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Biomedical subjects

S Seidl

Publications and source records attributed to S Seidl.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

A new second-generation anti-HIV-1 enzyme immunoassay using recombinant envelope and core proteins.

In a multicenter collaborative study a new second-generation HIV-1 antibody enzyme immunoassay (Abbott recombinant HIV-1 EIA) using Escherichia coli-expressed recombinant p24 and p41 proteins as solid-phase antigens was compared with the first-generation H9 cell-line-based Abbott HIV-1 EIA. The results of the confirmatory assays (Western blot, immunofluorescence), combined with clinical information, were used as the reference standard for the detection of HIV-1 antibodies in 10,676 random blood donor serum specimens, in a panel of 840 specimens from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients and a total of 63 serial blood specimens from 23 people at risk. With fresh blood donor sera, the specificity of the first-generation assay ranged between 99.54 and 99.76% (95% confidence limits, CL) compared with 99.81-99.95% (95% CL) for the second-generation EIA. With panel specimens the recombinant HIV-1 EIA achieved an overall sensitivity of 100% and a specificity range of 98.3-99.7% (95% CL); the corresponding sensitivity and specificity ranges observed for the first-generation EIA were 98.0-99.5% (95% CL) and 94.3-96.8% (95% CL), respectively. The improved sensitivity for the second-generation assay was confirmed by testing serial samples from seroconverting patients. The use of recombinant proteins eliminated non-specific reactions due to class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-directed antibodies.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1987

[Follow-up studies of donors and recipients of HIV antibody-positive blood products].

In a retrospective study the rate of HIV (LAV/HTLV-III)-infected recipients of blood units (excluding haemophiliacs) issued before HIV antibody testing became routine in 1985 was investigated. Screening of 200,000 donations yielded 24 seropositive blood donors. Of these 17 were homo- or bisexual, one subsequently known to take drugs by i.v. injection, one had received donor blood, and in five there was no information concerning sexual preference. Ten seropositive multiple blood donors (mean of 17.6 donations) and the 42 potentially infected units donated between 1982 and 1985 were examined in detail. Blood donations from infected first-time donors were discarded. Nine recipients were found to be seropositive (one case of transfusion-associated AIDS), five were seronegative. Both groups were evaluated clinically and immunologically. Ten recipients had died in the intervening time, and in 15 cases it proved impossible to determine whether the donated and incriminated blood had in fact been transfused. It is likely that there will be an increase in transfusion-associated AIDS over the next 3-5 years, before preventive measures of HIV antibody screening and voluntary exclusion of donors at risk will prove to be effective.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Human immunodeficiency virus antibody screening in blood donors from India, Nigeria and Thailand.

Screening for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (LAV/HTLV-III) antibodies in 3 blood donor populations from India (n = 1,000), Nigeria (n = 500) and Thailand (n = 650; sampling in 1982) with a sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA; Abbott) yielded seropositivity rates of 0.5, 2.2 and 1.7%, respectively. Two EIAs with control antigens prepared from uninfected cell cultures ('ELAVIA', VIRGO'), a recombinant Escherichia coli DNA EIA ('ENV/CORE'), Western blot, an immunofluorescence assay and a radio-immunoprecipitation assay confirmed none of the EIA-reactive specimens as truly positive. The lack of specificity of the screening test was also attributable to monochromatic evaluation of the test trays at 492 nm only, and to reactivities against determinants of H9 cells used to grow HIV (HLA antibodies).

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1986

[Prevalence of antibodies against LAV/HTLV-III in patients with terminal renal insufficiency treated with hemodialysis and following renal transplantation].

Sera of 1046 patients undergoing haemodialysis for terminal renal failure or after renal transplantation were tested with the ELISA screening test for anti-LAV/HTLV-III and, if positive, the Western blot and ELAVIA tests. Four patients (0,38%) had "true" antibodies against LAV/HTLV-III, confirmed by the Western blot and ELAVIA tests. These patients had definite signs of cellular immune defects. They had received transplants from drug addict donors. Such kidneys should therefore no longer be used for transplantation. In addition, 29 patients (2.8%) had "false-positive" antibodies against LAV/HTLV-III in the ELISA test, unconfirmed in the Western blot and ELAVIA tests. The "false-positive" result was presumably due to cross-reaction with HLA antibodies. Sera of dialysis and transplantation patients who had received many blood transfusions should therefore be especially carefully tested before a diagnosis of infection with LAV/HTLV-III is made.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1986

Anti-HTLV-III screening of blood donors.

In a survey on 82,383 blood donor specimens from Hessen, West Germany, the observed percentage of repeatedly positive HTLV-III/LAV antibody ELISA results was 0.2%, but only 0.018% were confirmed by Western blot, immunofluorescence assay or radioimmunoprecipitation assay. These data are consistent with larger epidemiological data compiled from other German blood banks and suggest a high degree of nonspecific false-positive results; one of the causes for false-positives are HLA-DR4 antibodies, which react in the HTLV-III/LAV test. Epidemiological data on 127 dialysis patients and 1,153 prison inmates are presented.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

[Association of HLA antigens with scleroderma].

22 patients suffering from scleroderma have been investigated with regard to possible association of HLA with scleroderma (PSS and s. circumscripta). Preliminary data revealed increased relative risk values for carriers of the HLA antigens DR1 and DR5 (rR value 6.3 and 2.6 for PSS, resp.). In s. circumscripta, the rR value of individuals positive for B27 was increased up to 4.9. Different subtypes of scleroderma seem to be associated with different HLA antigens.

Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic↗
PubMed1984

[Mamilloscopy in the diagnosis of diseases of the nipple and areola].

Mamilloscopy is useful in identifying the mostly inflammatory lesions and dermatoses of the mamilla and areola and to follow up and supervise the course of treatment of these diseases. This can often help to avoid unnecessary tissue sampling. If there is any suspicion of tumourous changes, additive cytology is indicated as a matter of principle, since this combination of methods--in a similar manner as at the cervical portico--achieves optimum safety in diagnosis. However, in rare cases even this combined procedure will not clarify matters sufficiently. It is then that additional histological examination is imperative for a more precise diagnosis. Mamilloscopy can be a valuable tool in early diagnosis of Paget's disease because of the possibility of enlargement offered by the colposcope.

Breast↗
PubMed1984

Viral hepatitis markers in Thai blood donors.

1,410 voluntary blood donors from Bangkok were investigated by radioimmunoassay for HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc, HBeAg, anti-HBe and anti-HAV. An HBsAg carrier state was observed in 10.7% of whom 42.1% were HBeAg positive and 40.2% had anti-HBe. Antibody prevalences (except anti-HBe) rose with increasing age. The occurrence of hepatitis markers did not vary significantly between donors living along the canals and those living in the Greater Bangkok area.

Adult↗