Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Tanabe

Publications and source records attributed to S Tanabe.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Influence on glycemic control of improved diabetic gastroparesis by long-term cisapride therapy].

To investigate the effect on glycemic control of improving diabetic gastroparesis, we evaluated symptoms (scored), gastric motor functions (solid and liquid gastric emptying studies and electrogastrography), and glycemic control in 11 patients with diabetic gastroparesis (5 men, 6 women, 50.4 +/- 4.5 years old) before and after treatment with cisapride (15 mg/day p.o., 12 weeks). None of the patients had organic abnormalities on gastrointestinal endoscopy. The dysmotility symptom score (maximum: 18) on cisapride significantly improved from 13.1 to 4.0 (p < 0.01). Retention rates at 15 and 80 minutes after ingestion improved in a solid-food gastric emptying study using a test meal of instant noodles labeled with 37 MBq (1 mCi) technetium-99m (both p < 0.05). Liquid gastric emptying, evaluated using a sulfamethizole technique, also improved but not significantly. Electrogastrography revealed no significant changes after treatment, but the postprandial rate of normal frequency waves tended to increase. Glycemic control was assessed based on HbA1C, fructosamine and M value. There were no significant changes in glycemic control after treatment with cisapride. We conclude that long-term administration of cisapride reduced dysmotility symptoms and improved solid and liquid gastric emptying without adversely affecting glycemic control.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Diagnosis of ruptured and unruptured cerebral aneurysms with three-dimensional CT angiography (3D-CTA)].

Three-dimensional CT angiography (3D-CTA) is a new, minimally invasive technique for the diagnosis of cerebral aneurysms. The purpose of this study is to compare the diagnostic value of 3D-CTA for ruptured and unruptured cerebral aneurysms with that of MR angiography (MRA) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Forty-one cases consisting of 11 cases of ruptured aneurysms and 30 cases of unruptured aneurysms, with a total of 67 cerebral aneurysms, were included in this study. 3D-CTA was performed with a bolus injection of nonionic contrast medium on the SOMATOM PLUS-S scanner and the ProSeed Accell scanner. Three-dimensional images were obtained by both shaded surface reconstruction (SSR) method and maximum intensity projection (MIP) method. The CT values of cisternal clot in cases of ruptured cerebral aneurysms did not exceed 90HU in any of the cases. The effect of SAH was, therefore, eliminated in the SSR images through a threshold level processing of a CT value of 150HU. All the cerebral aneurysms were visualized by this process. With regard to the detectability of cerebral aneurysms, 3D-CTA was able to demonstrate cerebral aneurysms with diameters of larger than 1mm as well as giant aneurysms which MRA would sometimes fail to reveal. 3D-CTA was superior to MRA and DSA in making diagnosis of small aneurysms such as those with diameters of less than 3mm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Congenital color vision deficiencies as a social problem].

Color vision standards for various occupations and schools have been greatly eased recently. However, if the trend is unaccompanied with proper advice for color defective persons, there is a risk of accidents such as occurred in the past when color vision standards had not been introduced, because the color vision defect is unchanged. In this context, the history of color vision standards and the color confusion by color defective persons in their daily life were reviewed. The collected data together with pathophysiological characteristics of defective color vision suggest that at least the following measures are necessary from a practical point of view: (1) By education and awareness, color defective persons can avoid errors in color in most cases. Therefore, ophthalmologists should inform them of their defects in childhood and give instructions on how to compensate for their disadvantages. (2) In public and occupational situations, all the information conveyed by color should include lettering or other forms of redundancy for the convenience of color defective persons.

Color Vision Defects↗
PubMed1995

[A case of traumatic aneurysm of the thoracic aorta with severe chronic compression of the trachea].

A case of successfully treated traumatic aneurysm of the thoracic aorta with severe major air way compression was reported. A 38-year-old man, who had a history of blunt chest trauma in a traffic accident twenty years ago, complained of asthma-like coughing chest CT scan and angiogram showed a saccular aneurysm of desending aorta compressing the isthmus of the trachea and the esophagus severely. Resection of the aneurysm and prosthetic graft replacement was undertaken successfully with the aid of F-F bypass. The trachea and the esophagus were well decompressed and the patient recovered well with no complaints.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Global contamination by persistent organochlorines and their ecotoxicological impact on marine mammals.

The present paper overviews the global contamination by persistent organochlorines and their ecotoxicological implications on marine mammals. The recent pattern of contamination by organochlorine residues in the coastal environment is prominent in tropical regions due to continuous usage in the low-latitude developing countries. The major emission source of organochlorines is probably the tropical belt and large quantities of volatilized contaminants are dispersed through the atmosphere on global terms. Reflecting this, a considerable contamination was observed in open ocean tropical waters as well as in the Arctic and nearby waters. The study of the mass transfer of organochlorines at the air-water interface suggests that the oceanic water bodies, particularly Arctic waters, act as a sink for persistent contaminants. In this regard, the marine mammals, particularly cetaceans, are one of the animal groups receiving high concentrations of persistent organochlorines arising out of a worldwide contamination. They can amplify much greater amounts of toxic contaminants through feeding and also pass them in large quantities from one generation to the next through lactation. Unfortunately, these animals have a smaller capacity for degradation of these contaminants due to the specific mode of cytochrome P-450 enzyme systems. These drug-metabolizing enzyme systems may be related to the possible effects of persistent organochlorines, particularly coplanar PCBs. Furthermore, the residue levels of these contaminants in marine mammals are unlikely to decline in the near future. Considering all these facts, it may be concluded that marine mammals are one of the most vulnerable and possible target organisms with regard to long-term toxicity of hazardous man-made chemicals in the future.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Persistent organochlorine residues in foodstuffs from Australia, Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands: contamination levels and human dietary exposure.

Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDT and its metabolites (DDTs), HCH isomers (HCHs), chlordane compounds (CHLs), aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide and HCB were determined in a wide variety of foodstuffs collected from different locations in Australia, Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Elevated levels of PCBs, CHLs, DDTs and dieldrin were detected in most of the foodstuffs of animal origin. Fish samples collected near the coast of Sydney recorded noticeable concentrations of PCBs, CHLs and DDTs. PCB contamination was generally prominent in samples collected in urban areas, whereas organochlorine pesticides were distributed uniformly throughout Australia. The widespread usage of CHLs was evident from the composition of its compounds in various foods while HCHs and DDTs were found to have been used sporadically in space and time. For the most part, residue levels of organochlorines in foodstuffs were below the tolerance limits established by national and international health organizations. The exception was CHLs in some fish samples, which exceeded the maximum residue limits recommended by the National Health and Medical Research Council of the Australian government. Although the number of samples analysed in each class of foods is small for the purpose of estimating human dietary exposure, we tentatively conclude that the dietary intake of PCBs in Australia was higher than those observed in most developed and developing nations, whereas the intake of organochlorine pesticides was higher than in developed nations but lower than in developing countries. Meat products contributed to the higher dietary intakes of most of the organochlorines. The contamination pattern and the residual concentrations of organochlorines in foodstuffs of Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands resembled those observed in Australia.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Congener-specific data of polychlorinated biphenyl residues in human adipose tissue in Poland.

Adipose tissue of inhabitants of the Gdańsk city located at the southern coast of the Baltic Sea and of the province of Skierniewice of inland Poland have been investigated for congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by the capillary GC-MS technique. PCB IUPAC No. 153 was a high contributor of the congener occupying 23% of the total PCB content, and together with No. 138 of 18% and No. 180 of 13% were the most prevalent members. Samples taken from Gdańsk citizens in 1990 contained 1.5 +/- 1.3 micrograms/g of total PCBs on a fat weight basis while the citizens from the province of Skierniewice, sampled in 1979, contained 1.2 +/- 0.4 micrograms/g, which seemed to indicate a persistent PCB exposure in Poland. Among Gdańsk citizens, randomly selected autopsy samples of liver cancer from dead persons contained 4.7 micrograms/g of PCBs, while in all other samples the level was between 0.75 and 1.9 micrograms/g of PCBs. TCDD TEQ of 13 detectable coplanar members of PCBs in adipose tissue of Gdańsk, and Skierniewice inhabitants, was 210 and 190 pg/g on a lipid weight basis, respectively, including 45 and 59 pg/g of non-ortho, 142 and 110 pg/g of mono-ortho and 24 and 16 pg/g of di-ortho chlorobiphenyls. A fingerprint of chlorobiphenyl composition in the samples examined was virtually the same for human adipose tissue taken in 1990 from the coastal city of Gdańsk and in 1979 from the inland province of Skierniewice, in spite of geographic variations and sampling intervals.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1994

Most toxic and highly bioaccumulative PCB congeners in cod-liver oil of Baltic origin processed in Poland during the 1970s and 1980s, their TEQ-values and possible intake.

Five samples of cod-liver oil of Baltic origin, collected between 1971 and 1989, have been analysed for 15 selected polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners including the ten most toxic non-, mono-and di-ortho coplanar, IUPAC nos. 60, 77, 105, 118, 126, 138, 169 and 170 and another five highly bioaccumulative members (IUPAC nos. 28 + 32, 52, 101, 153 and 180). The method of measurement was capillary GC-MS. Cod-liver oils collected in 1971, 1975, 1980, 1985 and 1989 contained 3.0, 2.5, 6.7, 2.9 and 3.1 micrograms g-1 respectively, of selected PCBs (IUPAC nos. 28 + 32, 52, 101, 138, 153 and 180). The concentration of total PCBs in these oils were 8.0, 6.7, 17, 8.0 and 9.5 micrograms g-1, respectively for the years 1971-89, which indicates both persistency and steady state of these pollutants in the Baltic Sea. These cod-liver oils also showed high concentrations of the ten most toxic coplanar PCBs; their TEQ-values (Safe, 1990) were between 900 and 2300 micrograms g-1. 2,3', 4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (IUPAC no. 118), 2,3,3', 4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl (IUPAC no. 105) and 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (IUPAC no. 126) contributed most to the total TEQs of the ten coplanar members, occupying 47, 19 and 17%, respectively (totally 83%). A possible intake of these toxic PCBs from cod-liver oil by children or adults was estimated to be between 4.5 and 35 pg TEQ daily and for total PCBs between 34 and 260 micrograms daily.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Congener-specific data on polychlorinated biphenyls in tissues of common porpoise from Puck Bay, Baltic Sea.

Individual congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), including the highly toxic non-ortho coplanar 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (IUPAC No. 77), 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (IUPAC No. 126), and 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (IUPAC No. 169), and their mono- and di-ortho analogs, have been identified and quantified in the blubber, liver, and muscles of three female common porpoise Phocoena phocoena collected from the Puck Bay (inner Gulf of Gdańsk, Poland) in 1989-1990, to elucidate actual concentrations and toxic potential. The total 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalent for 13 coplanar PCBs in blubber was 1,500 +/- 470 pg/g wet wt. 2,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (IUPAC No. 118) was the most contributing individual and occupied between 57 and 67% in total toxic equivalent of coplanar PCBs in blubber, while 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (IUPAC No. 153), 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl (IUPAC No. 105) and 2,2',3,4,4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (IUPAC No. 138) comprised between 9.5-14, 7.6-11.5, and 7.2-11.0%, respectively (totally 82-95%), and 2,3,3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl (IUPAC No. 156) was absent. A potentially most toxic non-ortho PCB members such as 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl, 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl and 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl were only minor contributors, altogether occupying between 1.0 and 14.5% in total TEQ of coplanar PCBs. Concentrations of total PCBs in lipids of the blubber ranged from 26 to 47 micrograms/g and were comparable or lower than reported earlier for common porpoises from the Baltic Sea, North Sea, and North Atlantic by other authors.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Aberrant hepatic duct connected with the main pancreatic duct by anomalous pancreato-biliary ductal union: case report.

An aberrant hepatic duct directly connected to the main pancreatic duct with anomalous arrangement of the pancreato-biliary ductal system is reported here, the first report of such a case, to our knowledge. A 53-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of cholecystolithiasis with abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) showed that an aberrant hepatic duct, which independently drained the right posterior segment of the liver, connected to the main pancreatic duct at a high insertion site distal to the sphincter area of the major papilla. The common bile duct (containing stones), on the other hand, united with the main pancreatic duct in a normal fashion. Cholecystectomy and bile duct lithotomy were performed. The aberrant hepatic duct was separated from the main pancreatic duct just above the junction, and was anastomosed side-by-side to the common hepatic duct. The embryologic development of this lesion is not clear, but is discussed in this report.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1994

Persistent organochlorine residues in northern fur seal from the Pacific coast of Japan since 1971.

The present study was conducted to determine the residue levels of persistent organochlorines such as PCB homologues, DDT and its metabolites, and HCH isomers in the ventral blubber of female northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) collected off Sanriku, the Pacific coast of northern Japan, since 1971. Among the organochlorines examined, the concentrations of PCBs and DDTs were found to be high in all samples. The residue levels of these two contaminants showed a drastic reduction following maturity and then a slight increase after the retirement from pregnancy/menopause. Temporal variation of PCB and DDT residues showed maximum levels around 1976 and then decreased, whereas HCH residue levels revealed a very slow declining pattern. Considering the concentrations and compositions of the residues, the northern fur seal is likely to be exposed to organochlorine contamination deriving from global terms. In this context, continuous contamination has been foreseen with regard to PCB and HCH residues. The pattern of organochlorine residues indicated that the northern fur seal has higher metabolic capacity than Dall's porpoise, while it is comparable to those of larga seal and Steller sea lion.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Geographical distribution of persistent organochlorines in air, water and sediments from Asia and Oceania, and their implications for global redistribution from lower latitudes.

Persistent organochlorines in air, river water and sediment samples were analysed from eastern and southern Asia (India, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia) and Oceania (Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands) to elucidate their geographical distribution in tropical environment. The concentrations of organochlorines in these abiotic samples collected from Taiwan, Japan and Australia were also monitored for comparison. Atmospheric and hydrospheric concentrations of HCHs (hexachlorocyclohexanes) and DDTs (DDT and its metabolites) in the tropical developing countries were apparently higher than those observed in the developed nations, suggesting extensive usage of these chemicals in the lower latitudes. CHLs (chlordane compounds) and PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) were also occasionally observed at higher levels in the tropics, implying that their usage area is also expanding southward. Distribution patterns of organochlorines in sediments showed smaller spatial variations on global terms, indicating that the chemicals released in the tropical environment are dispersed rapidly through air and water and retained less in sediments. The ratios of organochlorine concentrations in sediment and water phases were positively correlated with the latitude of sampling, suggesting that persistent and semivolatile compounds discharged in the tropics tend to be redistributed on a global scale.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Stability of YACs containing ribosomal or RCP/GCP locus DNA in wild-type S. cerevisiae and RAD mutant strains.

About 2% of human YAC clones, including tandemly repeated segments color vision pigment DNA, ribosomal DNA and alphoid DNA have been reported to be inherently unstable in yeast hosts, producing more stable deletion products. YACs containing color vision red pigment gene DNA or 1.5 rDNA tandem repeat units were transformed into hosts bearing lesions at the RAD1, RAD6, RAD51, or RAD52 loci. YACs susceptible to deletion during outgrowth of wild-type cells (or in preliminary experiments, in RAD6 transformants) were stable for up to 100 generations or more in the other strains. Thus both the RAD1 and RAD51/RAD52 epistatic pathways are apparently involved in the instability of YACs containing tandem repeat loci, presumably during recombination-based deletion formation; and a yeast host disarmed in these pathways will likely maintain YACs intact that are otherwise unstable.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Cervical dural arteriovenous malformation presenting with right-sided occipitalgia: before and after successful treatment by embolization.

We report a 52-year-old man who had a 2-year history of right-sided occipitalgia. His pain was induced by anteroflexion of the neck. Neurologic examinations showed mild right C2 and C3 root signs. Cervical MR imaging disclosed an extra-medullary intradural crooked shadow at the level between C2 and C3 vertebrae, which was proven by selective angiogram of the ascending cervical artery to be a dural arteriovenous malformation located in the right C3 root sleeve. Embolization by an endovascular approach resulted in angiographic and clinical cure. These findings indicate that headache due to arteriovenous malformation in upper cervical region may be surgically treatable.

Angiography↗
PubMed1994

Tissue and subcellular distribution of bound and acid-labile sulfur, and the enzymic capacity for sulfide production in the rat.

The tissue and subcellular distribution in liver and kidney of bound and acid-labile sulfur as well as the enzyme capacity for sulfide production related to the desulfuration pathway were determined in rats. Bound sulfur was widely distributed in tissues and highest in kidney, whereas acid-labile sulfur was highest in heart. Bound sulfur was found primarily in the cytosolic fraction in the form of high molecular weight material in liver, and as both high and low molecular weight material in kidney. Acid-labile sulfur was located in the mitochondrical fraction. Sulfide production capacity from cysteine was greatest in liver cytosol. This capacity was well correlated with the distribution of gamma-cystathionase in tissues and subcellular fractions.

Alkynes↗