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Biomedical subjects

S Tandon

Publications and source records attributed to S Tandon.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Traumatic injuries to the incisors in children of South Kanara District. A prevalence study.

Trauma to the teeth is a commonly encountered problem. Many studies have stated the prevalence of traumatic injuries, range from 4% to 19.5%. In the present study, the prevalence of traumatic injuries to incisors teeth was studied. The unique feature of this study was that it related the associated causes with the severity of fractures (fracture types). In the present study prevalence was found to be 13.8% and this was associated with various factors such as age group involved, sex, place of injury and the overjet of the dentition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

DOTS versus self administered therapy (SAT) for patients of pulmonary tuberculosis: a randomised trial at a tertiary care hospital.

Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in a developing country like India, it is made worse by poor adherence to and frequent interruption of treatment. Treatment of tuberculosis requires strict discipline in order to eradicate mycobacteria and to cure the disease. In the present study we have conducted a randomized control trial, to compare the effectiveness of Directly Observed Therapy Short Course (DOTS) versus Self Administered Therapy (SAT) in a tertiary care hospital.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade with 80 and 160 mg valsartan in healthy, normotensive subjects.

BACKGROUND: An 80-mg dose once or twice daily is the dose of valsartan frequently administered for treatment of hypertension. The target dose selected for the Val-HeFT trial in patients with chronic heart failure is 160 mg twice daily. The level and time course of angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1))-receptor blockade achieved by 160 mg valsartan have not been reported. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seven normotensive healthy subjects were assigned in random order to receive a single dose of placebo, 80 mg valsartan, and 160 mg valsartan at 7- to 10-day intervals. AT(1)-receptor blockade level (%) was determined by the pressure response to administration of exogenous angiotensin II. The pressure response to angiotensin II was measured at baseline and 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours after oral administration of placebo, 80 mg valsartan, and 160 mg valsartan. Eighty and 160 mg valsartan resulted in a significant and similar level of AT(1)-receptor blockade at 2 and 6 hours compared with placebo. The 160-mg dose resulted in a significantly greater level of AT(1)-receptor blockade than 80 mg at 12 and 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS: During the first 6 hours after oral administration of 80 and 160 mg valsartan the level of AT(1)-receptor blockade is similar. However, only 160 mg valsartan provides sustained AT(1)-receptor blockade over 24 hours.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2001

Peri-operative risk factors for acute lung injury after elective oesophagectomy.

Acute lung injury after oesophagectomy is well recognized but the risk factors associated with its development are poorly defined. We analysed retrospectively the effect of a number of pre-, peri- and post-operative risk factors on the development of lung injury in 168 patients after elective oesophagectomy performed at a single centre. The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) developed in 14.5% of patients and acute lung injury in 23.8%. Mortality in patients developing ARDS was 50% compared with 3.5% in the remainder. Features associated with the development of ARDS included a low pre-operative body mass index, a history of cigarette smoking, the experience of the surgeon, the duration of both the operation and of one-lung ventilation, and the occurrence of a post-operative anastomotic leak. Peri-operative cardiorespiratory instability (measured by peri-operative hypoxaemia, hypotension, fluid and blood requirements and the need for inotropic support) was also associated with ARDS. Acute lung injury after elective oesophagectomy is associated with intraoperative cardiorespiratory instability.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Dose-dependent blockade of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor with losartan in normal volunteers.

Losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) antagonist, was developed as a more specific alternative to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. At a daily dose of 50 mg, losartan is currently evaluated in large outcome trials involving patients with hypertension and postmyocardial infarction. The current study evaluated the level and duration of blockade of a pressor response to angiotensin II by 50 and 150 mg of losartan, compared with 32 mg of candesartan. Eight normotensive volunteers were randomly assigned to a single dose of losartan 50 or 150 mg, candesartan 32 mg, or placebo. Subjects were re-randomized after a 2-week washout period to complete all four study arms. Radial artery systolic pressure response to exogenous angiotensin II was measured at 2, 6, 12, and 24 h after administration of drug. Losartan 50 mg reduced the pressure response to exogenous angiotensin II significantly only at 6 h. In contrast, candesartan and losartan 150 mg produced a greater reduction in the pressure response to angiotensin II throughout the 24-h period. This suppression was not paralleled by a reduction in resting systemic arterial pressure. Higher doses than 50 mg of losartan might be evaluated to elicit optimal clinical effects.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Simple schizophrenia revisited: a clinical, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging analysis of nine cases.

Simple schizophrenia is widely considered to be a controversial or even discredited entity. However, cases showing typical clinical features continue to be identified in surveys of schizophrenia patients. This article reports on nine patients who met proposed diagnostic criteria for simple schizophrenia. The patients all showed the classical features of social and occupational decline, as well as negative symptoms in the absence of clear-cut positive symptoms. A range of other symptoms, which were either nonspecific or fell short of psychotic phenomena, was also seen. Neuropsychological testing revealed evidence of general intellectual impairment plus deficits in executive function and memory. Computed tomography scans were normal or showed only minor abnormalities. All patients, however, showed abnormalities on single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT), mainly affecting frontal and temporal regions. It is concluded that cases conforming to the original descriptions of simple schizophrenia continue to be seen and are still best understood as representing a form of schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Comparative evaluation of marginal integrity of two new fissure sealants using invasive and non-invasive techniques: a SEM study.

In this era of preventive dentistry, many dental materials used for prevention of dental diseases are available. Since last few decades efforts are being directed towards prevention of dental caries which is one of the major dental diseases tormenting mankind. The main avenues available are plaque control, use of systemic and local fluorides and use of fissure sealants. There are many factors that contribute towards a successful sealant restoration such as properties of enamel, duration of etching, acid used for etching, manipulative variables. However, one of the prime factors governing the efficacy and life expectancy of a sealant is the marginal adaptability. This study was carried out on a total of 40 intact premolar teeth, which were divided in four main groups and subjected to evaluation under Scanning Electron Microscope. The parameters checked were the width and the number of marginal gaps. The results obtained showed that Teethmate had better marginal integrity and favored the use of invasive technique over non-invasive technique.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed2000

Hurler syndrome: a case report.

Hurler syndrome is an inherited disorder of mucopolysaceharide metabolism, which is caused by a defect in genetically controlled pathways of lysosomal degradation. It represents the classical prototype of mucopolysaccharide disorder. An interesting case of a three and a half-year old boy with a rare combination of skeletal, neurological, ophthalmologic, and dental findings is presented. It is a rare syndrome with a very low prevalence of 1:100,000 births and as such the clinician should be aware of this syndrome.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2000

Effect of dental health education on the oral health status of a rural child population by involving target groups.

India, a developing country faces many challenges in rendering oral health needs. The majority of Indian population resides in rural areas, of which more than 40% constitute children. These children cannot avail dental facilities due to inaccessibility, financial constraints and stagnation of public dental healthcare services. This entails the health professional to adopt a more practical approach to achieve primary prevention of oral diseases. The most viable solution seems to be dental health education. Documented evidence shows that teachers and parents can augment dental health behaviour. With this background, it was decided to target children in a rural area for comparing the effect of education on children alone, children coupled with teachers and children with the involvement of their parents. An interventional study of 4 months duration was conducted on 430 children, 7 teachers and 100 parents. The parents were educated at home. Clinical oral health status was assessed prior to the delivery of dental health education and also following the intervention. Results showed that the dental health scores improved best in the group of children involving the teachers. It was concluded that teachers could be targeted in order to enhance the effect of dental health education campaigns on children.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

Selected cephalometric norms in south Kanara children.

Cephalometric Norms from forty South Kanara children were selected and it was found that these children have a tendency towards class II skeletal relation. Females showed a protrusive Maxillary and Mandibular base. Certain new landmarks were also introduced, the value of which gives the molar relationship. Length of Maxillary and Mandibular bases were also standardised for class I cases.

Adolescent↗