Congenital toxoplasmosis: clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic considerations, with special reference to subclinical disease.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S Stagno.
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The prevalence of toxoplasma infection was studied in 850 healthy children (550 newborn infants and 300 children aged 6 months to 14 years) from a population of low socioeconomic status in Santiago, Chile. Antibodies were detected in 49% of the serum samples in children at birth and in 0% at 6 months, 2% at 1 year, 10% at 2 years, 22% at 4 years, and 32% at 6 years of age, and in 48% of the children aged 7-14 years. In order to determine the rate of infection and associated epidemiological factors, 50 seronegative infants aged 6 months were followed up; 11% and 14% of them showed seroconversion after 1 and 2 years, respectively. The results suggest a significant association between infection and the ingestion of raw or undercooked meat. The role of cats and vectors such as flies and cockroaches in the transmission of infection could not be determined owing to the commonness of these two sources in relation to the small number of subjects studied.
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Cytomegalovirus is the most common cause of congenital and perinatal viral infections throughout the world. Congenital infection occurs in 1% of all live births in developed countries and in an even higher percentage in developing nations. As a result of transmission during birth, by breast milk, and by blood transfusion, perinatal infections are much more prevalent than congenital infections. The vast majority of these infections are chronic, subclinical forms, but symptomatic infections are sufficiently prevalent and dangerous to represent a major unsolved public health problem throughout the world. In this review the epidemiologic, clinical, immunologic, and therapeutic facets of cytomegaloviral infections in pregnant women and their offspring will be discussed.
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