduced pulmonary arterial blood flow (PAF). The VAB system consisted of a pulsatile ventricular assist device, an artificial lung, and the right atrium uptake and descending aorta return cannulae in four adult goats weighing 49-51 kg. The PAF was adjusted to 50, 10, and 0% of the total systemic blood flow. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin production; phentolamine, an alpha-antagonist of catecholamine; and noradrenaline, an agonist of catecholamine were administered at each PAF condition. The mean aortic pressure (mAoP) and the systemic vascular resistance decreased in proportion to the decrease in PAF. Indomethacin increased the mAoP at all PAF conditions, indicating a relationship between prostaglandins and hypotension. Phentolamine decreased the mAoP at all PAF conditions, indicating a normal response of catecholamine receptors. However, noradrenaline increased the mAoP at 50 and 10% PAF, but did not appreciably increase the value at 0% PAF, indicating complete response of catecholamine receptors to endogenous catecholamines at 0% PAF only. In conclusion, prostaglandins play a substantial role in hypotension during VAB, and catecholamines may subsequently increase in compensation for extreme hypotension.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation between CA19-9 production in vitro and histological grades of differentiation in vivo in clones isolated from a human pancreatic cancer cell line (SUIT-2).

The production of carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) were investigated in 28 clones isolated from a human pancreatic cancer cell line (SUIT-2) and related to in vitro morphology of the clones and in vivo tumorigenicity. Clones of fusiform and polygonal cells could be morphologically distinguished in confluent cultures. There was no significant difference in CEA production between fusiform-cell clones (2.10 +/- 2.70 ng/L x 10(6) per 24 h) and polygonal-cell clones (6.01 +/- 7.30 ng/L x 10(6) per 24 h), but polygonal-cell clones had higher production of CA19-9 (1176.1 +/- 1628.4 U/L x 10(6) per 24 h) than fusiform (6.0 +/- 7.3 U/L x 10(6) per 24 h; P < 0.01). Production of CA19-9 in vitro correlated with the histological grade of differentiation in vivo in nude mice (r = 0.73, P < 0.001), but CEA production did not. The polygonal-cell clones developed well-differentiated carcinomas in vivo and produced significantly more CA19-9 (P < 0.001) than fusiform-cell clones, which generally developed into poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinomas in vivo. This cell line may provide an appropriate system for further studies of the biology and therapy of pancreatic cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of a new oral hypoglycaemic agent (CS-045) on metabolic abnormalities and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.

The effects of a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agent (CS-045) on diabetic metabolic abnormalities were studied in a double-blind clinical trial. Fourteen patients with Type 2 diabetes were selected according to study criteria. Eight were treated with oral CS-045 at 400 mg daily, and six were given placebo. A multi-step, hyperinsulinaemic, euglycaemic clamp study, with simultaneous plasma free fatty acid study, and glucagon tolerance test were performed before and after administration of drug. Following 3 months of treatment with CS-045, there were significant decreases in the mean levels of fasting plasma glucose (from 9.18 +/- 0.95 to 7.78 +/- 0.44 mmol l-1), postprandial plasma glucose (from 11.8 +/- 1.23 to 10.36 +/- 1.06 mmol l-1), and haemoglobin A1c (from 9.3 +/- 0.4 to 6.8 +/- 0.4%). Insulin sensitivity also improved (1st step: from 3.12 +/- 0.33 to 4.70 +/- 0.47 mg kg-1 min-1 (p < 0.01); 2nd step: from 5.61 +/- 0.63 to 7.54 +/- 0.58 mg kg-1 min-1 (p < 0.01); 3rd step: from 9.21 +/- 0.67 to 11.10 +/- 0.87 mg kg-1 min-1). The fasting free fatty acid level decreased significantly from 0.28 +/- 0.04 to 0.22 +/- 0.02 g l-1. The residual free fatty acid level (%) under insulin infusion clamp conditions decreased significantly from 63.7 +/- 9.7 to 45.0 +/- 9.2%. CS-045 treatment was associated with decrease in total cholesterol, total triglycerides, and increase in HDL cholesterol. Basal C-peptide immunoreactivity level decreased, but there was no change in the peak C-peptide immunoreactivity value.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Modification of repeat coronary bypass grafting for the left anterior descending artery with a minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass technique.

BACKGROUND: The usefulness of minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) for reducing mortality and morbidity associated with repeat coronary artery bypass grafting (re-CABG) has been reported. In re-CABG, graft selection and operative procedures are determined according to the previous mode of CABG. METHODS: We performed three types of operations using MIDCAB techniques for rerevascularization of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) using (1) the in situ left internal thoracic artery, (2) the in situ right gastroepiploic artery, and (3) a reversed saphenous vein graft anastomosed to the left axillary artery. RESULTS: In all cases, the postoperative course was uneventful. None of the patients had any symptom of ischemia postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: In re-CABG for rerevascularization of LAD, a modified MIDCAB technique using one of the above three procedures should be considered.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Biochemical analysis of metastasis-related Ax actin in B16 mouse melanoma cells after chemical reversional modulation and of tumor progression-related A' actin in the ontogeny of human malignant melanoma.

To examine the correlation between tumor metastasis and Ax actin in mouse melanoma and between tumor progression and A'.actin in human melanoma and further to investigate whether or not it is a generally existing principle, we studied the effects of reversion agents, which distinctly decrease metastatic ability of melanoma cells, on the appearance of Ax actin. Will an induced decrease in metastasis of established highly metastatic B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells cause the appearance of Ax actin? We also examined the appearance of A' actin in eight human benign pigment cell tumors and nine human malignant melanoma tissues or cells in relation to tumor progression. In vitro treatment of B16-F10 cells with each of these agents suppressed metastatic ability of the cells injected intravenously into syngenic mice; however, none of the treated cells represented Ax actin in vitro. These results suggest that the appearance of Ax actin may be a result of long-term tumor cell progression leading to changes in gene level, but because the treatments with these agents were only carried out over a short period, they could not effect changes in gene level; thus, Ax actin appearance remained unchanged. Appearance of A' actin was detected only in human benign pigment cell tumors such as nevus cell nevi, but not in malignant melanomas, which were also formed in a long period of tumor progression in vivo. These results suggest that A' actin is a clinically useful marker to determine the prognosis and level of tumor progression of human pigment cell tumors.

Actins↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Overexpression of c-erbB-3 in various stages of human squamous cell carcinomas.

Amplification of the c-erbB-3 gene and the expression of its mRNA and protein in human squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) were analyzed. Although no amplification of the c-erbB-3 gene was observed, overexpression of its mRNA was observed in SCC by RT-PCR. The expression of this gene in SCC was 15-50 times higher than in normal fibroblasts. Overexpression of the secreted type of erbB-3 mRNA was also observed in all SCC. Moreover, overproduction of the c-erbB-3 protein was also detected in SCC by dot blot analysis using anti-c-erbB-3 monoclonal antibodies. In nude mice, the expression of c-erbB-3 mRNA was higher in metastatic tumors compared with primary tumors. These results suggest that both the transmembrane and secreted types of c-erbB-3 play a significant role in the formation and development of SCC.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Radiation therapy for metastatic spinal tumors.

PURPOSE: The results of radiation therapy for metastatic spinal tumors were evaluated in terms of pain relief, improvement of neurological impairment, and survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1986 and 1995, 52 symptomatic patients with metastatic spinal tumors treated with radiation therapy were evaluated. The patients all received irradiation of megavoltage energy. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in terms of pain relief and improvement of neurological impairment. RESULTS: Pain relief was observed in 29 (61.7%) of 47 patients with pain. Therapy was effective for 17 (70.8%) of 24 patients without neurological impairment, and efficacy was detected in 12 (52.2%) of 23 patients with neurological impairment. Improvement of neurological symptoms was obtained in seven (25.0%) of 28 patients with neurological impairment. CONCLUSION: Radiation therapy was effective for pain relief in patients with metastatic spinal tumors. In patients with neurological impairment, less pain relief was observed than in those without impairment. Improvement of neurological impairment was restricted, but radiation therapy was thought to be effective in some cases in the early stage of neurological deterioration. Radiation therapy for metastatic spinal tumors contraindicated for surgery was considered effective for improvement of patients' activities of daily living.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Laparoscopic surgery in infants with intra-abdominal cysts: two case reports.

OBJECTIVES: We report two cases of infants found to have congenital omental cystic lesion with torsion and ovarian cyst treated by laparoscopy-assisted surgery (LAS). METHODS: A laparoscope was inserted by an open method. The intra-abdominal pressure was maintained at 8 mm Hg. We diagnosed the cystic lesions with torsion. At aspirator was used to aspirate the cystic content and remove the cyst. RESULTS: No intra- or postoperative complications were encountered. Oral intake was commenced on postoperative day 2 in both patients. The cosmetic results following LAS were excellent. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that LAS is suitable for the management of omental cystic lesions with torsion and ovarian cyst in nursing infants. An aspirator is useful in preventing spillage of cystic contents in patients with intra-abdominal cystic lesion.

Cysts↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Lipoatrophic lesions preceded by pain and erythema - a new clinical entity?

A 46-year-old female patient presented with deeply depressed lesions on the abdominal wall after slight pain and erythema, without a history of trauma or injection. No general symptoms were noted. There was a marked decrease of subcutaneous fatty tissue with minimal inflammatory cell infiltration. We found three similar cases in the literature. Differential diagnoses were performed, but our case and the other three cases do not fit any of the heretofore described lipoatrophic diseases, and might be a new clinical entity.

Abdominal Muscles↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of double-filtration plasmapheresis and a platelet-activating factor antagonist on the prolongation of xenograft survival.

Xenotransplantation may be considered a possible solution to the clinical donor-organ shortage. We studied the effects of the removal of preformed natural antibodies against donor tissue by double-filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) and the administration of a platelet-activating factor antagonist on the prolongation of xenograft survival using the pig-to-dog model. The porcine hearts were perfused with the blood of mongrel dogs. Pairs of animals were divided into four groups: group I (n = 3) was given no pretreatment before perfusion; group II (n = 6) was pretreated by DFPP; group III (n = 3) was given a platelet-activating factor antagonist intravenously at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg 5 minutes before and after perfusion; group IV (n = 5) was pretreated by DFPP and then given a platelet-activating factor antagonist. The titer of natural antibodies was measured by lymphocytotoxicity and hemagglutination. Heart specimens were examined by immunohistochemical staining for deposits of dog antibodies. No immunosuppressive drugs were given in this study. The porcine hearts resumed beating immediately after perfusion in all groups. The mean duration of the graft beating was 17.0 +/- 2.0 minutes for group I, 215.2 +/- 22.6 minutes for group II (p < 0.001 compared with group I), 18.3 +/- 2.1 minutes for group III, and 317.0 +/- 26.5 minutes for group IV (p < 0.001 compared with group II). Immunoglobulin (Ig) M, IgG, complements (C3, C4), and fibrinogen were removed significantly from the perfusing blood, and natural antibody titer was scarcely detectable in groups II and IV after DFPP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Outbreaks of egg-drop syndrome-1976 in Japan and its etiological agent.

A condition similar to egg-drop syndrome-1976 (EDS-76) occurred in 14 broiler breeding flocks in 2 farms in Japan from December 1978 to January 1980, and it was diagnosed as EDS-76 by serologic and virological investigations. Egg production fell suddenly when the hens were 30 to 55 weeks of age, and the depression lasted 3 to 7 weeks. Production fell 6 to 25%. Depressed egg production was accompanied by the laying of shell-less, soft-shelled, and thin-shelled eggs associated with loss of egg-shell pigment. Eleven isolates of hemagglutinating adenovirus were isolated from cloacal swabs (10 isolates) and a uterus (1 isolate) of hens in one farm. One isolate, cloned and named JPA-1, had the same antigenicity in serologic tests and the same biological and physicochemical properties as the BC14 strain of EDS-76 virus.

Adenoviridae Infections↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of cardiac rejection in heart and heart-lung concordant xenotransplantation.

Clinical observations indicate that in heart-lung grafting the heart is less frequently rejected than in heart grafting alone. In addition, our results of allograft experiments indicated that the graft survival period is longer in the former (11.8 +/- 0.8 days versus 6.6 +/- 0.5 days, p < 0.05), suggesting that the simultaneous grafting of the lung in heart-lung allografts suppressed the rejection of the grafted heart. We assessed the effect of simultaneous lung xenografting, splenectomy, and FK506 treatment on the survival of the xenografted heart in a concordant model. With Wistar rats as recipients and golden hamsters as donors, cardiac survival was compared between en bloc heart-lung and heart heterotopic xenografts. The cardiac survival of heart-lung and heart xenografts was not prolonged by FK506 treatment alone but was prolonged by splenectomy. Splenectomy plus FK506 (1.0 mg/kg/day) showed suppression of antibody production and a remarkable synergistic effect in prolongation (33.2 +/- 7.4 days versus 36.8 +/- 8.1 days) in heart-lung and heart xenografts. Simultaneous lung xenografting significantly shortened the survival period of the xenografted heart in splenectomy plus FK506 (0.5 mg/kg/day) recipients (4.8 +/- 0.8 days versus 9.0 +/- 3.5 days, p < 0.05), in contrast to the prolongation of the survival period of the grafted heart in heart-lung allografting.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Levels of soluble adhesion molecules and cytokines in patients with septic multiple organ failure.

Multiple organ failure (MOF) is a common complication of sepsis or septic shock. In this condition, it is believed that activated neutrophils adhere to the vascular endothelium and induce various mediators and tissue damage, leading to organ damage. We investigated the plasma levels of inflammatory cytokine activating neutrophils, soluble adhesive molecules, and endotoxin in 8 patients with septic MOF, 15 patients with sepsis but without MOF, and in 5 patients with MOF unrelated infection. The soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) concentration in sepsis-complicated groups was significantly higher than that in the multiple organ failure (MOF) group without infection. Of sepsis-complicated groups, the sICAM-1 value in the MOF group was significantly higher than that in the sepsis group without MOF. In sepsis-complicated groups, both soluble endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (sELAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) concentrations were significantly higher than those in the MOF group without infection. However, there was no significant difference between the septic MOF group and the sepsis group without MOF. In patients showing high levels of soluble adhesion molecule, prognosis was poor, and the concentration of soluble adhesion molecules rapidly decreased during recovery from MOF. It is speculated that endotoxin and inflammatory cytokines damage vascular endothelium as well as various other cells and produce, a large number of adhesion molecule, especially in patients with septic MOF, causing leakage of adhesion molecules into blood.

Adult↗