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Biomedical subjects

S Shima

Publications and source records attributed to S Shima.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Psychological and social correlates of the onset of affective disorders among pregnant women.

One hundred and twenty women recruited from attenders at the antenatal clinic of the Obstetrics Department of a general hospital were asked to complete ad hoc questionnaires during pregnancy; they were then interviewed by psychiatrists using a structured diagnostic interview, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS). Nineteen (16%) women were identified as having an onset of an affective disorder during the period of pregnancy, mainly (68%) during the first trimester. As compared with the women without any such onset (controls), the women with pregnancy-related affective disorder (PRAD) were characterized by (1) it being their first pregnancy or first delivery with past termination of pregnancy, (2) early loss of either parent by death, (3) high Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) Neuroticism (N) and Psychoticism (P) scores, (4) living in a flat with either a plan to stay there after the forthcoming childbirth or an expectation that their accommodation would be crowded, and (5) negative response to the news of the pregnancy by the husband with low intimacy. The effects of these factors were additive since the probability of developing a PRAD episode was highly correlated with the number of factors reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of different scoring systems for the Japanese version of the General Health Questionnaire.

The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) is a self-rating questionnaire to identify current non-organic non-psychotic morbidity. Each item of the GHQ has four response codes; the left-side one represents the most healthy while the right-side one the most ill. The ability of four scoring systems of the GHQ items to discriminate psychiatric cases from non-cases, 0-0-0-1 (codes 1-3 = 0, code 4 = 1), 0-0-1-1 (codes 1 and 2 = 0, codes 3 and 4 = 1, the original GHQ scoring) and 0-1-1-1 (code 1 = 0, codes 2-4 = 1), were compared against the greatest increase in the rate of cases between neighbouring codes and by using discriminant function analysis with the three scoring systems as predictors among 108 antenatal clinic attenders. The data revealed that the original GHQ scoring was the most valid in its ability to identify psychiatric cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Characterization of adrenergic receptors in membranes from the rat seminal vesicle.

Characterization of adrenergic receptors in membranes from the rat seminal vesicle was studied by radioligand binding assay. Seminal vesicle membranes contained saturable and high affinity binding sites for the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist 3H-dihydroalprenolol (3H-DHA) and for the alpha-adrenergic antagonist 3H-prazosin. The observed order of potency for adrenergic agonists in competing for the 3H-DHA binding sites: isoproterenol > epinephrine congruent to salbutamol > norepinephrine indicates that these membrane receptors have the properties of beta 2-adrenergic receptors. alpha 1-Adrenergic receptors were defined mainly as alpha 1A subtypes by demonstrating their insensitivity to pretreatment with chlorethylclonidine and the different rank orders of antagonist affinities. No significant binding sites for the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist 3H-clonidine were observed. The GTP-induced reduction in the affinity of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors for epinephrine was significantly reversed by the muscarinic cholinergic agonist carbachol. Atropine effectively antagonized this effect of carbachol on the competitive inhibition of 3H-prazosin binding by epinephrine in the presence of GTP, which suggests that muscarinic cholinergic receptors regulate the affinity of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors by modulating the effect of guanine nucleotides. The effect of GTP on decreasing the affinity of beta 2-adrenergic receptors was not influenced by the addition of carbachol.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Use of readily available data for identifying local health care needs and resources.

Health departments everywhere are struggling to balance shrinking resources against increasing requests for services. According to the Institute of Medicine report, The Future of Public Health, one of the barriers to solving public health problems is "... disjointed decision-making without necessary data and knowledge ..." (p. 107). Leadership of the Middle Tennessee Region of the Tennessee Department of Health have addressed this issue by developing a practical, usable data base from which to consider the needs and resources of the region.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1992

Effects of androgen on alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors in membranes from the rat seminal vesicle.

The effects of castration and androgen-replacement on adrenergic receptors in membranes from the rat seminal vesicle were studied. Membranes from seminal vesicles showed saturable and high-affinity binding sites for the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, [3H]dihydroalprenolol ([3H]DHA), and the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor antagonist, [3H]prazosin. Castration markedly reduced beta-adrenergic receptors with decreasing the effect of GTP modulating the receptor-ligand affinity, suggesting defects in both the receptor per se and the guanine-nucleotides-regulating mechanism after castration. In contrast, castration increased alpha 1-adrenergic receptors and androgen-replacement reversed this change. The effects of GTP decreasing the alpha 1-receptor binding affinity to the radioligand were observed to a similar extent in the castrated and control membranes. These results demonstrate an inverse regulation by androgen on beta- and alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in membranes of the rat seminal vesicle.

Androgens↗
PubMed1992

Effects of androgen treatment on adenylate cyclase system in rat hepatic membranes.

Effects of androgen treatment of young female rats on glucagon- and catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity and adrenergic receptors of hepatic membranes have been studied. Injections of testosterone propionate for 7 days showed a significant decrease in the adenylate cyclase activity responding to isoproterenol and glucagon. The decrease in hormonal stimulation of the enzyme was accompanied with the fall in activation by non-hormonal stimuli, such as forskolin, sodium fluoride, Gpp(NH)p and Mn, without any changes in the number and the affinity of beta-adrenergic receptors of the membrane. These results suggest that androgens exert post-receptor effects by inhibiting the activity of the catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase system in rat hepatic membranes.

Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1992

Adrenergic receptors and adenylate cyclase activity in hepatocytes of the streptozotocin-diabetic rat.

Effects of short and long exposure to the diabetic state induced by an injection of streptozotocin to young female rats on glucagon- and catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity and adrenergic receptors of hepatic membranes have been studied. The short period of exposure to the diabetic state exhibited an increase in the sensitivity of the enzyme to isoproterenol without changes in the affinity and the number of beta-adrenergic receptors. The increased response of adenylate cyclase activity to isoproterenol was accompanied with a greater GTP-induced lowering of the affinity to the beta-adrenergic agonist in diabetic membranes than in the controls. The chronic diabetic state produced a decrease in the adenylate cyclase activity to hormonal or non-hormonal stimuli with a fall in the number of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors. These results suggest that the observed effects of the diabetic state on hormonally sensitive adenylate cyclase activities and their receptor binding sites of the hepatic membranes would vary depending on the duration and/or severity of the diabetic state experimentally induced.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1992

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen.

The case of a 39-year-old man with inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen is presented. This is an extremely rare benign lesion with histologic features of non-specific inflammatory and reparative changes. The literature is reviewed and this case is compared clinically and radiologically with the previously reported cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Ciliary beat of cultured human respiratory cells studied with differential interference microscope and high speed video system.

The ciliary beating of upper respiratory tract cells cultured on cover glasses was studied by using differential interference microscope equipped with high speed video. By culturing the cells on collagen coated cover glasses, objectives with higher magnifications could be used. With this system we could evaluate not only ciliary beat frequency, but also amplitude, wave form, orientation and synchrony of ciliary beating. Also some structural anomalies such as compound cilia and tide cilia bundles could be recognized. Ciliary beat frequency measured from 1,026 ciliated cells was 20.6 +/- 4.7 Hz (mean +/- SD). The orientation of ciliary beat directions was random and the mean standard deviation for measured angles was 73.0 degrees +/- 28.9 degrees (mean SD +/- SD). When the ciliary beat frequency was 20 Hz, the time used for effective phase was 0.022 +/- 0.002 s (mean +/- SD), and 0.028 +/- 0.004 s (mean +/- SD) for the recovery phase of beat. This system is advantageous for studying ciliary function because all parts can be studied simultaneously with higher magnification, and the effects of chemical physical mediators can be studied without disturbing effects of the autonomic nervous system or secretory cells. Also, the same cells could be observed before and after challenge with test medication and thus evaluated more accurately.

Cilia↗
PubMed1992

[Mitomycin-C-sensitive carcinoid tumor of the gallbladder: report of a case].

A case of carcinoid tumor of the gallbladder, which was sensitive to mitomycin-C is reported. A 49-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with a 2-month history of epigastralgia. He underwent right extended lobectomy of the liver, pancreaticoduodenectomy and lymph node dissection. Histology revealed a carcinoid tumor of the gallbladder with invasion of the liver and lymph node metastasis. About 2 months after the operation, right supraclavicular lymph node metastasis was detected and CT scan revealed abdominal paraaortic lymph node metastasis. The patient was given cis-platinum, but the right supraclavicular lymph node metastasis increased in size and number. After administration of mitomycin-C, the paraaortic lymph node metastasis disappeared. Carcinoid tumor obtained from the right supraclavicular lesion was inoculated into BALB/c nude mice, and sensitivity to anticancer drugs was assayed. This carcinoid tumor was sensitive to mitomycin-C but not to cisplatinum, adriamycin, or nimustine.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Nucleotide sequence analysis of the endoglucanase-encoding gene, celCCD, of Clostridium cellulolyticum.

The nucleotide sequence of the Clostridium cellulolyticum endo-beta-1,4- glucanase (EGCCD)-encoding gene, celCCD, and its flanking regions, was determined. The open reading frame encodes a protein (Mr 66,061) which consists of 584 amino acids (aa). The N terminus shows the features of the typical signal peptide, with a cleavage site after Gly24. The protein could be divided into N-terminal and C-terminal regions by an intermediate Pro + Thr-rich sequence. Deletion analysis suggests the C-terminal region is not necessary for EG activity. The predicted aa sequence of the mature protein was similar to those of the central catalytic and the following C-terminal regions of the C. thermocellum endoglucanase H (EGH; identity, 58.8%). The N-terminal region resembled that of the endoglucanase, EGCCA, from C. cellulolyticum (identity, 24.7%; 336 aa) and the endoglucanase, EGE, from C. thermocellum (identity, 31.4%; 373 aa). The C-terminal regions ended with two conserved 21-aa stretches which had close similarity to each other. The C-terminal sequence was also highly similar to the reiterated domain of several EG and a xylanase from C. thermocellum, and of an EG from C. cellulolyticum.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Anticerebral antibodies in functional psychoses.

Anticerebral antibodies to rabbit brain were investigated by the indirect immunofluorescence method in the sera of 44 schizophrenics and 52 depressives diagnosed according to DSM-III-R, and of 54 healthy volunteers. Four types of staining pattern were observed: type A (nerve cells), type B (blood vessels), type C (nuclei), and type D (glial cells); 34.1% of schizophrenics (27.3% after the absorption with rabbit liver acetone powder) showed type A, as compared with 3.8% (1.9% after the absorption) of depressives and with none of the controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A prospective study of tardive dyskinesia in Japan.

A large-scale, prospective study of tardive dyskinesia (TD) was performed in 11 psychiatric facilities in Japan. A total of 1595 psychiatric patients were enrolled in this study in 1987. The progress of these patients, with the exception of 490 dropouts, has now been followed up to 1988. The prevalence of TD at study entry was 7.6%, the annual incidence rate was 3.7% and the annual remission rate was 28.7%. Newly developed TD patients tended to be older, to have undergone more psychosurgery, and to have had lower neuroleptic doses than the patients who had not developed TD, whereas no specific variable could be detected as a factor associated with remission of TD. The results suggest that the incidence of TD is lower in Japan than that in Europe and North America.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1991

[A study on urinary tin in healthy adults: relationship between the concentration of urinary tin and life style].

The concentrations of urinary tin in healthy adults in Aichi prefecture were determined by anodic stripping voltammetry over a period of three years (1986-1988), to obtain the normal tin level in urine and to elucidate the influence of environmental alterations on health conditions in the future. In addition to the above-mentioned method, the relationship to life style, dietary habits, smoking habits and living environment were studied, and the following results were obtained. 1) The mean +/- standard deviation of urinary tin levels for males was 3.7 +/- 2.2 (micrograms/g creatinine), and 5.9 +/- 3.0 (micrograms/g creatinine) for females. The data showed logarithmic normal distributions in both sexes, and the mean concentration for females was significantly higher than that for males (P less than 0.001). The levels of urinary tin concentrations significantly increased according with age. 2) Significant correlations of urinary tin concentrations between two observations were noticed in repeated by observed subjects. 3) As to the dietary habits, fish intake increased the urinary tin concentration, but no definite association with canned-food intake was observed. 4) Smoking habits and living environment also showed a tendency to increase the urinary tin concentration, but the difference was not statistically significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effects of chronic treatment with adrenocorticotropin on adenylate cyclase activity in the adrenal cortex.

The effects of prolonged administration of ACTH in vivo on adenylate cyclase activity in the zona glomerulosa (the capsular fraction) and the zona fasciculata-reticularis (the decapsulated fraction) of rat adrenocortical glands were investigated. Hyperresponsiveness of adenylate cyclase activity to ACTH in vitro was observed for both the capsular and the decapsulated fractions from ACTH-treated rats with a similar magnitude of stimulation by NaF, the guanine nucleotide or forskolin. There were no differences in binding sites for ACTH in membranes between the ACTH- and the saline-treated rats. The augmenting effects of the in vivo ACTH treatment on the enzyme stimulated by ACTH were accompanied by an increased sensitivity to the guanine nucleotide, suggesting that ACTH treatment in vivo was followed by an increased efficacy in coupling of the ACTH receptors to the adenylate cyclase complex associated with the guanine nucleotide regulatory components.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1990

Multiple controls by adenosine receptors on the adenylate cyclase in the rat hepatic membrane.

The effects of an adenosine analog, N6-phenyl-isopropyl-adenosine (PIA), on the glucagon-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in rat hepatic membranes were studied. Adenosine at high concentrations (greater than 10 microM) has been reported exclusively to inhibit the adenylate cyclase via intracellular P-sites of the hepatic membrane. The stimulation by glucagon of the enzyme was attenuated by nanomolar concentrations of PIA in the presence of low concentrations (less than 1.0 microM) of GTP, indicating the effect of the guanine nucleotide inhibitory system (Ni). This inhibition by PIA required the presence of sodium chloride and was antagonized with isobutyl methylxanthine, an antagonist for the extracellular R-site receptors. The inhibitory effects of PIA disappeared and reversed into a stimulatory phase with increasing concentrations of GTP, suggesting the presence of a stimulatory (Ns) and an inhibitory (Ni) guanine nucleotide system of the enzyme in the action of the adenosine. PIA concentrations over a micromolar were observed to stimulate the enzyme activity in a GTP-dependent manner, indicating the presence of the stimulatory receptor (A2 or Ra) coupled to the Ns. These results suggest that receptors for adenosine of the inhibitory type (A1 or Ri) and the stimulatory type (A2 or Ra) are present on the rat hepatic membrane, showing multiple controls of the adenylate cyclase system, depending on the cellular concentrations of GTP and/or sodium chloride.

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗