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Biomedical subjects

S Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to S Sharma.

At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Combined treatment modalities in esophageal cancer.

Esophageal cancer has been conventionally treated with surgery and radiotherapy for many years. The overall results for all cancers are poor because the majority of patients present late for therapy. The advent of increasingly effective chemotherapeutic drugs--used as single agents and in combination--for squamous cancer has added one more modality in the management of esophageal cancer. Previous publications from this institution and in the literature have indicated the palliative efficacy of such chemotherapy management along with surgery and radiotherapy, particularly for advanced disease. The selection of an individual patient likely to respond to chemotherapy, the number of cycles to be given, and their exact timing in relation to radiotherapy and/or surgery still remains a matter of debate. With appropriate endoscopic and imaging techniques, chemotherapy responsive and non-responsive lesions can be generally identified; even radiotherapy responses can be predicted with appropriate evaluation in a majority of cases. This assessment avoids delay in instituting the most appropriate type of treatment for a given patient with esophageal cancer. Cisplatinum-based front-loading (anterior) chemotherapy was used in 75 patients of locally advanced esophageal cancer (greater than 7.5 cm on esophagogram) with a 76% (57/75) overall response rate and 10% (8/75) showing complete responses as judged by esophagogram, endoscopy; and surgical resection in 7. Patients evaluable for 2- and 3-year survivals show a control rate of 35% and 24%, respectively, which is better than hitherto reported for advanced esophageal cancer. Similar reports are now available in the literature, and further studies with combined therapy should be pursued to improve the salvage rates in the usual advanced case of esophageal cancer.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1989

A genetic and anthropological study of atlanto-occipital fusion.

Families of 20 probands with atlanto-occipital fusion were studied, and the neurological complications in these patients described. In X-ray studies of 115 close relatives, 4 additional cases (3.5%) with the same anomaly were detected. In a comparison of adult patients with closely related age- and sex-matched controls, all anthropological measurements except length and breadth of the head tended to be smaller in the patients; for height, weight, leg and foot length, and the robusticity index, these differences were statistically significant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Clinical and experimental mycotic corneal ulcer caused by Aspergillus fumigatus and the effect of oral ketoconazole in the treatment.

Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from a case of keratomycosis. The patient, a 12-year-old boy presented with large corneal ulcer with hypopyon. The direct microscopic examination of scrapings revealed hyaline, septate mycelium. In vitro some antimycotics (amphotericin B,5-fluorocytosine, oxiconazole, amorolfine and ketoconazole) were tested against A. fumigatus by agar dilution method. Ketoconazole with minimum inhibitory concentration of 30 micrograms/ml after 11 days of incubation was most effective against A. fumigatus. Experimental corneal ulcer was produced by injecting intralamellary spore suspension (2.5 x 10(6) c.f.u.) into the right eyes of previously immunosuppressed albino and black wild types of rabbits. The extent of ocular infection was graded up to 32 days. Histopathologic examination showed infiltration and large destruction of corneal stroma. Oral ketoconazole therapy exhibited partial response followed by relapse. The black type of rabbit appeared more suitable as an animal model for mycotic keratitis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

2,2'-Dicarbomethoxyamino-5,5'-dibenzimidazolyl ketone--a new antifilarial agent.

The activity of 2,2'-dicarbomethoxyamino-5,5'-dibenzimidazolyl ketone (II, C.D.R.I. Comp. 82/437) has been evaluated for its micro- and macro-filaricidal efficacy against Litomosoides carinii in rodents. A dose of 3 mg/kg (i.p.) and 50 mg/kg (oral) x 5 days of Comp. 82/437 was found to eliminate almost 100% of adult worms and microfilariae of L. carinii in cotton rat. It also killed 100% and 97% of adult worms and microfilariae of Dipetalonema viteae and Brugia malayi in Mastomys natalensis respectively, at 150 and 200 mg/kg x 5 days orally. The compound also exhibited marked chemoprophylactic and in vitro activity against L. carinii.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Peripheral blood T lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with tuberculosis and the effect of chemotherapy.

Peripheral blood T lymphocytes and their subsets were determined in 30 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (15 smear positive and 15 smear negative) and 11 healthy individuals. All patients were assessed clinically, radiologically, bacteriologically and by tuberculin testing, and their lymphocyte counts were repeated after completion of 3 months chemotherapy. The mean ratio of putative helper/suppressor T cell subsets (CD4/CD8) of healthy individuals was 1.8 (range 1.1-2.5). These ratios were independent of tuberculin reactivity and were unaffected by BCG vaccination. In both smear positive and smear negative patients there was a reduction in the total T cell and CD4 counts and an increase in the CD8 count, with a concomitant reduction in the CD4/CD8 ratio. Following successful chemotherapy, the mean CD4/CD8 ratios reverted from 0.82 to 1.57 in smear positive patients and 0.88 to 1.52 in smear negative patients, these being near normal values.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Angiographic abnormalities of the morphologically left ventricle in the presence of Ebstein's malformation.

Cineangiography of the morphologically left ventricle was performed in 10 patients with Ebstein's malformation. The angiographic findings included left ventricular contour abnormalities (8), mitral valve prolapse (7) and global hypokinesia (5). Left ventricular abnormalities were present whether the left ventricle was normally placed or in mirror-image position in congenitally corrected transposition. Abnormalities of the morphologically left ventricle in Ebstein's malformation have received little attention in the past. Frequent occurrence of these abnormalities should make careful evaluation of the morphologically left ventricle mandatory in all patients with Ebstein's malformation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Pulmonary arterial anatomy in tetralogy of Fallot.

We have searched for any abnormalities of the pulmonary arteries visualized by angiography in 200 consecutive patients with tetralogy of Fallot. All the patients were studied by conventional right ventricular angiography in the right and left anterior oblique views. Thirty six patients (18%) showed a total of 61 pulmonary artery stenoses, 32 being severe (52%), 17 moderate (28%) and 12 mild (20%). Bifurcational stenoses were the most common (31), followed by stenosis of the main pulmonary trunk, the right or the left pulmonary arteries (22), combined central and peripheral stenosis (6), and isolated peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis (2). Nine patients showed segmental stenosis involving both the right and left pulmonary arteries and three of them had atresia of the left pulmonary artery. The detailed preoperative evaluation of obstruction within the pulmonary arterial pathways is essential in tetralogy of Fallot to ensure normalisation of the right ventricular pressure following total correction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Collateral circulation to the diagonal artery from the infundibular coronary artery in obstructive coronary arterial disease.

We report an unusual collateral pathway from the isolated infundibular (third coronary) artery to the diagonal artery in a young adult male with a history of recent anteroseptal myocardial infarction and apparently angiographically normal left and right coronary arteries. The isolated infundibular (conus) artery is an important source of collateral pathways in obstructive coronary arterial disease. Its selective arteriography is essential for complete angiographic evaluation of these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Digital subtraction venography for assessment of deep venous thrombosis in the arms following pacemaker implantation.

We recently performed digital subtraction venography and detected axillary venous thrombosis in a 56-year-old female with nonspecific symptoms related to the right arm following a permanent transvenous endocardial pacemaker implantation two years ago. In view of its cost-effectiveness and less invasive approach, digital venography appears ideally suited for evaluation of the frequently occurring subclinical deep venous thrombosis in these patients.

Arm↗
PubMed1989

The effects of gamma radiation on the properties of composite restorative resins.

The effects of gamma radiation at therapeutic dosage levels on the physical properties of three anterior (two light-cured and one autocure) composites and a light-cured posterior composite were studied. Gamma radiation had no effect on the autocured composite but had varied effects on the light-cured systems. The diametral tensile strength and dimensional stability were unaffected, water sorption and solubility were reduced but surface and bulk hardnesses were increased with the hardness increases linearly related to the radiation dosage. These effects may arise from continued polymerization of the air-inhibited surface layer and possibility of low molecular weight entities within the matrix. Overall, therapeutic levels of gamma radiation had no detrimental effects on the physical properties of the composite resins.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1989

Fluorescein-conjugated lectin visualization of fungi and acanthamoebae in infectious keratitis.

The authors investigated the efficacy of two fluorescein-conjugated lectins (FCLs), concanavalin A (F-ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin (F-WGA), to visualize microorganisms from clinical specimens with documented mycotic and acanthamoebic keratitis. Corneal scrapings from 18 patients with culture-proven keratomycosis and deparaffinized histopathologic specimens from five culture-proven cases of acanthamoebic keratitis were evaluated. The F-ConA provided consistently bright staining of the mycotic structures in each of the corneal scrapings. Both F-ConA and F-WGA stained acanthamoebic trophozoites and cysts in the histopathologic specimens. In both the corneal scrapings and the histopathologic specimens, the microorganisms were easily differentiated from background corneal cells and tissue. These staining patterns correlate well with the results from experimental studies, and with the known cell wall carbohydrate compositions for fungi and acanthamoebae. This study provides further evidence that FCLs (particularly F-ConA) may eventually become effective first-line stains for the visualization of microorganisms in specimens from ocular infections.

Acanthamoeba↗
PubMed1989

Specific immunoglobulin response in mice immunized with porins and challenged with Salmonella typhi.

Specific antiporin antibody (IgG, IgM, and IgA) response was studied in control, infected, immunized-infected, and immunized mice. The activity of specific IgG immunoglobulins was found to be the highest in immunized and immunized-infected groups in which 87.5% protection had been observed by laboratory potency test in mice; the next-highest activities were those of IgM and IgA immunoglobulins. However, in the infected group the activity of specific IgM and IgG immunoglobulins was almost similar.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Efficacy of lignocaine in the suppression of the intra-ocular pressure response to suxamethonium and tracheal intubation.

The effect of lignocaine pretreatment on the intra-ocular pressure response to suxamethonium and tracheal intubation was studied in 80 adult patients, divided randomly into four groups of 20 each. These groups received respectively normal saline (10 ml), lignocaine 1 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg as pretreatment, in a double blind manner, one minute before anaesthetic induction with thiopentone and suxamethonium 1.5 mg/kg. Lignocaine pretreatment caused a significant decrease in intra-ocular pressure. Suxamethonium caused a significant increase, but lignocaine pretreatment in doses of 1.5 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg effectively kept the postsuxamethonium pressure below control values. Tracheal intubation further aggravated the postsuxamethonium increase in intra-ocular pressure. Lignocaine, in doses of 1.5 mg/g and 2 mg/kg also effectively kept the postintubation pressure values below control levels. Lignocaine, in dose of 1 mg/kg, only partially attenuated the postsuxamethonium and postintubation increase in intra-ocular pressure. In conclusion, lignocaine pretreatment, in a dose of 1.5 mg/kg, offers protection against suxamethonium- and tracheal-intubation initiated increases in intra-ocular pressure, without causing any significant decrease in arterial pressure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

More rapid elimination of alcohol in women as compared to their male siblings.

Sex differences in rates of ethanol elimination were investigated in natural siblings to reduce genetic variability as compared to subjects chosen at random. Ethanol was infused intravenously in a dose of 0.6 g/kg of body weight over 45 to 60 min and serial blood samples obtained for 5 hr. The mean rate of ethanol elimination was higher in seven women, not different in one, and lower in one compared with their male siblings. The mean rate of ethanol elimination for all nine women was higher at 1.93 +/- 0.12 as compared with the value of 1.69 +/- 0.17 mmoles/kg body weight/hr in the men (p less than 0.05). Higher rates of ethanol metabolism in women as compared to men may be important in the increased susceptibility of women to liver injury caused by alcohol consumption.

Acetates↗