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Biomedical subjects

S Snyder

Publications and source records attributed to S Snyder.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Challenges of research with the borderline patient.

Clinical research of the borderline personality disorder can be difficult and challenging for the investigator. The core psychopathology and characteristic defense mechanisms of the borderline research subject often make the completion of research protocols with these patients problematic. The researcher may also be plagued by issues of 'classical' and 'total' countertransference. Psychopharmacologic investigations are especially likely to bring these issues to the forefront. Some of the psychologic challenges in completing research with the borderline patient, with special emphasis on psychopharmacologic investigations, are reviewed.

Borderline Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1986

Pseudologia fantastica in the borderline patient.

An infrequently described clinical feature sometimes associated with borderline personality disorder is pseudologia fantastica, or pathological lying. The author describes four cases of pseudologia fantastica in borderline patients. Clinical, forensic, and treatment implications of this disorder are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of self-rated and observer-rated scales in DSM-III borderline personality disorder.

The relationship of self-rated to observer-rated scales has been infrequently studied in patients with DSM-III defined borderline personality disorder. This study was designed to determine a) the amount of correlation between these two types of rating scales in borderline patients and b) whether borderline patients scored significantly higher than dysthymic controls on self or observer-rated scales. Results indicated that self-rated scale scores were higher within the borderline group. Self and observer-rated scales were highly correlated within the borderline group. Borderline patients did not differ from controls when scores of self and observer-rated scales were compared between groups. The relationship of these results to previous findings was equivocal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

MMPI critical item characteristics of the DSM-III borderline personality disorder.

This study attempted to distinguish the borderline personality disorder (BPD) from other personality disorders (OPD) on the basis of the Lachar and Wrobel critical item list. Seventy-five male psychiatric inpatients with diagnoses fitting DSM-III criteria for BPD and OPD and ranging in age from 24 to 47 years completed the MMPI. Lachar's critical item set, composed of 111 items taken from the MMPI, was then selected from each of the 75 subjects' response items. BPD and OPD patients significantly differed on only the Lachar Substance Abuse subscale. Implications of this study are discussed with regard to the concept that personality structure involves a continuum of psychopathology. The Lachar critical item list provided support for drug abuse as part of the diagnostic criteria for BPD and displayed promise for identifying areas of psychopathology on which treatment may be focused.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Characterizing anger in the DSM-III borderline personality disorder.

Anger has traditionally been described as the most intense and prevalent affect in the borderline patient. This study was designed to characterize anger in the borderline patient in an in-depth analysis by determining whether inpatients with DSM-III borderline personality disorder differed from controls with dysthymic disorder. Standardized rating instruments including subscales of the Profile of Mood States, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and Minnosota Multiphasic Personality Inventory were utilized. Results generally indicated that borderline patients manifested more severe anger than dysthymic controls. The findings are discussed in light of previous psychodynamic, empirical, and research literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Sleep patterns of sober chronic alcoholics.

The somnopolygraphs of 26 sober chronic alcoholics were compared with those of an age-matched control group, after approximately 25 days of sobriety. The sleep efficiency index and latency to sleep onset were significantly disturbed in alcoholic subjects. There was a decrease in the number of REM episodes. Slow-wave sleep was unaffected except for an increase in the latency to stge 4 sleep. These findings are discussed in the light of previous research.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Affective and behavioral features of DSM-III borderline personality disorder. Are they valid?

This study was designed to determine if a set of seven clinical features, closely reflecting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual III criteria, were individually and collectively more common in borderlines compared to patients with schizophrenia, affective disorders, and anxiety disorders. A 7-item borderline subscale was generated from the expanded Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and administered to 1,762 psychiatric inpatients. Results indicated that scores on the total borderline scale were significantly higher in borderline patients compared to the control groups. Borderline patients manifested significantly more hostility, uncooperativeness, manipulativeness, impulsiveness, emotional lability, and antisocial trends compared to controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Demography of psychiatric patients with borderline personality traits.

This study was designed to identify the intensity of borderline personality traits in a large sample of psychiatric inpatients (n = 4,800) and to determine the relationship between the borderline traits and a variety of demographic variables. Results indicated the intensity of borderline pathology increased in (1) students or the unemployed, (2) married and separated patients, (3) patients with a criminal record, (4) atheists, and (5) patients from a broken home. It lessened with increasing age of the patient. There was no relation between race or level of education and intensity of borderline traits. Findings are discussed in terms of previous empirical studies and the existent theoretical literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effects of acetazolamide and electrical stimulation on cerebral oxidative metabolism as indicated by the cytochrome oxidase redox state.

The intravenous administration of acetazolamide to rats caused a prompt oxidation of cytochrome a,a3 that was associated with an increase in the rate at which this cytochrome underwent additional oxidation and reductive recovery after electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex. These effects were not observed in animals made hypercapnic after ventilation with 5% CO2. The speed with which these and other metabolic and physiological events occur, after administering the drug, suggests that acetazolamide exerts its effects by complex mechanisms and that the site of action may be in the region of the blood-brain barrier, an area rich in carbonic anhydrase, and noradrenergic innervation.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1984

Hernia en masse.

Described is the case of a patient who developed symptoms compatible with small bowel obstruction approximately 16 hours after a difficult self-performed left inguinal hernia reduction. Exploratory laparotomy was performed, and release of an incarcerated loop of ileum was performed. A large inguinal hernia defect also was found, and this was repaired with a Cooper's ligament repair. The patient recovered uneventfully.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1984

Electroencephalography of DSM-III borderline personality disorder.

The EEG's of hospitalized males with the sole diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (n = 37) were compared to those of a group with only dysthymic disorder (n = 31). Borderline patients were found to have significantly more marginal, definite, and combined (marginal and definite) abnormalities on the EEG. The most prevalent abnormality in the borderline was slow-wave activity. The mixture of wave frequencies occurring in the electroencephalogram, known as fusing, occurred significantly more often in the borderline group compared to the dysthymic group. Severity of illness of the borderline group and the depressed group was not significantly correlated with EEG abnormality. Neurophysiologic implications for the pathogenesis of the borderline personality disorder are discussed in light of these findings.

Borderline Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1984

Family structure as recalled by borderline patients.

Research on the family of the borderline patient has been largely descriptive or anecdotal. This work was designed to provide data on the families of 26 patients fulfilling stringent criteria for borderline personality disorder. A standardized scoring instrument recorded the impressions of the adult borderline of his family experience during childhood and adolescence. The male parental figure was perceived as dominant significantly more often than the female figure. Female figures manifested significantly more affection toward the borderline child. Family relations tended to be perceived as deteriorating and to be more conflictual as the borderline patient aged. Results were discussed in terms of the developmental psychology, genetics, and existent family research on the borderline patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Comprehensive inpatient treatment for the young adult patient.

The young adult chronic patient is one of the most rapidly growing populations of psychiatric patients in the United States. These patients often lack internal controls, exhibit suicidal or assaultive behavior, or suffer from substance abuse, and they frequently require inpatient care. This paper describes a comprehensive inpatient program for this population which emphasizes an integration of psychotherapy, vocational rehabilitation, socialization, and unit structure. A blend of psychodynamic and behavioral principles is employed to assist the young adult in achieving viable adult autonomy.

Adolescent↗