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Biomedical subjects

S Shinagawa

Publications and source records attributed to S Shinagawa.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

An autopsy study of 306 cases of maternal death in Japan.

Based on autopsy findings in 306 cases of maternal death from 1964 to 1980, recent trends in maternal death in Japan were discussed. Main topics dealt with were as follows: 1. Although rate of maternal death in Japan is decreasing markedly year by year, approximately 90 per cent of our autopsy cases were direct or indirect maternal deaths. 2. The most common category of the direct maternal death was hemorrhage. Unexpectedly uterine rupture was thought to be a common etiological factor for that. 3. One of the most valuable impression obtained in this study was a high percentage of "sudden death". In our series, 85 of 306 cases (27.8 per cent) were of maternal deaths within 6 hours after their general condition began to deteriorate. The first cause of sudden death was hemorrhage, and the second and the third were ectopic pregnancy and amniotic fluid embolism respectively. 4. Although it was very difficult, 16 cases (5.2 per cent) were judged as the maternal death possibly related to drugs. The most widely suspected and used drugs were hysterotonica such as prostaglandin, oxytocin and Deliverin. In these 16 cases of maternal deaths possibly related to drugs either directly or indirectly, amniotic fluid embolism (in 6 cases), uterine rupture (in 3 cases), and cervical laceration (in 2 cases) were confirmed at autopsy and diagnosed as the direct cause of death. However, in the remaining 5 cases, no acceptable findings could be obtained and an exact cause of death had remained unsolved. 5. Fifteen cases (4.9 per cent) of amniotic fluid embolism were confirmed by autopsy. However, only in 6 out of 15 cases, a clinical diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism was given. In the remaining 9 cases, clinical diagnoses such as "shock of unknown etiology", "septic or endotoxin shock" and "postpartum collapse" were presumed.

Death, Sudden↗
PubMed1982

C-19393 E5, a new carbapenem antibiotic. Fermentation, isolation and structure.

A new carbapenem antibiotic, C-19393 E5, was isolated from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces griseus subsp. cryophilus C-19393 as a minor component. The chemical structure of the antibiotic was determined by comparing its spectral data with those of the known 5,6-cis carbapenem antibiotics and confirmed by partial synthesis from epithienamycin B as shown in Fig. 1. The antibiotic has a broad antimicrobial spectrum and shows strong inhibitory activity against beta-lactamases.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

Beta-lactamase inhibitory activities and synergistic effects of 5,6-cis-carbapenem antibiotics.

Twelve 5,6-cis-carbapenem antibiotics were examined for their beta-lactamase inhibitory activities, their types of inhibitions, and their synergistic activities with other beta-lactam antibiotics. All the carbapenems inhibited eight types of beta-lactamases including cephalosporinases which were insensitive to clavulanic acid and sulbactam. The sulfonyloxy ethyl carbapenems were the most active inhibitors; they inhibited all beta-lactamases in a progressive fashion, whereas some of the hydroxyl compounds exerted non-progressive inhibition against several beta-lactamases such as those of Escherichia coli TN713 and Proteus vulgaris GN4413. Several carbapenems were inactivated by the beta-lactamases of Citrobacter freundii GN1706, P. vulgaris GN4413, E. coli TN713, and Klebsiella pneumoniae TN1698. Most of the carbapenems potentiated the antibacterial activities of ampicillin and cefotiam against beta-lactamase-producing bacteria.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

Effects of antiepileptic drugs on hGH, TSH, and thyroid hormone concentrations during pregnancy.

The effects of antiepileptic drugs on thyrotropin (TSH), thyroid hormone, and growth hormone (GH) concentrations in sera of 16 pregnant women with epilepsy were studied. The drugs markedly depressed thyroxine (T4) concentration in maternal and umbilical cord sera, and partly depressed TSH in maternal and umbilical artery sera and GH in umbilical artery sera, but not triiodothyronine (T3) or reverse T3 (r-T3) concentration. The effect of antiepileptic drugs on T4 concentration in maternal serum was not influenced by pregnancy. Ratios of hormone levels in maternal serum compared with those in umbilical cord serum revealed a pattern similar to that seen in normal pregnant women. They suggest that transplacental passage of TSH, thyroid hormone, and GH are not markedly affected by antiepileptic drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Development of new hollow fiber membrane macromolecular filters.

Newly developed hollow fiber membrane filters made of ethylene-vinyl-alcohol designated as EVAL 2A, EVAL 4A, and EVAL 5A, were tested in vitro and applied clinically. EVAL 2A had the lowest molecular weight cut-off (30% rejection rate for 10(4) dalton dextran and 90% rejection rate for 10(5) dalton dextran); sieving coefficients (SC) of 0.78 for albumin, 0.59 for IgG, and almost 0 for IgM indicate its usefulness for separation of IgG from albumin when the recirculation flow on the filter was introduced. EVAL 4A and 5A showed higher cut-off levels (25% rejection of 10(5) dalton dextran and 80% rejection rate for 2 X 10(6) dalton dextran); SCs for albumin IgG, and IgM were 0.89, 0.83, and 0.24, respectively, indicating their usefulness in the separation of MMs of molecular size greater than IgG. IgM type cold agglutinin antibody (CAA), IC, and RF were effectively removed by these filters from CAA induced hemolytic anemia or rheumatoid vasculitis patients. Using recirculating flow to prevent filter plugging, one EVAL unit was found to be sufficient to treat 2-3 L plasma. These filter properties demonstrate the possible clinical application of EVAL filters for selective MM removal, when specific MM removal is indicated for the treatment of specific diseases.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Correlation between pharmacological and opiate receptor binding activities of tetrapeptide acylhydrazide analogs of enkephalin.

The pharmacological and opiate receptor binding activities of four synthetic tetrapeptide acylhydrazide analogs of enkephalin (EK compound) were compared with those of reference compounds. EK-159 administered subcutaneously was less analgesic, while EK-209, EK-259 and EK-272 were more potent than morphine in the hot plate, Haffner's and phenylquinone writhing tests in mice. EK-272 being the most active was comparable to what was found with FK-33824. IC50 values of EK compounds in a sodium-free medium in the opiate receptor binding assay were lower than the values seen with morphine. The binding activities of EK compounds in 100 mM NaCl medium showed a clearer correlation with their analgesic activities than was seen in the absence of sodium ion. The binding affinity of EK-272 was the highest and the sodium response ratio (IC50 + NaCl/IC50-NaCl) was slightly lower than that of pentazocine. The analgesic action in rodents, respiratory inhibition in rabbits, inhibition of intestinal movement in mice, and hyperthermic action in rats, were all qualitatively, but not quantitatively similar to the effects seen with morphine. The analgesic action of EK compounds was relatively resistant to the antagonizing effect of naloxone and the EK compounds modified the analgesic action of morphine. These properties were inversely correlated with the sodium response ratios.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1980

C-19393 S2 and H2, new carbapenem antibiotics. II. isolation and structures.

Two new beta-lactam antibiotics, C-19393 S2 (1) and H2 (2), were isolated from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces griseus subsp. cryophilus nov. subsp. The structures were determined by spectral analysis as shown in Fig. 2. The antibiotics have broad antimicrobial activity and strongly inhibit beta-lactamases. The minor product (2) is more stable than cephalosporin C in aqueous solution.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗