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Biomedical subjects

S Sinha

Publications and source records attributed to S Sinha.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection amongst clinically diagnosed acute viral hepatitis cases and relative risk of development of HBV infection in high risk groups in Calcutta.

The present study revealed that 30.5% of acute infective hepatitis were due to the infection of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) however, 8% controls also showed HBV positivity. The possible route of infection of HBV in our country were Parenteral in 51.9%, Sexual in 24% and Unidentified in 24.1% cases. HBV marker positivity was 45.5% amongst health care workers 33.3% in recipients of multiple blood and blood product transfusion, 25% in sexual partners and their children, 20% in S.T.D. clinic attendants and 10% in patients on haemodialysis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect using self-expandable septal occluder.

Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect is an accepted alternative to surgical closure. It was attempted in 63 patients (age range 1.5-55 years) using self-expandable Amplatzer septal occluder (AGA Med. Co., USA). The atrial septal anatomy was evaluated by transthoracic and multiplane transoesophageal echocardiography with special reference to septal margins and adjacent structures. The size of atrial septal defect on echocardiographic evaluation varied from 9-28 (17.5 +/- 4.7) mm. Fifty (79.4%) patients had adequate septal margins of 5 mm or larger, while remaining 13 (20.6%) had insufficient anterosuperior margin. Cardiac catheterisation revealed Qp/Qs ranging from 1.5 to 5.3 and balloon-stretched atrial septal defect diameter of 10-32 (20.3 +/- 5.3) mm. The procedure was overall successful in 62 (98.4%) patients and in all patients with insufficient anterosuperior margin. Embolisation of the device occurred in one (1.6%) patient within five minutes of the device release, which could not be retrieved non-surgically. Size of the device used was either same or preferably 1-3 mm more than the balloon-stretched atrial septal defect diameter. Total procedure time was 40-90 (59 +/- 12.4) minutes and the fluoroscopy time was 12-30 (17.3 +/- 4.2) minutes. Immediate post-procedure and pre-discharge echocardiography in patients with successful deployment of the device revealed complete abolition of shunt in 61 (98.4%) and trivial residual shunt in one (1.6%) patient. No patient developed atrioventricular valve regurgitation or cardiac arrhythmias. Thus, atrial septal defect closure using self-expandable septal occluder is a safe and efficacious procedure requiring a short procedural time. There is full control in the system for proper positioning or repositioning of the device with excellent technical success rate even in cases with insufficient anterosuperior septal margin.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

QSAR studies on antimalarial activities of 2-phenyl-4-quinoline-carbinolamines.

QSAR study on a series of 2-phenyl-4-quinoline carbinolamine antimalarials was performed using electronic parameters to correlate the electronic features with antimalarial activities. The electronic parameters used were energy of the highest occupied molecular orbitals (EH), energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (EL), the total pi-electron energy (ET) and charge density (CD). The results have shown that the antimalarial potential can be modeled by these parameters. The study will aid in efficient designing of this class of antimalarial agents.

Antimalarials↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reactive oxygen species in health and disease.

With the advent of the use of oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor in aerobic respiration, came the curse in the form of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the evolving organism had developed elaborate defence machinery to escape from these reactive byproducts of its own metabolism, and also developed a mechanism for the utilization of these species in physiological processes to gain a survival advantage. ROS have been increasingly implicated in the ageing process and in different diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, reperfusion injury, etc. They are also important in cellular phenomenon such as signal transduction pathways. We review the mechanisms of production of ROS in the cell, their interaction with cellular macromolecules, pathways of ROS-induced cell death, the mechanisms for protection from ROS-induced damage as well as the key biological and disease processes where ROS play an important role.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Study of impact of nutrition & health day strategy on the coverage rates of supplementary nutrition and health interventions among the ICDS beneficiaries in a rural block of Madhya Pradesh.

To study the trends of beneficiary coverage (pregnant and lactating women and children less than two years of age) for utilization of supplementary nutrition and health services in a rural block before and after the launch of a strategy to converge Health & Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) on a single day christened "Nutrition and Health Day" (NHD). It is a before and after intervention design in rural ICDS block Amarwada in district Chhindwada. As a part of intervention, NHD were organised on which convergent services of Health & ICDS were made available to the beneficiaries. On the weekly NHDs, uncooked supplementary nutrition for the week was distributed to pregnant and lactating mothers and children under two. The Health worker visited the Anganwadi Centre (AWC) and immunized children and pregnant women, distributed IFA, Vitamin A and provided health and nutrition education. The study assessed the impact of these interventions on the coverage rates of the services. Study was conducted between May 97 and March 98. The routine monitoring reports of the ICDS and Health System of the state government were used as study tools. The study sample comprised of AWC beneficiaries in the project area. The total population of the block was 89,476. Participation in the supplementary nutrition program (SNP) increased two to three folds in all categories of the target population. Immunization and Vitamin A coverage levels for children also showed an increase of about 3 and 5-8 times from baseline status respectively in a year's time. Among pregnant women, Tetanus Toxoid (TT) and Iron and Folic Acid (IFA) utilization rates have also shown two and five fold increase respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mechanical bowel obstruction: the Chandigarh experience.

Intestinal obstruction is a fairly common surgical emergency in India, but there is little data available regarding the spectrum of intestinal obstruction in India, or its related complications. This paper represents a retrospective review of 97 patients who underwent surgery for intestinal obstruction at Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India, over four years (1997-2000). The case files of all these patients were reviewed and analysed for patient particulars, pre-operative clinical examination and investigations, intraoperative findings, final diagnosis, post-operative morbidity, and mortality. The mean age of our patients was 39.46 years, with an overall male to female ratio of 2.46:1. Most of the patients were in the age group of 17 to 60 years (62.89%). A total of 107 causes for the obstruction could be identified at surgery, with intra-abdominal adhesions and bands (27.10%) being the commonest followed by obstructed herniae (22.43%). Strangulation was present in 21 patients at the time of surgery. This group of patients had a significantly higher post-operative morbidity than patients with simple obstruction, although no statistically significant difference was seen in between the mortality rates in these two groups.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of orthoptic treatment in the management of intermittent exotropia.

30 patients of intermittent ACDS were studied prospectively for a period of 8 weeks to 1 year to evaluate the role of orthoptics in the management of these cases. In patients with convergence insufficiency and a maximum deviation of 25 PD or less the orthoptic treatment was found to be effective in offering symptomatic relief and improving binocular functional status. A reduction in the maximum angle of deviation by 4 PD to 8 PD was observed in 4 patients. Even though the basic angle of deviation remained unchanged in most of the patients, significant functional and symptomatic improvement was obtained in 64% to 85.7% of these cases. The long term stability of these results remains to be studied. In patients with a deviation of more than 25 PD there was no significant improvement in symptoms or reduction in maximum angle of deviation. In 6(37.5%) of these patients some improvement in the fusional range could be demonstrated on the synoptophore without any symptomatic relief.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

"A retrospective cohort study for prognostic significance of visual acuity for near over that for distance in anisometropic amblyopia.".

A cohort of 50 anisometropic amblyopes, between the ages of 2.5 to 10 years, was studied retrospectively to assess the prognostic significance of visual acuity for near over that for distance. There is ample evidence in the literature for a significantly lower accommodative response in the anisometropic amblyopic eye. It has been proposed that the efferent accommodative dysfunction may be a fundamental and causative factor in anisometropic amblyopia. A reduced visual acuity for near over that for distance was found in 17 [34%] patients and in 11 out of these the near vision improved after an addition of +3.0D sph. When a reduced visual acuity for near, was obtained it was difficult to determine whether the visual afferent system (due to insufficient visual input), or the accommodation efferent mechanism was responsible. However an improvement in corrected near vision by addition of +3.0D sph. suggested an accommodative dysfunction. In patients with reduced visual acuity for near over that for distance, not only was the final visual outcome poor but also the onset of visual improvement in response to amblyopia therapy was delayed.

Amblyopia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Co-occurrence of Wilson's disease and glioblastoma multiforme--is it a chance association?

We report a patient with glioblastoma multiforme who was subsequently diagnosed to have Wilson's disease. Immunohistochemical studies of the tumor revealed high (> 60%) labeling index for p53 and Rb retinoblastoma protein. Whether this association is like the co-occurrence of retinoblastoma and Wilson's disease due to possible somatic mutation in chromosome 13 needs to be explored.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An appraisal of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and serum antibody competition test (SACT) in leprosy.

Seventy-eight untreated leprosy patients, 104 treated patients and 105 healthy contacts were tested using two serological tests, SACT (serum antibody competition test based on competitive inhibition of monoclonal antibody binding to the MY2a determinant of M. leprae) and ELISA (measurement of IgM antibodies to the neoglycoproteins D-BSA and ND-BSA representing the phenolic-glycolipid antigen of M. leprae). The controls included normal healthy individuals, patients with sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis, and active cases of rheumatoid arthritis from the department of rheumatology. The specificity of SACT was found to be very high. ELISA was found to be positive in two patients with rheumatoid arthritis, one each for D-BSA and ND-BSA ELISA. Both tests had a high sensitivity in BL and lepromatous patients. The sensitivity to both tests was considerably lower in tuberculoid and BT patients i.e., below 40%. Therefore the diagnostic value of a negative test in suspected cases of leprosy was very low employing either of the two tests. A proportion of patients with paucibacillary tuberculoid and BT leprosy were positive after six months or longer after therapy. Similarly a large number of BL and lepromatous patients were positive after considerably longer periods of treatment. The use of either tests for determining the duration of therapy is therefore limited. SACT appears to be more sensitive than ELISA with ND-BSA in detecting subclinical infection. The cumulative positivity of the two tests may be used as a measure of the infectivity of the disease in the community and for evaluating disease control methods.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Demonstration of Mycobacterium leprae specific antigens in leprosy lesions using monoclonal antibodies.

Cryostat sections of dermal lesions from 13 untreated patients of leprosy were studied by indirect immunoperoxidase using monoclonal antibodies (MLO4 & MLO6), defining M. leprae specific antigens. The lymphocytes and macrophages in both the tuberculoid and lepromatous granulomas showed membranous staining with the above antibodies. M. leprae organisms in the lepromatous granulomas and the cells in the section of lymph nodes of patients with tuberculosis, or sections of normal skin or psoriatic lesions did not show any staining with these antibodies. These observations suggest that M. leprae specific antigens are present and expressed on the cells infiltrating the granulomas of leprosy lesions.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Studies on healthy contacts of leprosy patients--a preliminary report.

91 healthy contacts of leprosy patients were studied for subclinical infection and possibly the pre-clinical stage of the disease using a battery of tests. It was observed that the test based on competitive inhibition of monoclonal antibody binding to the MY2 a determinant of M. leprae identifies a preclinical stage of the disease.

Adolescent↗