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Biomedical subjects

S Tanabe

Publications and source records attributed to S Tanabe.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Polychlorinated biphenyl and organochlorine insecticide residues in human adipose tissue in Poland.

Concentrations of PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) and organochlorine insecticides such as DDT, HCHs (hexachlorocyclohexanes), HCB (hexachlorobenzene) and chlordanes were determined in human adipose fat from the provinces of Skierniewice and Gdańsk in Poland collected during 1979 and 1990, respectively. The mean levels (microg g(-1) lipid weight basis) in Skierniewice and Gdańsk were found to be 1.2+/-0.44 and 1.5+/-1.3 for PCBs, 25+/-16 and 15+/-13 for DDT, 0.53+/-0.17 and 0.25+/-0.09 for HCHs, 0.36+/-0.22 and 0.26+/-0.23 for HCB, and 0.11+/-0.08 and 0.07+/-0.04 for chlordanes, respectively. Very high concentrations of DDT were detected, with the maximum value as high as 52 microg g(-1) lipid weight in Skierniewice and 47 microg g(-1) lipid weight in Gdańsk. PCB residues contained in the human fat from Polish cadavers are comparable to those of the levels reported for industrialized nations. It is appraised from the levels of DDT and PCBs in Poles' fat that the Polish environment is still experiencing both types of contamination, arising from agricultural and industrial activities. Contamination of humans by other organochlorine insecticides was relatively lower.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses in xenografts by pretreatment with ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated hepatocytes.

F344 Rat hepatocytes (HCs) that had been exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light were transplanted into the dorsal subcutaneous tissues of Balb/c mice. Four days after the transplantation, the anti-HC delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response was assessed by determining the response to a direct challenge with non-irradiated HCs. The DTH response in mice transplanted with 600 J/m2-UVB-irradiated HCs was suppressed significantly compared with that with non-irradiated HCs. Furthermore, the DTH responses evoked by challenge with non-irradiated HCs were similar to those evoked by UV-irradiated HCs.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Clonidine improves central attenuation of the baroreflex in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

To determine whether clonidine can improve the central alteration of the baroreflex in SHR, the centrally cut end of the aortic depressor nerve was electrically stimulated in SHR with intravenously administered clonidine. Aortic depressor nerve (ADN) stimulation elicited depressor and sympatho-inhibitory responses in a frequency-dependent manner in WKY and SHR. These responses were significantly smaller in SHR than in WKY. The attenuated depressor and sympatho-inhibitory responses to ADN stimulation in SHR were restored following i.v. injections of clonidine, although the drug did not affect the responses to ADN stimulations in WKY. These findings suggest that clonidine can improve central attenuation of the baroreflex in hypertension.

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed1993

Immunoglobulin-complexed aspartate aminotransferase.

We report a case of increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST, EC 2.6.1.1; GOT) in a 17-year-old girl which persisted for 3 years. The patient was healthy, but a high level of serum AST was detected during a school health check. Further examination revealed that AST was increased to as high as 259 IU/l while alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was normal. Immunoelectrosyneresis and immunoprecipitation methods revealed that this atypical AST combined with IgG--kappa, lambda globulin and formed macromolecular complexes. Including the present case, 26 cases of IgG-complexed AST have been reported. It is important to be aware of this syndrome, and thereby avoid unnecessary examinations and therapies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Effect of local administration of lymphokine-activated killer cells and interleukin-2 on malignant brain tumor patients.

Nine patients with malignant brain tumors were treated with intratumoral infusion of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and interleukin-2 (IL-2). LAK cells were generated from macrophage-depleted peripheral blood lymphocytes by culturing with IL-2 for 4 days. The resulting LAK cells showed strong cytotoxic activity against tumor target cells. Three patients received sufficient LAK cells (> or = 5.76 x 10(8)) to show partial tumor response by computed tomography and clinical signs. No severe neurological side effects occurred in any patient. Intratumoral administration of LAK cells and IL-2 can be effective in patients with malignant brain tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effect of parity on colostral mineral concentrations of Holstein cows and value of colostrum as a mineral source for newborn calves.

Colostrum samples for 93 Holstein cows and blood samples of 49 newborn calves fed only colostrum for 1 wk postpartum were collected to clarify the effect of parity on colostral and plasma mineral concentration. The concentrations of colostral Ca, P, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn were highest at parturition and decreased rapidly by 24 h postpartum. Three cows had an extremely low concentration of colostral Ca and P. Colostral Ca, P, and Mg at parturition decreased as lactation number increased and stabilized after the third lactation. Colostral Zn of primiparous cows at parturition tended to be higher than that of multiparous cows, but no effect on colostral Fe, Cu, and Mn was due to parity. Blood hematocrit and hemoglobin of newborn calves increased with greater lactation number of the dams, and the blood values were lowest at d 6 postpartum for calves born from primiparous cows. Plasma Ca of calves born from primiparous cows tended to be higher than those of calves from multiparous cows, and blood hemoglobin and plasma inorganic P concentrations of female calves were higher than those of males at d 1 postpartum. Blood hematocrit and hemoglobin and plasma Mg decreased with time postpartum, but plasma Zn and Cu increased. In general, lactation number was a major factor for alteration of colostral minerals of cows and mineral status of newborn calves.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1993

[Obliterative arteriopathy in renal transplantation: an immunocytochemical analysis].

Obliterative arteriopathy is one of the major obstacles to long-term survival of human renal allografts. However, the cellular composition of obliterative arteriopathy has been incompletely characterized. We have performed immunocytochemical investigations of cellular components of obliterative arteriopathy and also investigated immunophenotypic features of proliferating smooth muscle cells in these lesions. Three renal allografts that had been removed due to rejection were available for this study. Time lapse between transplantation and removal of the renal allograft in these patients was 2 months, 5 months, and 4 years and 9 months, respectively. Tissue blocks cut from these renal allografts were fixed in methanol-Carnoy's fixative, and embedded in paraffin. Serial sections from each block were cut and used for histopathological and immunocytochemical studies. Monoclonal antibodies used for this study were as follows: anti-muscle actin antibody, HHF35; anti-smooth muscle actin antibody, CGA7; anti-vimentin antibody; anti-desmin antibody; anti-macrophage antibody, HAM56; and anti-Factor VIII-related antigen antibody. In all the allografts, obliterative arteriopathy was observed in the interlobular and arcuate arteries. In an early stage of proliferative lesions (2 months), the hyperplastic intima consisted largely of macrophages, intermixed with smooth muscle cells. At this stage, smooth muscle cells at the luminal site stained positive with HHF35, but negative with CGA7. In older lesions (5 months, 4 years and 9 months), however, the thickened intima consisted almost entirely of smooth muscle cells. At this stage, smooth muscle cells stained positive with both HHF35 and CGA7.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Primary chylopericardium: a case report].

A case of primary chylopericardium in a 54 year-old-man was reported. Despite 3 times of pericardiocentesis, the pericardial fluid accumulated rapidly. After the fenestration of pericardium, a small cannula was inserted for the thoracic ductgram which showed a clearly visible duct upward to the angulus venosus and an abnormal branch near the bifurcation of the trachea spilling some contrast material into the pericardial cavity. Ligation and division of the thoracic duct including an abnormal branch was performed from its entry to the thorax for a length of 13 cm upward. The postoperative course was uneventful and chest X-ray film taken 6 months after surgery showed no accumulation of chyle in the pericardium and pleural cavity.

Chyle↗
PubMed1993

Characterization of a novel biphenotypic leukemia cell line, TA-1, with myeloperoxidase and inducible cytoplasmic mu chain: altered rearrangement patterns of antigen receptor genes.

A novel biphenotypic cell line carrying t(9;11)(p22;q23), TA-1, was established from the peripheral blood of a patient with acute undifferentiated leukemia. The TA-1 cells simultaneously expressed lymphoid (CD19, CD20) and myeloid characteristics (CD13, CD33, myeloperoxidase) on the same cells. When the cells were treated with tetraphorbol acetate, cytoplasmic mu chain was induced and the fluorescence intensity of CD13 was increased. These findings suggested that TA-1 cells have a bidirectional maturation capacity, as well as biphenotypic features. Molecular analysis disclosed differences in the rearranged bands, corresponding to one allele of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IgH) and the T cell antigen receptor gamma gene (TCR gamma), between the non-cultured cells and the cell line, while showing identical rearranged patterns of another allele of both these genes and the TCR beta gene. These results suggest that the non-cultured cells and the established cell line have the same clonal origin and that the latter is a clonal descendant of the former.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Sphingosine inhibits factor Xa-catalyzed prothrombin activation on the surface of cultured calf pulmonary artery endothelium perturbed by hydrogen peroxide.

The effects of hydrogen peroxide on factor Xa-catalyzed prothrombin activation on the surface of vascular endothelial cells, and the inhibitory effect of sphingosine on prothrombin activation were studied in cultured calf pulmonary artery endothelial cells (CPAEC). Hydrogen peroxide enhanced factor Xa-catalyzed prothrombin activation on the cell surface in a time and dose-dependent manner. Sphingosine, a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C and the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation, showed a partial inhibition of prothrombin activation on the surface of CPAEC. When cells were perturbed by hydrogen peroxide, sphingosine inhibited prothrombin activation and displaced factor Xa bound to the cell surface.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Residue pattern and dietary intake of persistent organochlorine compounds in foodstuffs from Vietnam.

Concentrations of polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), DDT compounds (DDTs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide were determined in foodstuffs collected from different locations in Vietnam. Elevated levels of PCBs, DDTs, HCHs, and aldrin and dieldrin were found in animal fat, butter, meat, and seafood. Caviar and butter samples imported from the Soviet Union contained considerably higher amounts of PCBs, HCHs and DDTs. The average daily intake of some organochlorines by Vietnamese people were higher than those observed in most of the developed nations. The dietary intake of DDTs was the highest among various chemicals studied. Interestingly, the daily dietary intake of PCBs was comparable to those in developed countries. Fish, shellfish, prawn, and crab were the primary route of DDTs to humans, whereas cereals and vegetables were the predominant sources of PCBs and HCHs.

Food Analysis↗
PubMed1992

Characteristic trend of persistent organochlorine contamination in wildlife from a tropical agricultural watershed, south India.

The residue levels of persistent organochlorines, such as HCH (BHC: 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane) isomers, DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane] compounds, PCBs (polychlorobiphenyls) and HCB (hexachlorobenzene), were measured in wildlife. The wildlife were sampled from terrestrial and aquatic habitats in and around the agricultural watershed of Parangipettai, South India. On the basis of overall concentrations sigma HCH ranked first followed by sigma DDT, sigma PCB and HCB, reflecting the increasing usage of HCH in recent years in India. The residue levels of organochlorines in birds varied according to their feeding habits and showed the following pattern: inland piscivores and scavengers greater than coastal piscivores greater than insectivores greater than omnivores greater than granivores. High levels of HCH and DDT residues were recorded in Pond heron and Cattle egret which feed in the agricultural fields. Comparison of HCH concentrations in fish and birds in the study area to other locations was made to further understand the dynamics of contaminant accumulation in tropical wildlife. Regarding birds, a wide variation in residue levels could be seen among various countries, with tropical regions registering high levels. In contrast, the variation is not prominent in the case of fish. The residue levels in fish measured in the present study were generally comparable to values reported from other locations. This suggests that the bioavailability of contaminants to the aquatic fauna is less due to the smaller flux and shorter residence time of these chemicals in the tropics.

Agrochemicals↗
PubMed1992

Isomer-specific analysis of PCBs including toxic coplanar isomers in canned cod livers commercially processed in Poland.

Concentrations of highly toxic coplanar non-ortho (IUPAC Nos. 77, 126 and 169), mono-ortho (IUPAC Nos. 60, 105, 118 and 157), di-ortho (IUPAC Nos. 128, 139 and 170) members and 73 other isomers and congeners of PCBs were determined in canned cod livers W 9tróbka rybna po Kaukasku produced by a company in Gdańsk, Poland in early 1990. Total PCB concentrations ranged over 1.2-2.6 micrograms/g wet mass. Concentrations of ten toxic coplanar PCBs (IUPAC Nos. 77, 126, 169, 60, 105, 118, 156, 128, 138, and 170) were found to be in the range of 360 to 690 ng/g wet mass and their TCDD TEQs were 370 to 530 pg/g for aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and from 290-430 pg/g for ethoxy-resorufin O-deethylase. Among these toxic congeners IUPAC No. 126, which showed 84% of total TEQ values, imparted most significant toxic threat. Considering these observations, canned cod livers are likely to pose concern to human health since they exceed the tolerance limit of total PCBs (2.0 micrograms/g for edible parts of fishery products) and contain significant residue levels of toxic coplanar PCBs.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Results of reoperation for failed microvascular decompression.

Among 64 patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS) and 60 with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) treated by microvascular decompression (MVD), repeated MVD performed on 3 cases with HFS resulted in the absence of spasm in all cases. In 7 cases with TN, this technique resulted in complete remission in 2, recurrence in 3, and no pain relief in 2 cases. MVD was more effective on HFS than on TN in repeated procedures as well as for initial treatment. The cause of recurrence of HFS was attributed to the inadequate cushion effect of muscle as a prosthesis, while that for TN was suspected to be related more to post-operative fibrotic adhesions formed around the fifth nerve.

Adult↗