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Biomedical subjects

S Takai

Publications and source records attributed to S Takai.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Carcinoma of the colon in children: report of a case and review of the literature.

Carcinoma of the colon seen in an 11-year-old boy is reported herein. The patient had advanced carcinoma of the ascending colon and died 8 months after an ileo-transversostomy had been performed as a palliative procedure. Histologically, the tumor was found to be signet-ring cell carcinoma. 29 cases of colon carcinoma reported in Japanese children under 15 years of age are also reviewed. In 19 of these patients, surgery was done as an elective procedure after the diagnosis of colon cancer had been established, but emergency surgery was performed on 10 patients for perforation or obstruction of the bowel. Curative resection was possible in 14 patients, but of these, only 3 patients survived for more than 10 years.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1988

Loss of alleles at loci on chromosome 13 in human primary gastric cancers.

Mitotic events leading to the loss of the normal allele corresponding to a mutated gene are important for tumorigenesis in rare heritable tumors such as retinoblastoma and Wilms tumor. As reported for both colorectal and breast cancers, some common tumors seem to develop because of the same mitotic events. We examined constitutional and tumor genotypes defined by polymorphic DNA clones in 36 patients with gastric cancer. In 14 cases, constitutional heterozygosity at loci on chromosome 13 had been lost. Loss of alleles was also detected at a locus on chromosome 18 in two cases and at a locus on chromosome 17 in one case. The frequent loss of alleles at loci on chromosome 13 (41%) suggests that elimination of genes on this chromosome may be of importance in the tumorigenesis of human primary gastric cancers.

Alleles↗
PubMed1988

D10S20, a previously unmapped RFLP (OS-3), is located on 10q near D10S4.

The locus recognized by the probe OS-3 is assigned to chromosome 10 both by Southern blot analysis of a panel of somatic cell hybrid DNAs and by genetic linkage to markers already assigned to chromosome 10. In Caucasians this probe recognizes a three-allele TaqI RFLP as well as two-allele BanII and RsaI RFLPs which are both in strong linkage disequilibrium with each other and with the TaqI RFLP. The D10S20 locus defined by this probe maps 5.5 cM distal to D10S4 on the long arm of chromosome 10. Because this human clone hybridizes with mouse genomic DNA, it will be useful in comparative mapping studies.

Alleles↗
PubMed1988

Mechanism of stimulation of DNA synthesis induced by epinephrine in primary culture of adult rat hepatocytes.

Addition of epinephrine to primary cultured adult rat hepatocytes stimulated their DNA synthesis dose-dependently, especially in presence of insulin and epidermal growth factor. This effect of epinephrine was strongly inhibited by an alpha 1-antagonist, prazosin, but not by a beta-antagonist, propranolol, and was also slightly inhibited by an alpha 2-antagonist, yohinbin. These results indicate that the stimulation of DNA synthesis of hepatocytes by epinephrine is mediated predominantly by an alpha 1-action. 12-o-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or Ca2+-ionophore A-23187 stimulated DNA synthesis of Swiss 3T3 cells, but did not induce DNA synthesis of hepatocytes either singly or in combination. The fact that pretreatment of hepatocytes with TPA caused down-regulation of the stimulatory effect of epinephrine on DNA synthesis of hepatocytes within 15 min suggested that the effect of epinephrine on hepatocytes is mediated by its alpha 1 receptor and that TPA activated protein kinase c in the hepatocytes. Addition of dibutyryl cGMP did not induce DNA synthesis of hepatocytes. Therefore, the alpha 1-action of epinephrine that induce stimulation of DNA synthesis of primary cultured adult rat hepatocytes was apparently not mediated by either activation of phospholipid-dependent protein kinase or Ca2+ mobilization. Possible alternative mechanism was discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

A simple and useful method for simultaneous screening of elevated levels of expression of a variety of oncogenes in malignant cells.

Abnormal expression of various oncogenes has been implicated in the development of many malignant tumors. Although RNA blotting methods have been used to measure abnormal expression, they involve the time-consuming process of individually labeling the oncogene probes. To simplify this process we have attempted to develop a new method, termed simultaneous screening, which is based on the synthesis of radiolabeled cDNA corresponding to the mRNA population of malignant cells and on hybridization with various oncogene probes, immobilized on a membrane filter. This method circumvents the time-consuming process of the prevailing RNA blotting methods and is also sensitive enough to detect accurately a five- to ten-fold level of expression of rare mRNA (approximately 10 copies per cell). Overexpression of ten oncogenes was detected in a variety of malignant cells and mitogen-stimulated cells with this method. These results suggest that our simultaneous screening method can be used to examine the overexpression of oncogenes.

DNA↗
PubMed1988

Mapping of antigenic domains of Sendai virus nucleocapsid protein expressed in Escherichia coli.

Several nonoverlapping epitopes were mapped on the primary sequence of the Sendai virus NP protein. After a complete cDNA clone of the Sendai virus NP gene was expressed in Escherichia coli, deletion constructs were used to generate a series of overlapping NP fragments deleted at their C termini. Immunoblot analyses with 11 monoclonal antibodies identified four antigenic sites. All of these sites resided in the C-terminal half of NP and were also the only sites detected with a polyclonal serum. These findings confirm and extend the evidence that the C terminus of the NP protein represents the domain exposed on the surface of the nucleocapsid. One of the monoclonal antibodies reacted with a site, comprising only 6 amino acids, lying with a hinge between an alpha-helix and a beta-strand in the predicted secondary structure of NP. Since this antibody is a potent inhibitor of in vitro viral RNA synthesis (K. L. Deshpande and A. Portner, Virology 139:32-42, 1984), the epitope may be critical to the flexibility of the NP molecule that makes the RNA template accessible during RNA synthesis.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

Anti asialo GM1 antibody detected in the patients' sera from systemic lupus erythematosus and Behçet's diseases with neurological manifestations.

A high incidence of antibody to asialo GM1 was observed in the sera from the patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Behçet's disease with neurological manifestations, using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and Thin-layer Chromatography (TLC) immunostaining. The sera from 60 out of 102 cases of SLE with neurological disorders and 6 out of 10 patients with neuro Behçet's disease showed antibody activity against asialo GM1 but not against the asialo GM2, GM1 and galactocerebroside. In 7 out of 123 cases SLE having a history without neurological manifestations and 1 out of 19 Behçet's patients without neurological disorders, antiasialo GM1 antibody could be detectable. However, sera from the patients with other autoimmune diseases, such as RA (60 cases) and P S S (32 cases) or from normal subjects did not show any antibody activity against asialo GM1. Antiasialo GM1 antibody activity presents in both IgM and IgG immunoglobulin classes by class specific ELISA and TLC immunostaining. These studies suggest that detection of antiasialo GM1 antibody may be useful in clinical diagnosis and these autoantibody plays a important role in the pathogenesis of neurological manifestations accompanying SLE and Neuro-Behçet's disease.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1988

Loss of genes on the long arm of chromosome 22 in human meningiomas.

It has been proposed that loss of genes at specific chromosomal loci leads to tumorigenesis in some human tumors. This type of oncogenesis was first demonstrated in retinoblastoma and Wilms' tumor. Recently, it has been reported that acoustic neuroma, ductal breast tumor, and renal cell carcinoma may be caused by the same mechanism. Cytogenetic studies demonstrated that some meningiomas have monosomy of chromosome 22. In addition, human meningiomas are often associated with bilateral acoustic neuroma in which specific loss of alleles on chromosome 22 has been demonstrated. Then, we compared constitutional and tumor genotypes from 14 cases of sporadic human meningiomas, using four polymorphic DNA probes on chromosome 22 (SIS, D22S1, D22S9, IGLC). Loss of constitutional heterozygosity was found in three of 11 informative cases. Two of the three meningiomas maintained constitutional heterozygosity at the IGLC locus and another one showed no loss of heterozygosity at IGLC or D22S9. These results suggest that loss of genes on chromosome 22 caused by either a partial deletion or a mitotic recombination at a locus distal to D22S9 plays an important role in tumorigenesis of the human meningioma.

Chromosome Deletion↗
PubMed1988

[Stromal sarcoma of the breast following augmentation mammoplasty--a case report].

A case of a stromal sarcoma of the breast that developed after augmentation mammoplasty is presented. A 55-year-old woman, who had received mammoplasty twenty years earlier, was referred to our hospital due to a mass in her left breast. A diagnosis of myxoid sarcoma was determined by an incisional biopsy and a radical mastectomy was performed. A pathological specimen, however, revealed the mass to be a stromal sarcoma because of its metaplastic heterogeneous elements, such as bone, cartilage, and muscle. We also present previous cases, and discuss the matter of diagnosis and therapy.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1987

A variant Burkitt-type translocation (2p-;8q+) in a patient with diffuse large cell lymphoma.

A case of diffuse large cell lymphoma with t(2p-;8q+) is reported. Immunologically the lymphoma cells were shown to be of B-cell origin and positive for surface gamma and kappa chains, B4, CALLA, and Ia1 markers. Karyotypically three major clones were detected: 47,XX, + 12,t(2;8)(p11-13;q24) (52%); 47,XX, + 12 (26%); and 46,XX,t(2;8)(p11-13;q24) (15%). A t(2p-;8q +) has been exclusively reported in cases of Burkitt's lymphoma or Burkitt-type acute lymphocytic leukemia. The present case is the first one with t(2p-;8q +) observed in non-Burkitt-type lymphoid malignancy of the B-cell lineage. The t(2p-;8q +) may play a primary role in the early stage of transformation of B cells, and trisomy 12 may provide them secondarily with an advantage for tumor progression. The phenotypic pictures provided by 8q24 rearrangements seem to be heterogeneous, as previously suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Ecology of Rhodococcus equi in horses and their environment on horse-breeding farms.

Quantitative culture of R. equi in the feces of dams and foals, in the air of the stalls and in the soil of the paddocks was carried out on three horse-breeding farms during the foaling season. The isolation rates of R. equi from the feces of dams from the 3 farms suddenly increased to approximately 80% at the end of March, when the snow in the paddocks finished melting, and remained at that level during April and May. The mean number of R. equi and the isolation rate of R. equi from the feces of dams on the farms were investigated for 5 weeks before and 5 weeks after delivery. During the 10 weeks, there were no differences in the isolation rate or in the mean number of R. equi from the feces of dams. R. equi was first isolated from the feces of the foals born in February and the middle of March at 3-4 weeks of age, on the other hand, it was first isolated from the feces of foals born in the end of March and April at 1-2 weeks of age. The number of R. equi in the soil collected from the paddocks used by dams during the winter was approximately 10(2)-10(4) g-1 of soil during the experiment. R. equi was isolated from the air in the stalls at the end of March and the number of R. equi in the air increased particularly on dry and windy days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Actinomycetales Infections↗
PubMed1987

Humoral immune response of foals to experimental infection with Rhodococcus equi.

Humoral immune response to Rhodococcus equi in experimentally infected foals was studied with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Class-specific antibodies were measured by ELISA in the sera of foals after intratracheal or oral inoculation with R. equi ATCC 6939 or T 48 and in the lung washings of a foal after intratracheal inoculation or of normal horses. After intratracheal or oral inoculation with R. equi, serum antibodies were first detected in immunoglobulin G (IgG) followed by IgM and IgA classes, but significant levels of IgM and IgA developed only in the foal infected intratracheally with R. equi T 48. Only the foal infected intratracheally with T 48 developed pneumonia. Anti-R. equi IgG and IgA antibodies appeared in lung washings of the intratracheally infected foal. There were differences in the antibody response to R. equi among the intratracheally infected foals, the orally infected foal and the naturally infected foal. These results suggest that the humoral immune response to R. equi may be affected by the type of R. equi strain and the route and extent of R. equi exposure.

Actinomycetales Infections↗
PubMed1987

Analysis of steroid 21-hydroxylase gene in five unrelated Japanese patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency.

DNA samples from five unrelated Japanese patients with 21-hydroxylase (21-OHase) deficiency were studied by Southern analysis using human 21-OHase cDNA. Patterns seen after digestion with not only TaqI but also KpnI showed that two out of the five patients were homozygous for a deletion of the 21-OHase B gene. This result supports the report that the 21-OHase B gene is functional. In the other three, smaller mutations might be responsible for the disorder. The parents of one of the two patients with the deletion had a common ancestor. Hybridization patterns of DNA from members of the family of the patient were consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance of the deletion that correlates with the clinical phenotype. The deletion segregated with HLA-Aw 24; Bw 61; Cw 3. Heterozygous carriers of 21-OHase deficiency could be detected by comparing the patterns as well as the HLA haplotypes in this family. The application of the family study to the prenatal diagnosis is also discussed.

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital↗
PubMed1987

[MEN-2, a dominantly inherited neoplasia].

MEN-2 is a syndrome which is characterized by association of medullary thyroid carcinoma with pheochromocytoma. This syndrome is transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion with very high penetrance. Linkage analysis of the kindreds at high risk and comparison of leukocytes- and tumor-DNAs of the patients using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) will be useful to find out the locus of the gene which predisposes to the syndrome. The environment factors play little role in the tumorigenesis in MEN-2.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗