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Biomedical subjects

S Takeda

Publications and source records attributed to S Takeda.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Parkinson's disease with involvement of the parasympathetic ganglia.

We report the distribution of Lewy bodies in an 83-year-old man who was diagnosed histopathologically as having Parkinson's disease. Many sections were taken from the brain, spinal cord, spinal dorsal root ganglia and peripheral autonomic systems. In the central nervous system, Lewy bodies were present in many of the areas already reported by previous authors. In the peripheral nervous system, Lewy bodies were present in the sympathetic ganglia, enteric nervous system of the alimentary tract and the submandibular ganglion, which is a peripheral parasympathetic ganglion. The present case indicates that the peripheral parasympathetic ganglia are involved in the disease process of Parkinson's disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Biological monitoring and possible health effects in workers occupationally exposed to methyl methacrylate.

Monitoring by means of blood and urine analysis for methanol was successfully applied in 32 male workers who were exposed to methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer at 6 ppm as a geometric mean and at 112 ppm as the maximum. Measurement of time-weighted average (TWA) intensity of the vapor exposure was successfully conducted with a diffusive sampler with activated carbon cloth as an adsorbent. Methanol concentrations in whole blood, serum, and urine samples were measured by headspace gas chromatography. The methanol concentrations in the three biological samples collected at the end of 8-h workshifts related linearly with the TWA MMA vapor concentrations, with correlation coefficients of 0.8-0.9. Quantitative evaluation of MMA in vapor and of methanol in urine suggests that only 1.5% of MMA inhaled will be excreted in urine as methanol. There were no significant clinical symptoms or abnormal hematological or serum biochemical findings at this exposure level, except that some workers complained throat irritation and frequent cough and sputa. The results indicate that biological monitoring by analysis for methanol is sensitive enough to detect MMA exposure at levels at which no serious health effects are to be expected.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Paw preference in mice: a reappraisal.

Paw preference in three strains (BALB/cA, C57BL/6J, Jcl:ICR) of mice was measured using the method of R. L. Collins (RPE score). We found that a) the patterns of paw preference were not so distinct as in previous studies, b) however, among these three strains, there were some differences in their patterns; namely, slight laterality was found in the C57BL/6J strain (RPE score distribution flattened), although no laterality was found in BALB/cA or Jcl:ICR strain (RPE score distributions bell shaped). These findings differ from those of previous studies. In this study we also propose a simplified method for determining paw preference in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Successful total removal of intramedullary hemangioblastoma from the medulla oblongata.

The case of a large solid hemangioblastoma embedded wholly in the medulla oblongata is reported. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging provided precise indications of the anatomical location and radiologic features of the tumor, which facilitated its total removal by microsurgery. Short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials were monitored throughout the operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Theophylline-induced nociceptive behavioral response in mice: possible indirect interaction with spinal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors.

Intrathecal administration of an adenosine receptor antagonist, theophylline, elicited nociceptive behavior such as licking, biting and scratching in mice. This behavioral response was dose-dependently reduced by simultaneous injection of an adenosine receptor agonist, 5'-N6-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine, or a selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, D-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate. This theophylline-induced behavior was not significantly reduced by the substance P (SP) analogue, the neurokinin receptor antagonist, [D-Arg1, D-Trp7.9, Leu11]SP (spantide). These results suggest the possibility that theophylline-induced nociceptive behavior may be mediated through interactions with both spinal adenosine- and NMDA receptors separately, or only through interaction(s) with adenosine receptors localized on the axon terminals of excitatory amino acid neurons. Present data have failed to reveal involvement of SP.

2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate↗
PubMed1993

Occurrence of capsular polysaccharide/adhesin among clinical isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci.

Clinical isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci were analyzed for elaboration of the capsular polysaccharide/adhesion (PS/A) and extracellular biofilm or slime. Of the 151 analyzed, 103 (68%) produced PS/A and 69 (46%) made extracellular slime; 87% of the slime-producing isolates made PS/A. Among isolates from all clinical infections examined except peritonitis, PS/A-positive isolates bound significantly (P < .001) more colony-forming units after 15 min to 1.5-cm segments of silicone-elastomer catheter than did PS/A-negative isolates. Slime-positive isolates were not more adherent than slime-negative isolates, because 42% of the PS/A-positive isolates were slime-negative. Thus, PS/A expression is common among clinical isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci, accounting for most slime-positive and a proportion of slime-negative isolates.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1993

Purification of a GTP-binding protein localized in mitochondria.

A particulate fraction consisting of heavy organelles such as nuclei and mitochondria was prepared from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. From this fraction we have purified a GTP-binding protein with a molecular mass of 33 kDa (MTG33) by guanidine hydrochloride extraction followed by four steps of column chromatography. The Kd value of MTG33 for GTP was 17 nM. [alpha-32P]GTP-binding to MTG33 was inhibited by GTP and GDP, but not appreciably by ATP, CTP, UTP, or GMP. MTG33 hydrolyzed GTP to GDP at a rate of 4.5 mmol/min/mol protein. Subcellular fractionation analysis of mouse liver revealed that the heavy mitochondrial fraction contained the highest level of MTG33. Furthermore, dual immunofluorescence examination indicated that the staining of NIH 3T3 cells with anti-MTG33 antibody is coincident with the distribution of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase. Of the mouse organs examined, the heart contained the highest level of MTG33. These results strongly suggest that MTG33 is a GTP-binding protein located in mitochondria.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1993

Loss of VLA-2 collagen receptor in breast carcinoma, facilitating invasion and metastasis.

The integrin VLA-2 as a collagen receptor and VLA-5 as a fibronectin receptor were detected immunohistochemically in normal, benign tumor and carcinoma tissues of the breast. Both proteins were also detected by Western-blot analysis in some carcinoma cases. Epithelial and myoepithelial cells of both normal breast and benign tumor were in all cases immunoreactive for VLA-2 in the plasma membrane. Carcinoma cells in the invasive component were not immunoreactive for VLA-2 in 31 (46%) of 67 cases. Carcinoma cells in the intraductal components were negative for VLA-2 in only 4 (11%) of 36 cases, while 20 cases (56%) showed weak expression and 12 cases (33%) showed strong expression. Metastatic carcinoma cells in the lymph nodes of 6 cases showed no immunoreactivity except in one case, whereas, again with the exception of one case, the carcinoma cells in the primary tumors did show VLA-2 expression. With regard to VLA-5, there was no difference in its expression in the invasive components and the intraductal components. These findings suggest that the loss of VLA-2 plays a role in the invasion and metastasis of breast carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A role of VLA-6 laminin receptor in invasion of breast carcinoma.

The integrin VLA-6 as a laminin receptor and laminin as a ligand for laminin receptor were detected immunohistochemically in normal, benign tumor and carcinoma tissues of the breast. Epithelial cells of both normal breast and benign tumor were in almost all cases strongly immunoreactive for VLA-6 in the plasma membrane. Carcinoma cells in 34 of 70 cases (49%) with an invasive component were not immunoreactive for VLA-6, and no carcinoma cells showed strong positivity. Although carcinoma cells in only four of 51 cases (8%) with intraductal components were negative for VLA-6, 37 cases (72%) showed weak expression of VLA-6 and 10 cases (20%) showed strong expression of VLA-6. A concordant expression of VLA-6 on carcinoma cells and laminin around carcinoma cell nests with an invasive component was observed, and VLA-6 expression in carcinoma cells was correlated to tubular formation in carcinoma cell nests as an indicator of differentiation. These findings suggest that loss of VLA-6 plays a role in the invasion of breast carcinoma, and that VLA-6 laminin receptor and laminin may contribute to tubular differentiation of breast carcinoma cells.

Breast Diseases↗
PubMed1993

Distribution of laminin, type IV collagen and fibronectin in the invasive component of breast carcinoma.

Laminin, type IV collagen and fibronectin were examined immunohistochemically in the invasive component of breast carcinomas. Laminin was expressed around the invasive carcinoma cell nests in 38 (54%) of 71 cases. Immunoreactivity for type IV collagen was observed around the invasive carcinoma cell nests or the stroma apart from carcinoma cells in 44 (80%) of 55 cases. Fibronectin was strongly expressed in the stroma only in 75 (99%) of 76 cases. The expression of laminin significantly correlated with tubular formation in the invasive carcinoma cell nests and showed a tendency to be correlative to estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) of carcinoma tissue, but no correlation among laminin expression, histological type, the age of patients, tumor size and lymph node metastasis was noted. Type IV collagen and fibronectin did not correlate to any clinicopathological factors such as histological type, grade of differentiation, the age of patients, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, ER and PgR status. No concordant expression of these extracellular matrices was seen.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

Myxoma of the breast: report of a case with unique histological and immunohistochemical appearances.

A case of myxoma of the breast is reported. The patient, a 19 year old Japanese woman, showed a lump in the left breast which had enlarged gradually over 3 years. A tumor measuring 5 x 5 x 4.5 cm was located mainly in the mammary parenchyma, but partially involved the overlying subcutaneous tissue. Histologically the tumor was multinodular and each nodule consisted of an abundant myxoid substance with a few spindle or stellate mesenchymal cells. The presence of hyaluronic acid was observed in the myxoid area, and a few constituent cells showed immunoreactivities for S-100 protein and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. Electron microscopic studies revealed that some constituent cells looked like undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, while others showed a differentiation similar to fibroblast or histiocyte. These findings suggest that the constituent cells might derive from totipotential primitive mesenchymal cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Isolation and characterization of transposon mutants of Staphylococcus epidermidis deficient in capsular polysaccharide/adhesin and slime.

We used transposon (Tn) mutagenesis to study the role of capsular polysaccharide/adhesin (PS/A) and slime in adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis to catheters. pLTV1, containing Tn917-LTV1, was transformed into S. epidermidis M187 by protoplast fusion with S. aureus RN4220(pLTV1), creating M187(pLTV1). Tn mutants were isolated following growth at 42 degrees C; mutants deficient in PS/A and slime production were selected. PS/A- and slime-deficient Tn mutants had a 10-fold decrease in vitro in the initial phase of adherence to catheters, comparable to levels of strains that do not produce PS/A. Introduction of Tn917-LTV1-interrupted DNA from PS/A-deficient mutant M187sn3 into the parental strain via transformation of protoplasts yielded recipients with inserts identical to those of the Tn mutant that were PS/A and slime deficient. Chromosomal DNA flanking the Tn in mutant M187sn3 was cloned into Escherichia coli. The cloned DNA was found to hybridize to approximately 5-kb EcoRI fragments from the parental strain and from control Tn mutants that express parental levels of PS/A and to either approximately 9- or approximately 14-kb EcoRI fragments from other highly adherent, PS/A-producing strains. Mapping studies demonstrated that in the eight PS/A-deficient mutants that have been isolated, the Tn insertions all occur within a region of approximately 11.6 kb that is defined by three EcoRI sites. These results support previous findings indicating that in S. epidermidis PS/A is involved with in vitro adherence to plastic biomaterials and elaboration of PS/A is closely associated with slime production.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1993

Effects of in vitro and in vivo growth conditions on expression of type 8 capsular polysaccharide by Staphylococcus aureus.

Type 8 capsular polysaccharide (CP8) is widely prevalent among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, but the role that the capsule plays in the pathogenesis of staphylococcal infections is unclear. This study was performed to identify growth conditions that would optimize the production of CP8 and to determine whether enhanced CP8 expression would influence staphylococcal virulence. S. aureus Becker grown in a chemically defined broth medium with < 1 microM ferric nitrate produced up to eightfold more CP8 per milligram of biomass than did bacteria cultivated in the same medium containing 20 microM ferric nitrate. The bacteria produced > 350-fold more cell-associated CP8 per milligram of biomass when grown on the surface of Columbia agar than when grown in Columbia broth. Most of the CP8 produced by broth-grown cells was secreted into the culture medium. S. aureus cultivated on the surface of nitrocellulose membranes floating on Columbia broth produced levels of CP8 similar to those produced by cells grown on Columbia agar. Similarly, bacteria harvested from endocardial vegetations of rabbits infected with S. aureus produced high levels of CP8. These results indicate that staphylococci grown on surfaces, both in vitro and in vivo, produce larger quantities of cell-associated CP8 than those grown in liquid cultures. However, no differences were observed in the 50% lethal dose for mice of strain Becker grown on solid medium (high levels of capsule expression) or in liquid medium (low levels of capsule expression).

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Iodine-induced hypothyroidism in patients on regular dialysis treatment.

Hypothyroidism with a serum concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) above 40 microU/ml was noted in 3 (3.2%) of 93 patients on regular hemodialysis or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. These 3 patients had no history of thyroid disease and were receiving no medication known to influence thyroid function. They had habitually eaten iodine-rich foods and showed an enlarged thyroid gland with a preserved radioactive iodine uptake and a markedly elevated serum inorganic iodine (II) level. In all 3 patients, both thyroidal microsomal antibody and thyroglobulin antibody titers measured by hemagglutination methods were less than 100, and TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin was negative. Moreover, histologically no lymphocytic infiltrations were observed. With only iodine restriction, serum TSH level markedly decreased from 44.6 to 3.6 microU/ml in case 1, from 90.6 to 3.2 microU/ml in case 2 and from 43.2 to 9.4 microU/ml in case 3 in parallel with decreases in the serum II level. These results suggest that at least in an area like Japan, where the daily intake of iodine is high, iodine-induced hypothyroidism may be induced in patients undergoing regular dialysis treatment even in the absence of apparent underlying thyroid disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Immune complexes from immunized mice and infected cystic fibrosis patients mediate murine and human T cell killing of hybridomas producing protective, opsonic antibody to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

We examined the basis for the absence in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients of opsonic antibodies to the mucoid exopolysaccharide (MEP) antigen surrounding Pseudomonas aeruginosa that infect these patients. Opsonic antibodies to MEP are found in sera of the minority of CF patients that remain noncolonized into the second to fourth decades of life and protect rodents from chronic P. aeruginosa endobronchial infections. High titers of nonopsonic antibodies to MEP are found in P. aeruginosa-infected CF patients. Immunization of mice with doses of MEP that provoke only nonopsonic antibodies elicited CD3+, CD8+, T cell receptor alpha beta receptor+, major histocompatibility complex-unrestricted cytotoxic lymphocytes specific for hybridoma cells producing opsonic but not nonopsonic antibodies. Cytotoxicity was dependent on immune complexes on the surface of the T cells. Normal murine T cells could be activated by concanavalin A and sensitized with immune complexes for cytotoxic killing of hybridoma targets. CF patients infected with P. aeruginosa had serum immune complexes that sensitized concanavalin A-activated human T cells to kill murine hybridoma cells producing opsonic but not nonopsonic antibody. These results could explain the absence in infected CF patients of MEP-specific opsonins, an occurrence that accompanies the persistence of this infectious state.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Inhibition of SV40 DNA replication in vitro by chlorpromazine.

We examined the inhibitory effect of chlorpromazine, a phenothiazine derivative, on SV40 DNA replication in a HeLa cell extract. The inhibition by chlorpromazine was reversed by cardiolipin, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylserine. Studies on a staged reaction showed that the pre-elongation step was sensitive to chlorpromazine: chlorpromazine-resistant DNA synthesis was observed when the drug was added after the pre-elongation step. Analysis of replication products by agarose gel electrophoresis revealed that some steps of DNA chain elongation and maturation of closed circular forms were also sensitive to this drug.

Chlorpromazine↗
PubMed1993

Studies on cytochrome P450 responsible for oxidative metabolism of imipramine in human liver microsomes.

The activity of imipramine 2-hydroxylase highly correlated with that of desipramine 2-hydroxylase but not with that of desipramine N-demethylase. The correlation was also found between N-demethylation and 2-hydroxylation when imipramine was used as a substrate, whereas no correlation was observed between them when desipramine was used in place of imipramine. Both activities of desipramine and imipramine 2-hydroxylase were markedly inhibited by quinidine but not by quinine. Although the activity of imipramine N-demethylase was slightly inhibited by both quinidine and quinine, the activity of desipramine N-demethylase was unaffected under the same conditions. The activity of imipramine N-demethylase was roughly correlated with the amounts of P450 3A4 immunochemically determined and the activities of testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylase in human liver microsomes. The P450 3A4 catalyzed imipramine N-demethylation much more efficiently than 2-hydroxylation in a reconstituted system, whereas neither N-demethylation nor 2-hydroxylation of desipramine was catalyzed by P450 3A4. The activity of imipramine N-demethylase was inhibited, to various extents, by anti-P450 3A4 antibodies in human liver microsomes. Taking together these and other results, it is suggested that P450 3A4, other than P450 2Cmp, also partly contributes to N-demethylation of imipramine, depending on human liver microsomes.

Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors↗