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Biomedical subjects

S Shibata

Publications and source records attributed to S Shibata.

At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Hemoglobin Hoshida (beta43 (cd-2) Glu leads to Gln), a new hemoglobin variant discovered in Japan.

An electrophoretically G-like hemoglobin variant, Hb Hoshida, was detected from a ten year old girl and her mother. No clinical and hematological abnormalities were seen in the individuals heterozygous for this mutant gene. Structural studies of this abnormal hemoglobin demonstrated a previously undescribed substitution of beta43 (CD-2) Glu leads to Gln. The proportion of the abnormal hemoglobin in hemolysate was 42.1 per cent. The hemoglobin revealed neither instabilities nor functional abnormalities.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Non-group D streptococcal meningitis misidentified as enterococcal meningitis. Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of misdiagnosis by screening microbiology.

Two patients had nonhemolytic Gram-positive coccal meningitis. Both pathogens were initially misidentified as a group D enterococcus by growth in "selective" media, which led to the use of inappropriate and potentially toxic systemic and intrathecal aminoglycosides. Careful evaluation of the antibiotic sensitivity data and additional microbiological studies allowed correct identification of the organism. The important diagnostic and therapeutic considerations in differentiating true enterococcal infections, especially meningitis, from those caused by other alpha-hemolytic or nonhemolytic streptococci are emphasized. A simple laboratory schema for rapid recognition of such pathogens is reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Diabetes insipidus after surgery of intracranial arterial aneurysms--with special reference to the human ADH and aldosterone secretion (author's transl)].

The cases of diabetes insipidus (DI) after surgery of intracranial aneurysms were reported and discussed. 1. Of 112 patients operated on for intracranial arterial aneurysm (microsurgical approach), four patients (3.6%) showed DI in the postoperative period. In 3 cases of these 4, the aneurysms located on the anterior communicating artery and the remaining one was the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. 2. The exact mechanism of occurrence of DI is obscure. We suppose that not only vascular spasm of branches of the anterior cerebral and anterior communicating arteries supplying to the paraventricular and preoptic nucleus, but also surgical trauma with direct tissue injury might explain the symptoms. 3. All patients showed a monophasic type of DI which started 1 to 4 days after surgery and lasted from 6 up to 9 days. 4. Two patients with DI showed decreased plasma ADH values below 0.6 microunits/ml in the few days prior to the appearance of abnormally large amount of urinary output. Therefore, once the diagnosis of postoperative DI is made, the patients should be managed promptly with the replacement therapy of Aqueous pitressin. 5. A slow continuous infusion of Aqueous pitressin in the range of 1 to 1.5 IU/hr effectively reduce the polyuria which were not controlled by intermittent intramuscular injections.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Nephritogenoside, the receptor glycoprotein for concanavalin A in rat glomerular basement membrane. Demonstration of alpha-D-glucopyranosyl unit at the non-reducing terminus.

Rat glomerular basement membrane was extracted for 3 h with trypsin, pH 8.0. The supernatant solution was treated with trichloroacetic acid and the supernatant thus obtained was applied to Bio-Gel P200. The first of the two glycoprotein peaks was applied onto Sepharose derivatives of concanavalin A (Con A). Examination of the material retained by the unsolubilized Con A and subsequently eluted with methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside reveals that the principal high affinity receptor for Con A is the renal glycoprotein, having antigenic activity that induces nephrotoxic antibody. This glycoprotein has also nephritogenicity (the activity capable of inducing glomerulonephritis in homologous animals by a single foot pad injection with Freund's incomplete adjuvant). Evidence is given to show that this binding is specific. The remainder of the renal glycoprotein is unretarded and is revealed to contain none of the activities described above. When fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled Con A is, conversely, injected into rats through the renal artery, the specific binding of Con A to the glomerular capillary loop is proved. The results demonstrated appear to, indicate that the receptor for Con A present in normal rat glomerular basement membrane can be identified as the well-established chemical substance, the nephritogenoside, having the alpha-D-glucopyranosyl unit at the non-reducing terminus which is facing the endothelial aspects of the glomerular capillary loop.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Adrenergic mechanism in cold stored taenia caecum after rewarming.

After cold storage of guinea-pig taenia strips for 4 days at 2 degrees C, structures with specific catecholamine fluorescence were not observed. Upon incubation in Krebs Ringer medium (37 degrees C) the fluorescence in the cold stored tissue reappeared and the density of fluorescence was comparable to that of fresh preparations. The specific fluorescence was affected following reserpine or 6-hydroxydopamine treatment; however, the rewarming process restored fluorescence only in the reserpine-treated tissue. The cold storage treatment (4 and 7 days) also decreased the tissue noradrenaline and dopamine contents and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity and inhibited the [3H-noradrenaline release from the tissue, all of which were not restored by the incubation procedure. Moreover, in these cold stored taenia the inhibitory effect to nicotine and perivascular nerve stimulation were not manifested. Therefore, the reappearance of specific fluorescence in the cold stored taenia strips after rewarming does not assure functional recovery of adrenergic nerve activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Simple deep hypothermia for open heart surgery in infancy.

Results of open cardiac surgery under deep simple hypothermia in 121 infants with body weight of less than 10 kg are reported. Deep ether anaesthesia combined with large quantities of ganglion blocking agents (triflupromazine 3 mg/kg) constitutes the anaesthetic management of choice for deep surface-induced hypothermia. The mean lowest oesophageal temperature was 20.8 degrees C, and 18.9 degrees C rectally. The mean circulatory arrest time was 40 minutes. Seventeen infants (14.0 per cent) died post-operatively. There were no operative deaths attributable to failure of cardiac resuscitation. This technique widens the scope of open heart surgery in small infants. Most of the surgically correctable malformations should be operable by this method. More than the potential hazards of hypothermia, which we believe are solved by our technique, the major problem posed by surgery in these small infants is the trans and post-operative respiratory management.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1977

Effect of isoprenaline and phenylephrine on the adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate content and mechanical activity of cold-stored and fresh taenia caecum from the guinea-pig.

1. Cold storage treatment of the guinea-pig taenia caecum had a greater inhibitory effect on the isoprenaline-induced relaxation than that induced by phenylephrine. Prolonged cold storage (12-14 days) almost abolished the effect of isoprenaline but only reduced the phenylephrine effect. The ED50 of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) that elicited muscle relaxation was not altered by the prolonged cold storage. 2. After cold storage treatment, tissue cyclic AMP content was decreased; however, isoprenaline still caused a dose-dependent increase in the cyclic AMP level. The threshold dose of isoprenaline for cyclic AMP accumulation was the same in fresh and cold-stored preparations. 3. In the fresh preparation, the onset of the isoprenaline (10(-6)M)-induced relaxation preceded the increase in tissue cyclic AMP. 4. Isoprenaline, phenylephrine, adrenaline and noradrenaline at doses (ED50) sufficient to induce muscle relaxation did not always increase the cyclic AMP level. 5. Similarly, the responses to papaverine and nitroglycerine were not accompanied by an increase in cyclic AMP. 6. The adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase (low and high Km) activities of taenia caecum were not attenuated by the prolonged cold storage. 7. Propranolol inhibited both the isoprenaline-induced relazation and cyclic AMP accumulation; however, the pA2 values were significantly different for the two events. 8. Based on these results, both the relaxation and cyclic AMP accumulation caused by isoprenaline are mediated by activation of beta-adrenoceptors but are independent phenomena.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1977

Reactivity of isolated human cerebral arteries to biogenic amines.

Serotonin (5-HT), histamine, norepinephrine, methoxamine and isoproterenol caused dose-dependent contraction of human cerebral arteries. The potency of 5-HT was greater among test agents in the basilar arteries, whereas it was equivalent to that of norepinephrine in human anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries. Acetylcholine and carbachol (10(-9)-10(-5) M) caused a negligible response in human cerebral arteries. Contractile response to 5-HT was greater in the distal rather than middle portion of the human basilar arteries while this order was reversed in the response to norepinephrine. Tyramine (10(-4) M) caused tonic contraction and nicotine (10(-4) M) and electrical transmural stimulation produced phasic contraction of arteries which were antagonized by adrenergic blocking agents. Adenine nucleotides failed to cause relaxation and only high concentration of adenosine caused a minute relaxation. However, papaverine and nitroglycerin caused marked relaxation. These results suggest that adrenergic mechanism may play a role in the regulation of vascular tone in human cerebral arteries.

Acetylcholine↗