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Biomedical subjects

S Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to S Sharma.

At least 1,117 records · Page 62Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Seasonal fluctuations in the occurrence of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli diarrhoea.

Enteroinvasive Esch. coli (EIEC) was implicated in 2.1 per cent (57 out of 2661) diarrhoeal patients investigated at Ludhiana (Punjab). The predominant serogroups isolated were 028, 0147, 0124 and 0112. High prevalence of EIEC infection was noticed among infants (50.6%) followed by children up to 10 yr (19.3%). The peak incidence (24.5%) occurred during the hot and dry month of May as compared to 1.7 per cent in February. The disease incidence was positively correlated with mean minimum temperature and mean maximum temperature. All strains gave Sereny's test positive and were mostly susceptible to cephalothin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, furazolidine and neomycin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Percutaneous balloon valvotomy for aortic valve stenosis using single or double balloon technique.

Percutaneous balloon valvotomy was performed in 21 cases (aged 6 to 62 years) with moderate to severe aortic valve stenosis, using either single (16 cases) or double balloon (5 cases) technique. All patients had basal transaortic pressure gradient 50 mmHG or above. A majority of patients had significant haemodynamic improvement immediately following balloon dilatation. The mean systolic transaortic pressure gradient reduced from 94 mmHg (range 50 to 160) to 42 mmHg (range 14 to 82; P less than 0.05) immediately after the dilatation. The final gradient was less than 40 mmHg in 11 cases. The mean cardiac index improved from 3.86 L/min/M2 (range 2.8 to 5.2) to 4.14 L/min/M2 (range 3.4 to 5.6; P:NS) following the procedure. There was no death or major complication related to the intervention. There was a procedure-related mild aortic regurgitation in 4 cases. We conclude that percutaneous balloon dilatation is an effective, safe, low cost, nonsurgical method for treating patients with aortic valve stenosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

High frequency resonant oscillations technique to improve nasal muco-ciliary transport.

A modified high frequency resonant oscillations (HFRO) technique was developed to improve the nasal muco-ciliary transport in patients with impaired ciliary functions due to various chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Twelve healthy males (group I) and ten patients suffering from malignancy of the upper respiratory tract (group II) were exposed to HFRO in order of 200, 250, 300, 400, 500 Hz respectively. The muco-ciliary transport (MCT) was assessed by using saccharine clearance time technique. A significant improvement in MCT was observed in both the groups at all the frequency levels, more so in the range of 400 and 500 Hz. An overall relative improvement of 174 per cent (P less than 0.01) in group I and 145 per cent (P less than 0.001) in group II was observed. No significant side effects were noted.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1990

Bilirubin crystals in peripheral blood smears from neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia.

Peripheral blood smears from 118 hyperbilirubinaemic neonates and 10 neonates with physiological jaundice were screened for the presence of bilirubin crystals. Smears were made from EDTA anticoagulated blood from 107 hyperbilirubinaemic neonates and capillary blood from 11 cases. In sixty-three (58.8%) of the 107 EDTA smears, yellow-coloured refractile rhomboid crystals were seen within the cytoplasm of the neutrophils, band forms, metamyelocytes, myelocytes, monocytes, and also extra-cellularly. The mean serum unconjugated bilirubin value was significantly higher (293.8 mumol/l) in neonates with crystals in their smears as compared to those without crystals (242.2 mumol/l). In septicaemic neonates the proportion of neutrophil-containing crystals was higher than in the case of other aetiological factors responsible for unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. None of the smears made from non-anticoagulated capillary blood showed bilirubin crystals.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1990

Limitation of experimental myocardial infarct size by magnesium sulfate pre-treatment in dogs.

The present study was designed to evaluate the ability of magnesium sulfate (30 mg/kg, iv, 24 hr and 2 hr prior) to limit myocardial infarct size following permanent left coronary artery occlusion in adult mongrel dogs. Non-perfused myocardium which is the area at risk was visualised by injecting methylene blue intraatrially, 24 hr after coronary artery occlusion. The infarcted myocardium was visualised by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Infarct size (expressed as % of the risk zone) was significantly reduced in the treatment group (P less than 0.001). We conclude that magnesium sulfate exerted a potent prophylactic effect in limiting the infarct size in the dogs with permanent coronary artery occlusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted benzimidazoles, 1,3,4-thiadiazoles and 3,5-diiodosalicylanilides as structural congeners of rafoxanide and closantel.

The synthesis of a series of 2,5-disubstituted benzimidazoles (8-10, 13), substituted 3,5-diodosalicylanilides (6, 7, 11, 12, 16-29), 2-(4-substituted phenyl)-4-aroylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles (33-38) and benzoxazines (14, 30, 31) has been carried out as the structural congeners of rafoxanide and closantel. All the compounds have been tested for their anthelmintic activity against Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Hymenolepis nana and Cysticecus fasciolaris in rodents. Compounds 8, 22 and 23 exhibited 90-100% elimination of the hookworms A. ceylanicum and tapeworms H. nana from hamsters and rats, respectively, at an oral dose 50-250 mg/kg body mass.

Ancylostoma↗
PubMed1990

Preliminary experience with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in haematological disorders in India.

Between March 1983 and December 1985, six patients with haematological disorders (four acute nonlymphocytic leukaemias, one chronic phase chronic myeloid leukaemia and one severe aplastic anaemia have undergone allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Four of the 6 patients are alive and free from disease between 33+ and 55+ months; two patients died due to grade IV acute graft versus host disease (GVHD).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Recurrent myocardial infarction in a young patient with normal coronary arteries.

A 33 year old patient with two acute myocardial ischaemic episodes (one, a probable inferior wall infarction and the second, a definitive Q wave anterior wall infarction) within a span of 6 months, with angiographically documented normal coronary arteries, is reported. Coronary artery spasm studies performed using ergonovine during the second coronary angiography, could not provoke spasm. The mechanism of recurrent infarction remains unclear.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Anthelmintic profile of methyl 5(6)-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl) carbonylbenzimidazole-2-carbamate in experimental helminthiases.

Biological evaluation of methyl 5(6)-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl) carbonylbenzimidazole-2-carbamate against Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Syphacia obvelata, Hymenolepis nana, H. diminuta and Cysticercus fasciolaris in experimental animals is reported. The compound (mg/kg) causes 100% elimination of A. ceylanicum (25 x 1), N. brasiliensis (100 x 1), S. obvelata (50 x 1), H. nana (250 x 3) and C. fasciolaris (50 x 10). It was also effective against the developing larvae (L3, L4 and L5) of A. ceylanicum at a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg. Another study indicated that the compound elicits 100% response within 32 hr of drug administration. The drug is well tolerated and LD50 is greater than 4500 mg/kg.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Intermediate-dose methotrexate and cisplatin in the treatment of advanced epidermoid esophageal carcinoma. Response rate and disease-free survival.

Seventeen patients with inoperable locoregional disease (epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus) were treated only with two courses of intermediate-dose methotrexate (200 mg/m2 on day 1) and cisplatin (20 mg/m2/d for 5 days). According to the response criteria, 14 (82.4%) achieved a good response (GR) and 3 (17.6%) showed no response (NR). The median recurrence-free survival time was 5 months (range, 2 to 16 months) in seven patients with regular follow-up. Three patients are still alive and disease-free at 37+, 44+, and 51+ months. No patient received radiotherapy or surgery after chemotherapy until recurrence. This combination schedule appears to be effective in advanced esophageal carcinoma.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1989

Treatment with anti-L3T4 (CD4) monoclonal antibody reduces the inflammatory response in toxoplasmic encephalitis.

Toxoplasma gondii is an important cause of disease of the central nervous system in patients with AIDS. Among the variety of immunologic disorders encountered by AIDS patients is a depletion of CD4+ subpopulation of lymphocytes. In order to determine the role of this population of T lymphocytes in the generation of toxoplasmic encephalitis, mice chronically infected with T. gondii were treated with mAb GK1.5 directed against the cell surface glycoprotein L3T4 (CD4) of T lymphocytes. Histopathologic sections of brains of control and treated animals were examined at regular intervals during and after completion of treatment. The results demonstrated significantly less inflammation in brains of mice during treatment with GK1.5 mAb. In addition, recrudescence of the inflammatory process occurred after discontinuation of treatment. Similar results were observed in experiments in which different strains of mice and T. gondii were used.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Transport of nutrients into the renal brush border membrane vesicles as marker in evaluating the role of antipili antibodies in modulation of ascending pyelonephritis in rats.

The uptake of D-glucose, L-aspartate, L-lysine and L-proline was investigated in renal brush border membrane (BBM) vesicles prepared from control, infected or passively-immunized-infected rats. Except L-aspartate, a progressive decrease in the uptake of these nutrients in both infected and immunized-infected groups during the course of infection was observed, but the changes were less apparent in immunized-infected rats than in non-immunized ones. The uptake of L-aspartate was increased in vesicles from early stages of infection but decreased in those from later stages. Also in L-aspartate uptake, the changes were smaller in immunized animals. The uptake of nutrients was detectable earlier than were histopathological alterations of both kidneys. The observations demonstrated that uptake of D-glucose and amino acids in the kidneys is disturbed prior to appearance of histopathological lesions and thus can be used for early detection of the disease. The data also demonstrate that antipili antibodies afford partial protection against ascending pyelonephritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Complete membranous obstruction of inferior vena cava: case treated by balloon dilatation.

A 30 year-old male with the Budd-Chiari syndrome due to complete membranous obstruction to the inferior vena cava was successfully treated by Brockenbrough needle puncture followed by balloon dilatation of the membrane. The procedure produced marked symptomatic relief and excellent haemodynamic and angiographic results. The case is reported to highlight the application of balloon angioplasty in this rare condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Current status of surgical treatment of cancer of the esophagus.

Treatment modalities for cancer of the esophagus continue to encourage a healthy debate amongst surgeons, radiotherapists, and chemotherapists. This is because overall results by current treatment methods are generally unsatisfactory, though an all-round steady gain is now being reported by many authors. With increasing sophistication in radiotherapy techniques (external and intracavitary) and more effective combination chemotherapy, it is likely that surgical treatment of this cancer may be reexamined. There is little doubt, however, that despite the advent of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, surgery is still the most important treatment method in providing lasting relief of dysphagia and maximum survival. While increasingly low surgical mortality and a high cure rate are now being reported, the type and extent of surgery are still contentious issues. Alternatives ranging from a very radical excision (monobloc total esophagectomy with mediastinal dissection) to a blunt transhiatal esophagectomy are now being advocated. Radiotherapists and chemotherapists are now investigating the feasibility of a nonsurgical treatment for cancer of the esophagus.

Combined Modality Therapy↗