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Biomedical subjects

S Singhi

Publications and source records attributed to S Singhi.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Immunoglobulin and C3 levels in maternal and cord blood in Jamaica.

IgG, IgM, IgA and C3 were estimated by radial immunodiffusion (RID) in one hundred paired maternal and cord blood samples. The mean maternal IgG, and IgM, and IgA were 2112 mg/dl, 118 mg/dl and 251 mg/dl, respectively, while in corresponding infants, the mean levels were 2194 mg/dl, 36 mg/dl and 19 mg/dl. Mean cord serum C3 levels was 113 mg/dl, approximately half the maternal level (203 mg/dl). Variation in the gestational age, birth weight, duration of labour and maternal pre-eclamptic toxaemia did not significantly affect the immunoglobulin levels. Seven out of 36 (16%) cord blood with IgM level greater than 36 mg/dl showed either fourfold rise or high antibody titres against one of the TORCH (toxoplasma, rubella, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus) agents. Screening of cord serum for IgM levels can be of particular value in detection of newborn infants with clinically apparent or inapparent intrauterine infections.

Complement C3↗
PubMed1984

Roentgenographic cranial-base and calvarial measurements of north Indian children from birth to two years of age.

In order to establish norms for dimensions of the skull in North Indian children, lateral skull films of 166 apparently healthy, normocephalic children between birth and two years of age were studied. Using bony reference points, measurements were made of cranial-base length and calvarial height. It appears that there is definite proportionality between growth of ventral and posterior cranial-base, calvarium and ventral base, and anterior and posterior calvarium, at all ages and for both sexes. Deviation in these proportions may suggest abnormality in a corresponding area of the cranium.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1984

Roentgenographic cranial-base and calvarial measurements of Jamaican children between one month and five years.

Three-hundred-and-thirty lateral skull-films obtained from apparently healthy normocephalic Jamaican children between the age of one month and five years were studied, using bony reference points nasion (N), tuberculum sellae (Ts), internal occipital prominence (IOP), inion (I), bregma (B) and lambda (L). Cranial-base length was measured between N-Ts, Ts-IOP and N-I. Calvarial height was measured between Ts-B (anterior calvarium) and Ts-L (posterior calvarium). All the measurements showed an increase with age and were higher in boys. Significant correlations were seen between N-Ts and Ts-IOP, N-Ts and N-I, N-Ts and Ts-B, N-Ts and Ts-L and N-I and Ts-L at all the ages and in both sexes. Ratios between lengths of anterior and posterior cranial-base, as well as between cranial-base lengths and anterior cranial heights, were nearly constant at all the ages and in both sexes. These observations support the view that there is definite proportionality between the growth of anterior and posterior cranial-base lengths, and between anterior calvarial height and cranial-base lengths. On the other hand, a significant increase with age was seen in the ratios N-Ts/Ts-L, N-I/Ts/L and Ts/B/Ts-L, suggesting a progressive decrease in growth of posterior calvarial height. A comparison of the data with previously published figures for Indian and Norwegian populations suggests a racial difference in the various cranial-base and calvarial ratios.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Intrapartum infusion of aqueous glucose solution, transplacental hyponatraemia and risk of neonatal jaundice.

Cord serum sodium levels in three groups of 278 singleton infants, born vaginally at term, were correlated with the incidence of jaundice (serum bilirubin greater than or equal to 85 mumol/1) in the first 3 days of life. Of the 278 infants, 87 were born to mothers who were given infusions of 5% or 10% glucose in water during labour (group I), 90 were born to mothers who received glucose solution as a vehicle for oxytocin (group II), and 101 to mothers who did not receive any intravenous fluid therapy (control group). Jaundice was seen significantly more frequently in groups I (28/87, 32%) and II infants (30/90, 33%) than in the control group (12/101, 12%) (P less than 0.01), but when analysed in relation to cord serum sodium levels, the prevalence of jaundice in the normonatraemic infants (serum sodium greater than or equal to 131 mmol/1) was similar in the three groups. On the other hand, in groups I and II jaundice occurred about 3.5 times more frequently in the hyponatraemic infants [group I (17/32, 53%) and II (20/39, 51%)] than in the normonatraemic infants (P less than 0.01). The difference was not associated with any other perinatal or neonatal characteristic.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Role of psychosocial stress in the cause of pica.

Fifty children with iron deficiency anemia with pica and 50 children with iron deficiency anemia without pica were studied to detail their psychosocial environment. Children in two groups were individually matched for age, sex, socioeconomic class, and degree of anemia. The pica group had significantly greater stress scores (7.6 +/- 2.8) as compared to the control group (4.1 + 2.1; t= 5.05; p less than 0.001). The stress factors that were significantly associated with pica were maternal deprivation (p less than 0.01), child's caretaker other than the mother (p less than 0.001), parental separation (p less than 0.01), parental attitude of neglect, joint family (p less than 0.001), child beating (p less than 0.01), too little mother-child interaction (p less than 0.01), and too little father-child interaction (p less than 0.001). Hence, in the management of pica, a thorough evaluation of the psychosocial setting in which the child lives and an effort to alleviate psychosocial stress are important.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1980

Somatotype, physical growth, and sexual maturation in young male smokers.

One thousand school boys aged 8 to 16 were examined for their somatotype, physical growth, sexual maturation, and smoking habits. Fifty-two boys were found to be smokers, of whom 30 were regularly smoking between two and 20 bidis or cigarettes a day for a mean duration of 2.5 years. The mean height and weight of the smokers was significantly lower than that of the non-smokers at all ages, more so in regular than occasional smokers. Sixty-nine per cent of the smokers had mesomorphic type of body build; about 65% of the non-smokers had ectomorphic somatotype (P less than 0.001). Onset of puberty occurred significantly earlier among smokers compared with non-smokers, as was evident from the early appearance of genital stage 2, and an early and rapid increase in testicular size. Genital stage 2 appeared at a mean age of 11 years in smokers and 11.6 years in non-smokers. However, the appearance of pubic, axillary, and facial hair was delayed. The possible significance of this is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Congenital asymmetrical crying facies.

Congenital asymmetrical crying facies, a minor congenital anomaly due to hypoplasia or the absence of the depressor muscle of the angle of the mouth (musculus depressor anguli oris), manifests as lower lip asymmetry during crying. In a prospective study of 1,600 neonates born at the J.L.N. Medical College in Ajmer, India, during the period from January 1979 to August 1979, 10 infants (6.3 per 1,000 infants) had asymmetrical crying facies. Two of the 10 affected neonates had congenital heart disease (1 ventricular septal defect; 1 tetralogy of Fallot), compared with three out of 1,590 members of a control group (p < 0.001). Five babies had other minor congenital malformations. Four of the 10 mothers of probands and three of twelve siblings had the same anomaly, suggesting a familial etiologic factor. No noxious obstetric or prenatal factor could be identified. At a follow-up examination (3 to 6 months later), all of the infants showed normal growth and development, although the effects of the anomaly persisted. We suggest that asymmetrical crying facies is a commonly occurring minor congenital malformation, and in its presence, a thorough search for other congenital malformations, especially of the cardiovascular system, should be made.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗