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Biomedical subjects

S Snyder

Publications and source records attributed to S Snyder.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

MMPI characteristics of the DSM-III borderline personality disorder.

This study explored the characteristics of the Borderline Personality Disorder classification, specified in DSM-III. MMPI profiles of 29 male veteran inpatients with a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder were compared with the profiles of 26 similar inpatients with diagnoses of other personality disorders. The borderline group had higher elevations (p less than .05) on six of the 13 standard MMPI scales. Analyses showed the borderline profiles to be of a significantly higher elevation but no different in either profile shape or dispersion. A discriminant analysis accounted for 43.7% of the variance and correctly classified 78.2% of the patients. Results are discussed in terms of possible explanations for the high F scores of the borderline group. Implications regarding characteristics of the Borderline Personality Disorder are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Alprazolam in older depressed inpatients.

Alprazolam, a triazolobenzodiazepine first developed as an anxiolytic, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of depression in several comparison studies with tricyclic antidepressants. This open label study examined the efficacy and safety of alprazolam in patients aged 56-78. Of 18 patients with evaluable data, 12 were responders (improvement greater than or equal to 50% on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale); 4 patients were partial responders (HAM-D improvement of 25%-49%); and 2 patients were nonresponders. Initial drowsiness was the only side effect observed.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Bupropion in depression: a tri-center placebo-controlled study.

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, variable-dose study of 59 hospitalized nonpsychotic depressed patients, bupropion was significantly (p less than .05 to less than .001) more effective than placebo on measures of depression, anxiety, and global improvement. Statistically significant drug-placebo differences appeared as early as day 5 of treatment and increased on subsequent assessments. In an evaluation of Baseline X Treatment interactions, bupropion was particularly more effective than placebo in those patients with more severe depression. Placebo and bupropion groups had similar frequencies and severity of side effects. Laboratory data showed minimal differences between the two treatments. The most common adverse experience was mild dry mouth (20% of patients). Compared to placebo, bupropion was found to be effective in the treatment of depression and to have a favorable safety profile.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Identifying the depressive border of the borderline personality disorder.

The relationship between depression and borderline disorder is unclear. Using standardized observer- and subject-rated scales for depression, the authors compared patients satisfying DSM-III criteria for borderline personality disorder and dysthymic disorder. The two groups did not differ on depression as defined by the scales; however, there was a substantial intergroup difference on certain characteristics of the depression spectrum thought empirically to be associated more often with the borderline patient. The depth and quality of the depression of the borderline patient may largely overlap with that of the dysthymic patient, but it also possesses features that make it qualitatively distinct.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

MMPI profile of DSM-III borderline personality disorder.

The authors compared the MMPI profile of 26 patients with DSM-III borderline personality disorder with than of 19 patients with dysthymic disorder. The clinical scales on which the borderline patients scored highest were psychasthenia and schizophrenia, but discriminant function analyses indicated that the L and F validity scales provided the model that best discriminated between the borderline and dysthymic groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Serotoninergic agents in the treatment of isolated sleep paralysis.

The authors report three cases of isolated sleep paralysis controlled by L-tryptophan with or without amitriptyline. Both agents increase CNS 5-hydroxytryptamine availability, whereas imipramine, which was ineffective in the one case in which it was tried, affects predominantly norepinephrine reuptake.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Abnormalities of cerebral oxidative metabolism in animal models of Parkinson disease.

Abnormalities of cerebral oxidative metabolism were investigated in "animal models" of Parkinson disease by in situ optical measurements of local cerebral blood volume and cytochrome oxidase redox shifts in rats two weeks after unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the substantia nigra with or without interruption of ascending noradrenergic pathways. The data demonstrate oxidative metabolic dysfunction of ipsilateral cerebral hemispheres caused by lesions that involve both dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems but not when dopaminergic neurons only are affected. We speculate that the dementia of Parkinson disease may be more prevalent when degeneration of catecholaminergic systems is widespread and not restricted to the dopaminergic system.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Acute effects of disulfiram on anxiety levels of chronic alcoholics.

30 male alcoholics, who were anxious by clinical research standards, received either disulfiram (250 mg) or placebo daily for 1 week. There are claims that disulfiram has a sedative effect and that this has some useful antianxiety action, but this had not been tested in a controlled manner. There were no significant differences in the mean changes between the disulfiram and placebo groups as determined by any of the tests used. Both the Zung self-rating anxiety scale and the anxiety scale of the profile of mood states indicated ( p less than 0.05) that those receiving disulfiram were extreme reactors as compared to the placebo group; those receiving disulfiram either became more anxious or experienced the most improvement. The study suggests that disulfiram may selectively relieve or increase the anxiety level of subgroups of subjects, but does not delineate a predictor response.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effects of disulfiram on the sleep of chronic alcoholics.

Thirty male alcoholic inpatients received in a random double-blind design placebo (P) or disulfiram 250 mg. (D) at bedtime in order to evaluate the effects of the latter on EEG-EOG sleep patterns. Subjects (S's) had no major medical illness and required no medication for 3 weeks prior to the study. There were 13 disulfiram S's and 17 placebo S's. The total REM time decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) in the D group. Total number of REM episodes decreased and latency to stage 1 REM increased in the disulfiram group. These results are characteristic of sleep patterns induced by the administration of catecholaminergics and opposite to those induced by catecholamine inhibiting agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Disulfiram and nocturnal penile tumescence in the chronic alcoholic.

Thirty male sober alcoholic inpatients received placebo or disulfiram in a random double-blind design in order to evaluate the effects of disulfiram on nocturnal penile tumescence. The amount and frequency of full erections were decreased in the cohort receiving disulfiram. Implications of these results for the role of norepinephrine in penile tumescence are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Trichotillomania treated wih amitriptyline.

A case of trichotillomania (compulsive hair pulling) in a young adult is presented. The patient was treated with amitriptyline in progressively increasing dosage, with marked improvement in her symptoms. Amitriptyline has a pharmacological spectrum of action analogous to chlorimipramine, a medication with reputed effectiveness in severe compulsive behaviors. Thus, a rationale for the use of amitriptyline in this and related disorders evolves.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Infiltrative lipoma in dogs.

Infiltrative lipomas, similar to those described in man, were diagnosed in 12 dogs of various breeds, sexes, and ages. The neoplasms were poorly delineated, soft enlargements in muscle and connective tissue that caused dysfunction because of mechanical interference or pressure pain. The neoplasms consisted of differentiated fat cells that had infiltrated between or replaced muscle, collagen fibers or both. Single or multiple recurrences followed surgical removal in four of eight dogs: no follow-up was possible in the other four.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Amitriptyline therapy of obsessive-compulsive neurosis.

Substantial improvement in 2 patients with obsessive-compulsive neurosis resulted from the administration of amitriptyline. No other pharmacologic or psychologic intervention had previously been effective in these patients. This tricyclic antidepressant has a pharmacologic spectrum of action very similar to chlorimipramine. Both drugs cause significant impairment in serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) reuptake. Evidence for a relative deficit in the central availability of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in obsessive-compulsive phenomena is presented and a rationale for the use of these agents evolves.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Fluphenazine jaundice. Report of a case.

The management of an agitated schizophrenic was complicated by the onset of severe hepatocellular dysfunction concomitant with the administration of fluphenazine, a drug which has rarely been implicated in phenothiazine jaundice. Since neuroleptics did lead to a dramatic improvement, the patient was treated with an antipsychotic from an alternative drug class. The differential diagnosis, approach to management and natural history are presented, along with a brief review of phenothiazine jaundice, with special emphasis on fluphenazine.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Oligodendrocyte staining by multiple sclerosis serum is nonspecific.

The immunofluorescent staining properties of 65 serum samples from 54 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), 63 samples from 55 patients with other neurological diseases (OND), and sera from 14 healthy normal individuals were examined on frozen sections of bovine and human brain. When tested on bovine brain sections, positive oligodendrocyte staining was present in 63% of MS sera, 43% of OND sera, and 29% of normal sera. The percentages were lower with human brain tissue. Astrocyte and myelin staining was common. F(ab')2 fragments purified from selected positive and negative MS and control sera gave no staining, though IgG fractions from the same sera prior to pepsin digestion gave positive staining. When tested against antihuman IgM and IgA conjugates, the same positive sera and their IgG-depleted globulin fractions gave minimal or no staining. These results indicate that oligodendrocyte staining is not specific for MS, is not due to specific antibody, and is probably the result of nonspecific binding to Fc receptors.

Animals↗