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Biomedical subjects

S Shoji

Publications and source records attributed to S Shoji.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from smokers exhibits increased monocyte chemokinetic activity.

Alveolar macrophages, which are cells derived from blood monocytes, accumulate within the lower respiratory tract of cigarette smokers. One mechanism to account for this accumulation of alveolar macrophages may be an increase in the migration of blood monocytes into the lungs of smokers. To evaluate this hypothesis, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained from 15 smokers and 16 nonsmokers. The smokers' BALF possessed a significantly increased capacity to attract normal blood monocytes when evaluated using a blind-well chamber technique (26.2 +/- 7.6 vs 14.8 +/- 6.9 cells/high-power field, P less than 0.01). Checkerboard analysis of the activity revealed that it was predominantly chemokinetic. Partial characterization of the activity in smokers' BALF revealed that it was lipid soluble but only partially sensitive to trypsin and heat. The chemokinetic activity correlated with alveolar macrophage numbers in the BALF (r = 0.4391, P = 0.009). Furthermore, both the chemokinetic activity and alveolar macrophage number correlated with alterations of respiratory function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, and forced expiratory flow at 75% of the vital capacity). These results suggest that the increase in alveolar macrophage number present in the BALF of cigarette smokers may be due, at least in part, to an increased amount of chemokinetic factor(s) in the smokers' BALF, and these factor(s) may participate in the decline of respiratory function associated with cigarette smoking, probably by recruiting monocytes into lung.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Attachment characteristics of bovine bronchial epithelial cells to extracellular matrix components.

Attachment of cells to extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth and differentiated function. We hypothesized that bronchial epithelial cells preferentially attach to ECM proteins and utilize specific receptors for ECM proteins. Bronchial epithelial cells were obtained from bovine lung by protease digestion. Both freshly isolated and cultured bronchial epithelial cells were plated onto plastic petri dishes coated with bovine serum albumin, type I collagen, type IV collagen, fibronectin, laminin, ECM synthesized by cultured bronchial epithelial cells, or uncoated. Freshly isolated cells demonstrated significant attachment to ECM but weak attachment to other matrix proteins. Cultured bronchial epithelial cells attached well to ECM; however, they had relatively increased attachment to type I collagen, type IV collagen, fibronectin, and laminin compared to freshly isolated cells. To determine whether the attachment of bronchial epithelial cells is arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-mediated, an RGD-containing peptide known to block attachment mediated by many integrin receptors was added to the media (400 micrograms/ml). There was no inhibition of attachment of freshly isolated cells; however, there was significant but not complete inhibition of the attachment of the cultured cells to type IV collagen, laminin, and fibronectin, but not to type I collagen or ECM. Thus, freshly isolated bronchial epithelial cells readily adhere to ECM, and the attachment does not appear to be mediated by RGD-dependent receptors. Cultured bronchial epithelial cells demonstrate increased attachment to component proteins of ECM, and this attachment is, in part, to RGD-dependent receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using polymerase chain reaction amplification.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This procedure amplified a segment of MRSA-PBP (penicillin-binding protein) gene of DNA extract from the clinical isolates of S. aureus. A 1339-base-pair fragment of MRSA-PBP gene in DNA from S. aureus (MIC of methicillin, greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml) was amplified and detected by a specific oligonucleotide probe. Moreover, a 4.3 kb HindIII fragment containing MRSA-PBP gene was detected by using the same oligonucleotide probe. On the other hand, no PCR-amplified product was detected in DNA from methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MIC of methicillin, less than 16 micrograms/ml).

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Glucose-depletion suppresses synaptic transmissions in rat dorsolateral septal nucleus.

Removal of extracellular glucose hyperpolarized the post-synaptic membrane of dorsolateral septal nucleus (DLSN) neurons. Glucose-depletion suppressed the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and the late hyperpolarizing potential (LHP) without affecting the responses induced by glutamate or baclofen. Glibenclamide did not antagonize the effects produced by glucose-depletion. These results suggest that glucose is necessary to maintain the membrane excitability and transmitter-release in rat DLSN.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of dietary phosphorus restriction on secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients during intermittent oral high-dose 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment.

Phosphorus (P) retention plays an important role in the pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism (2nd HPT) in chronic renal failure. In recent years, periodic intravenous or intermittent oral administration of high doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 has been reported to improve severe 2nd HPT in hemodialysis patients. The present study was performed to determine the effects of dietary P restriction on 2nd HPT in hemodialysis patients treated with intermittent oral high-dose 1,25(OH)2D3. A high dose of 1,25(OH)2D3 was administered orally twice a week at the end of hemodialysis in 20 hemodialysis patients with 2nd HPT. Dietary P content was estimated from records of the patients' food intake, made twice during the treatment period. Based on this information, dietitians developed appropriate meal plans and instructed the patients. After 8 weeks of the treatment, serum c-parathyroid hormone (c-PTH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels decreased significantly, from 18.8 +/- 1.9 ng/ml and 347.1 +/- 30.7 U/liter to 9.4 +/- 1.2 ng/ml and 268.3 +/- 19.6 U/liter, respectively. Serum P levels increased gradually during the first 4 weeks of the treatment. Dietary P intake was reduced significantly, from 908 +/- 49 mg/day to 734 +/- 39 mg/day, after the nutritional instructions. As a result of the dietary P restrictions, serum P levels were significantly decreased in the 8th week as compared with those in the 4th week. Serum Ca levels remained unchanged throughout the observation period. There was a significant relationship between the mean values for serum P levels during the study and the percent suppression of serum c-PTH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

N-fatty acyl compounds inhibit myristoyl acylation of pp60v-src and reduce tumorigenicity of Rous sarcoma virus-infected cells.

Prevention of NH2-terminal myristoylation of pp60v-src was determined with N-fatty acyl glycinal derivatives. Of all the compounds tested, N-myristoyl and N-lauroyl glycinal diethylacetal, N-myristoyl glycyl glycinal diethylacetal, and N-myristoyl-4-aminobutyl aldehyde diethylacetal strongly inhibited myristoylation of pp60v-src; but N-myristoyl diglycyl, N-myristoyl triglycyl, N-decanoyl glycinal diethylacetal, and N-palmitoyl glycinal diethylacetal did not. N-Myristoyl glycinal diethylacetal (25 or 50 microM) suppressed both morphological transformation and colony formation of Rous sarcoma virus-infected chick embryo fibroblasts.

Acylation↗
PubMed1991

Novel anticoagulant peptides from the functional site of human placental anticoagulant protein.

Histidine-containing peptides SHLRKV and DHTLIR, corresponding to placental anticoagulant protein-I (PAP-I) residues 204-209 and 266-271, respectively, are included in the functional site of PAP-I and exhibit anticoagulant activity, but the peptides in which alanine is substituted for histidine do not. However, the peptide KHALKG, corresponding to the region from Lys-97 to Gly-102, did not exhibit an anticoagulant activity, showing that it is not included in the functional site. These findings thus suggest that His-205 and His-267 are involved in the Ca(2+)- or the phospholipid-binding site of PAP-I but that His-98 is not.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

[A case of jejunal metastasis from pulmonary adenocarcinoma occurring as perforative peritonitis].

On first admission on June 5, 1989, pulmonary adenocarcinoma of left S3b in a 62-year-old male had already metastasized to the brain and the clinical stage was T2N2M1. Radiation therapy for the metastatic brain lesion was very successful but chemotherapy for the primary lesion was not effective. He was discharged on August 24, 1989. He was readmitted to our hospital on Jan. 5, 1990 because of severe abdominal pain. His chest roentgenogram showed free air under the diaphragm. An emergency laparotomy was performed, because perforation of gastrointestinal tract was suspected. At operation, two localized tumors were found, one located in the jejunum approximately 20 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz, accompanied by perforation and another approximately 20 cm distal to the above lesion in the mesentery. The resected specimen of the perforated lesion demonstrated a deep and large ulcer, compared to the tumor size, similar to a submucosal tumor, accompanied by bridging folds. The pathologic interpretation was adenocarcinoma of the lung metastatic to the jejunum and mesentery. Primary lung cancer metastasizes to a wide variety of organs, but metastasis to the small intestine is uncommon, even on postmortem examination. Furthermore, it is rare that the metastatic lesion causes abdominal symptom leading to laparotomy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical study on long-term treatment of chronic hepatitis C with interferon].

We treated 41 chronic hepatitis C patients with recombinant interferon alpha 2a, 6 X 10(6) IU/day, for three weeks daily followed by intermittent therapy, 3 X 10(6) IU/day, three times weekly for 6 months and more. After 6 months of intermittent therapy, serum aminotransferases (AST, ALT) decreased to normal or nearly normal levels in 29 of 41 patients (70.7%) with histological improvement. The HCV (C100-3) antibody disappeared during and after IFN therapy in 7 of 34 HCV antibody positive patients (20.6%). Serum aminotransferases levels of all such patients were normalized or nearly normalized. The IFN antibody was detected in 8 of 41 patients (19.5%) including one whose IFN antibody was already present before starting IFN therapy. IFN treatment was discontinued in 22 of 41 patients (53.7%) because they responded completely or nearly completely to IFN therapy. All of the 22 patients have been maintaining normal aminotransferase levels for 1 to 24 months (mean, 12 months) after the treatment period. We conclude that long-term IFN therapy is greatly beneficial in controlling hepatic inflammatory changes in chronic hepatitis C.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Human cellular src gene product: identification of the myristoylated pp60c-src and blockage of its myristoyl acylation with N-fatty acyl compounds resulted in the suppression of colony formation.

A p60K protein in human colon adenocarcinoma tumor cell lines was identified as a myristoylated pp60c-src by fluorography and radioimmunoprecipitation analysis. Prevention of the myristoylation of pp60c-src was determined with N-fatty acyl glycinal compounds. Of the compounds tested, N-myristoyl glycinal diethylacetal, N-lauroyl glycinal diethylacetal, N-myristoyl glycyl glycinal diethylacetal, and N-myristoyl-4-aminobutyl-aldehyde diethylacetal strongly blocked the myristoylation, but N-decanoyl glycinal diethylacetal and N-palmitoyl glycinal diethylacetal did not. The myristoyl blocking compounds depressed colony formation, cell proliferation, and specific localization to the plasma membrane of pp60c-src. The results taken together suggest that myristoylation of the c-src oncogene product may be very important for tumorigenicity of c-src gene expressed cells.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1990

Myristoylated src-oncogene products are potently detected by the monoclonal antibody to the NH2-terminal myristoyl-Gly-Ser-Ser-Lys src-peptide.

Monoclonal antibodies were raised against a synthetic NH2-terminal myristoyl tetrapeptide (N-myristoyl-Gly-Ser-Ser-Lys) which is characteristic of an NH2-terminal portion of pp60src, the transforming protein of src-oncogene. The antibody reacted with the albumin conjugated with both the N-myristoyl and N-lauroyl-tetrapeptides, but concentrations at which 50% of the immunoreaction was inhibited were 5 pmol for the N-myristoyl and 830 pmol for N-lauroyl tetrapeptidyl albumin. On the other hand, N-palmitoyl tetrapeptidyl and underivatized albumin, and Gly-Ser-Ser-Lys-Ser-Lys-Pro-Lys octapeptide had no effects. These results suggest a high affinity of the antibody for an N-myristoyl-Gly-Ser-Ser-Lys moiety. src-Oncogene products in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed cells and human colon carcinoma tumor cells were selectively identified as myristoylated pp60src by immunoprecipitation analyses with the antibody.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

The functional site of placental anticoagulant protein: essential histidine residue of placental anticoagulant protein.

Placental anticoagulant protein (PAP) rapidly lost its anticoagulant effect due to photooxidation in the presence of methylene blue at pH 7.9 and 8 degrees C. Photooxidized PAP failed to bind the phospholipid vesicle. It seemed unlikely that the protein underwent a change in molecular size during the photooxidation on the basis of its behavior in electrophoresis and gel filtration. Photooxidized PAP had significantly decreased histidine contents, whereas the contents of other amino acids remained essentially unchanged. The peptide, SHLRKV, was included in the functional site of PAP and still showed an anticoagulant activity. On the other hand, the peptide which substituted histidine by alanine, SALRKV, no longer showed the activity. It was shown that the histidine residue is involved in Ca2+ or the phospholipid binding site of the protein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Effect of exogenous cortisone on amino acid metabolism in rats.

1. The effect of exogenous cortisone on concentration of free amino acids in serum, skeletal muscle, kidney, small intestine and liver was studied. 2. The amino acid pool in serum, skeletal muscle and small intestine decreased significantly. 3. Glutamine synthesis increased significantly in skeletal muscle. 4. Levels of branched amino acids increased in serum and small intestine. 5. Levels of alanine increased in kidney and liver.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1990

Synthesis of 3 beta,16 beta,19-trihydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one and 16 beta,19-dihydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione and their 19-oxo derivatives.

3 beta,16 beta,19-Trihydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one (12) was synthesized from 5 alpha-bromo-3 beta-acetoxy-6 beta,19-epoxyandrostan-17-one (2) through acetoxylation at C-16 beta of the enol acetate 4 with lead tetraacetate and reductive cleavage of the epoxide ring with zinc dust yielding the 3 beta,16 beta-diacetoxy-19-hydroxy steroid 11, followed by hydrolysis of the acetoxy groups with sulfuric acid. Jones oxidation of compound 11 followed by the acid hydrolysis gave the 19-oxo steroid 15. 5 alpha-Bromo-3 beta-hydroxy-16 beta-acetoxy-6 beta,19-epoxyandrostan-17-one (8), obtained by selective hydrolysis of the 3-formate 5 with ammonium hydroxide, was oxidized with Jones reagent to afford the 3-oxo steroid 16, which was converted into the 19-hydroxy derivative 17 by treatment with zinc dust. 16 beta,19-Dihydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione (18) and its 19-oxo derivative 21 were obtained from compound 17 through a similar reaction sequence.

Androstenedione↗