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Biomedical subjects

S Singhi

Publications and source records attributed to S Singhi.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Impact of acute diarrhoea & oral rehydration solution on nutritional status of preschool children.

A total of 838 children under 5 yr of age were followed up in 2 villages of Punjab for a period of one year for diarrhoea morbidity, oral rehydration solution (ORS) usage and nutritional status. Overall frequency of diarrhoea was 0.78 episode/child/year. Children weighing less than or equal to 70 per cent of reference weight for age had about 25 per cent higher incidence of diarrhoea (102 episodes/100 child/yr) as compared to those who weighed greater than or equal to 71 per cent (75 episodes/100 children/yr; P less than 0.05). At the end of one year there was no significant difference in the weight and arm circumference growth of children who had diarrhoea and received ORS and those who did not. Prevalence of malnutrition (weight for age criteria) in children with and without diarrhoea at the beginning and end of the study also remained unchanged, irrespective of ORS usage. These observations indicate that in rural areas with low diarrhoea morbidity (i) pre-existing malnutrition (weight for age less than 70%) is associated with 25 per cent higher diarrhoea incidence; (ii) acute diarrhoea does not significantly affect weight and arm circumference growth and prevalence of malnutrition; and (iii) the long-term nutritional benefit of ORS if any, is doubtful.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1989

Value of C-reactive protein concentration in diagnosis and management of acute lower respiratory infections.

To determine the usefulness of the quantitative serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration as a tool in differentiating acute pneumonia from other acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI), and in assessing response to therapy serum CRP concentrations were measured in 30 children with pneumonia, 30 with acute bronchitis and 5 with bronchiolitis. All the pneumonia patients had a serum CRP level above 83 mg/l (mean 157; SD +/- 47 mg/l) whereas none of the acute bronchitis (mean 7.8; SD +/- 5.7 mg/l) or bronchiolitis patients and normal children (mean +/- 3.5 SD +/- 2.7 mg/l) had a level above 35 mg/l. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of CRP level greater than 35 mg/l for diagnosis of pneumonia was 100%. On serial monitoring a fall in CRP concentration also provided the earliest clue to therapeutic response, much before a fall in temperature, respiratory rate or ESR.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

Effect of maternal intrapartum glucose therapy on neonatal blood glucose levels and neurobehavioral status of hypoglycemic term newborn infants.

Two groups of 45 term, vaginally delivered infants were studied to determine effect of maternal intrapartum glucose therapy on neonatal blood glucose level at birth and at one and 2 hours of age. Twenty-three infants whose mother received glucose infusion prior to delivery (study group) had a significantly higher mean cord blood glucose level, lower 2 hour blood glucose levels and about three times higher incidence of hypoglycemia (glucose level less than or equal to 2.2 mmol/l) as compared to 22 infants whose mothers did not receive any glucose or fluid therapy. Neurobehavioral evaluation of the infants at 1 and 2 hour demonstrated, a significant association between hypoglycemia and a low muscle tone score and a delayed habituation to various stimuli. Blood glucose levels must be routinely monitored in infants whose mother receive glucose infusion prior to delivery to detect and treat early neonatal hypoglycemia.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1987

Application of case management to the control of acute respiratory infections in low-birth-weight infants: a feasibility study.

The feasibility of introducing a case management programme for acute respiratory infections among low-birth-weight infants at the primary health care level was investigated in 37 villages in the Indian state of Haryana. Twenty-one of the villages served as the intervention area, while the remaining 16 formed the control area. All low-birth-weight infants born in the two areas between January 1982 and September 1983 (199 in the intervention area and 211 in the control area) were included in the study. Primary health care workers were contacted in 38% of episodes of acute respiratory infections in the intervention area, in contrast to only 1% of episodes in the control area. Also, the mean duration of infections in the intervention area was significantly lower (P<0.01), while the case fatality was about 33% of that in the control area. The results indicate that the programme can be successfully incorporated into existing primary health care infrastructures.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Plasma arginine vasopressin response to water load during labor.

To find out whether plasma vasopressin (PAVP) response to a water load during pregnancy is inappropriately high, as had been speculated, we measured PAVP by radioimmunoassay in 30 women at the time of delivery. Ten women had received infusion of aqueous glucose solution during labor for hydration (GW group); another ten received infusion of glucose solution as a vehicle for oxytocin (OT group), and ten women did not receive any intrapartum intravenous fluid therapy (controls). Serum sodium and osmolality were also determined in all the subjects. PAVP levels were significantly lower in GW (0.70 +/- 0.4 pg/ml) and OT groups (0.7 +/- 0.6 pg/ml) (P less than 0.05). Significant negative correlation was seen between the amount of glucose solution infused and levels of PAVP (r = -0.66; P less than 0.01), while a significant positive correlation was seen between PAVP and serum sodium (r = 0.61; P less than 0.01). These findings suggest that during labor, the physiological relationship between serum osmolality and PAVP is intact, and that infusion of a water load in the form of aqueous glucose solution is attended by an expected lowering of PAVP. We infer that inappropriate ADH response is not the cause of water retention and hyponatremia often seen in women receiving aqueous glucose solution during labor.

Arginine Vasopressin↗
PubMed1985

Iatrogenic neonatal and maternal hyponatraemia following oxytocin and aqueous glucose infusion during labour.

Maternal and umbilical cord serum sodium and osmolality were studied prospectively in 140 deliveries to investigate whether transplacental hyponatraemia, seen following oxytocin infusion during labour, was due to the antidiuretic effect of oxytocin or was secondary to the infusion of aqueous glucose used as a vehicle for oxytocin, or both. Forty-five women received oxytocin in aqueous glucose for induction or augmentation of labour (oxytocin group), 43 received aqueous glucose infusion alone (glucose group) and 52 did not receive any intravenous infusions (control group). Mean cord sodium levels were significantly lower in the oxytocin (131.4, SD 3.6 mmol/l) and glucose groups (132.5, SD 3.2 mmol/l) than in the control group (135.0, SD 3.0 mmol/l). Hyponatraemia (Na less than 130 mmol) was seen in 47% and 30% of the infants in the oxytocin and glucose groups respectively, in contrast to only 5.8% of the infants in the control group. Significant negative linear correlations were seen between serum sodium and the dose of oxytocin (P less than 0.01) and log of the volume of glucose solution infused (P less than 0.001). The hyponatraemic newborn infants had a significantly higher incidence of transient neonatal tachypnea (7/37, 19%) than the normonatraemic infants (2%). Our results strongly suggest that infusion of oxytocin and glucose both cause maternal and transplacental hyponatraemia, even in recommended doses. This should be taken in account while planning a safe dose of oxytocin and glucose for infusion during labour.

Adult↗