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Biomedical subjects

S Schauder

Publications and source records attributed to S Schauder.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Curling and kinking of hair caused by etretinate].

In two female psoriasis patients, curling and kinking of the scalp hair developed subsequent to a long-term etretinate therapy. Scanning electron microscopic examination of kinking hair revealed twists with sharp-edged defects and splitting of the cuticle cells in several hairshafts. The quantitative determination of the mechanical parameters of these hairs using a computerized system revealed statistically significant changes from the pattern in the scalp hair of untreated psoriasis patients. This finding suggests etretinate-induced alteration of the expression of the psoriatic phenotype in the keratin composition of hair in psoriasis patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Photopatch testing: the 5-year experience of the German, Austrian, and Swiss Photopatch Test Group.

A cooperative photopatch test study was conducted by 45 dermatologic centers in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. Results obtained from 1985 to 1990 are presented. A standard photopatch test tray of 32 substances was applied to the back of patients with suspected photosensivity. After applications for 24 hours, test sites were irradiated with 10 joules/cm2UVA. Unirradiated controls were included. Readings were performed immediately and 24, 48, and 72 hours after irradiation; responses were qualitatively graded on a 4-point scale. All data were stored and processed by a computer. With computer-assisted analysis of reaction patterns photoallergic reactions were identified and distinguished from phototoxic reactions. Data of 1129 patients were evaluated. Among a total of 2859 positive test reactions in 870 patients, 2041 in 778 patients were found to be photoinduced and 818 in 413 patients were contact reactions; 108 reactions in 83 patients were classified as photoallergic. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, disinfectants, sunscreens, phenothiazines, and fragrances caused most often photoallergic reactions. Many unspecific phototoxic reactions were induced by tiaprofenic acid, promethazine, carprofen, chlorpromazine, fenticolar, wood balsam of Peru, and perfumes. Despite the distinction between photoallergic and phototoxic responses, many test reactions lacked relevance for the patients' dermatoses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Changes in sunscreening products in West Germany between 1988 and 1989/90].

We give a comparative survey of preparations absorbing UV light, based on data collected in 1988 (740 products) and in 1989/90 (988 products). Regarding the ingredients and the way of labelling of these preparations, our study yielded the following results: 1. With regard to the labelling of all ingredients according to CTFA, the number of sunscreen products increased from 11% in 1988 to 21% in 1989/90, that of cosmetics containing light filters from 26% to 28%. 2. Since, during the period studied, the ingredients of 50% of the preparations were changed, we call for the obligation to make a declaration. 3. Only 14 out of 42 UV filters registered in Europe are used in more than 1% of the preparations. In sunscreen products, UV-A filters increased from 51% to 61%, whereas in cosmetics, they decreased from 46% to 37%. In the 1990 list, the UV-B filters most frequently found in sunscreen products were cinnamates (70%), those least common were PABA and PABA derivatives (19%). 4. Since hazardous UV filters, such as 4-isopropyl-dibenzol methane and 3-(4-methyl-benzylidene) camphor, were eliminated from some of the preparations, the prevalences of individual filter substances have changed between 1988 and 1989/90. 5. Only those UV filters that are currently in use should be checked in the photopatch test. 6. Close cooperation between physicians and manufacturers resulted in making products absorbing UV light safer.

Cosmetics↗
PubMed1990

[Photosensitivity following enoxacin and xipamide: combined phototoxic and photo-allergic reaction to enoxacin, photo-allergic reaction to xipamide with subsequent transient light reaction].

In a 51-year-old female patient, we observed a combined phototoxic and photoallergic reaction to Enoxacin, a photoallergic reaction to Xipamide, as well as increased sensitivity to light after withdrawal of the drugs. This unusual diagnosis was based on the clinical picture, graded radiation with UV-A and UV-B, the irradiated intradermal assay, and histological findings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on a photoallergic reaction to Xipamide associated with a combined phototoxic and photoallergic reaction to Enoxacin.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1990

[Review of the literature on adverse reactions to sunscreens 1947 to 1989].

Sunscreens in cosmetics may trigger off photoallergic contact dermatitis. In addition, they can induce allergic, irritant, or phototoxic dermatitis. Adverse reactions may also be caused by fragrances, preservatives, and other ingredients in light-protective cosmetics. We give a survey on 87 publications dealing with this issue, which appeared from 1947 through 1989. The survey comprises information on the nature of the sunscreen or other ingredient as well as the type of reaction observed in 357 patients. We also refer to the sex distribution and summarize the reasons for using products absorbing UV light. Aside from commercial preparations, all UV filters currently in use should be tested in photopatch tests in order to improve the diagnostic tools.

Drug Eruptions↗
PubMed1988

[Preparations containing sunscreens in West Germany 1988].

The commercial UV-absorbing cosmetics and sunscreens which are currently available in Germany are presented in two tables. In addition to the UV-absorbing and light-reflecting sunscreens, we list other ingredients which may cause skin reactions or have special properties. Our survey provides quick information on potential allergens and photoallergens. Well-tolerated alternative preparations can be chosen on the basis of the listed ingredients. Complete declaration of all ingredients in cosmetics and sun cosmetics is necessary in order to facilitate the diagnosis of allergies and photoallergies and should replace comprehensive surveys, which are rapidly outdated.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1988

[Evaluation of sunscreening agents].

Sunscreen preparations are evaluated according to their protection against biological effects of ultraviolet radiation. UV-induced phenomena found on protected skin are compared with those on unprotected skin; thus the sunprotection factor is estimated. In order to assess the photoprotective power of sunscreens, only early UV-induced effects are decisive - such as erythema. PUVA erythema, pigmentation, activation of the ornithine decarboxylase, the influence on Langerhans cells, appearance of 'sunburn' cells, and changes of the DNA metabolism. We report on the various methods to obtain the specific sunprotection factors against UVB and UVA. Water-resistance, photostability, and pharmacokinetics depending on the vehicle are further criteria with regard to the evaluation of sunscreens. We rely on consumers information regarding the following properties of sunscreens: stickness, oily shine, greasiness, discoloration, odor, and tolerance.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

[Photoallergic and allergic contact eczema caused by dibenzoylmethane compounds and other sunscreening agents].

Dibenzoylmethanes are widely used in Europe in UV-A-absorbing sunscreens. We report on 21 patients with (photo)allergic contact dermatitis from 4-isopropyl-dibenzoylmethane. Six subjects revealed, in addition, (photo)allergic reactions to 4-tert.butyl-4'-methoxy-dibenzoylmethane, seven to 3-(4-methylbenzylidene)-camphor, two to 2-phenyl-benzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid and one to 2-phenyl-5-methylbenzoxazole. Allergic contact dermatitis from 2-phenyl-benzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid has not been reported previously. The relevance of sunscreens as a cause of (photo-)allergic contact dermatitis is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Evaluation of sunscreening agents].

Sunscreen preparations are evaluated according to their protection power against biological effects of ultraviolet radiation. UV-induced phenomena found on protected skin are compared with those on unprotected skin; thus the sunprotection factor is estimated. In order to assess the photoprotective power of sunscreens, only early UV-induced effects are decisive--such as erythema. PUVA erythema, pigmentation, activation of the ornithine decarboxylase, the influence on Langerhans cells, appearance of 'sunburn' cells, and changes of the DNA metabolism. We report on the various methods to obtain the specific sunprotection factors against UVB and UVA. Water-resistance, photostability, and pharmacokinetics depending on the vehicle are further criteria with regard to the evaluation of sunscreens. We rely on consumers information regarding the following properties of sunscreens: stickiness, oily shine, greasiness, discoloration, odor, and tolerance.

DNA Damage↗
PubMed1988

[Sunscreening agents in West Germany 1988].

The commercial UV-absorbing cosmetics and sunscreens which are currently available in Germany are presented in two tables. In addition to the UV-absorbing and light-reflecting sunscreens, we list other ingredients which may cause skin reactions or have special properties. Our survey provides quick information on potential allergens and photoallergens. Well-tolerated alternative preparations can be chosen on the basis of the listed ingredients. Complete declaration of all ingredients in cosmetics and sun cosmetics is necessary in order to facilitate the diagnosis of allergies and photoallergies and should replace comprehensive surveys, which are rapidly outdated.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1988

[Chilblain lupus erythematosus].

Chilblain lupus erythematosus is a chronic form of lupus erythematosus that is seen predominantly in women and first manifests itself during cold weather as painful purplish acral swellings. These symptoms and possible progression to systemic lupus erythematosus are discussed with regard to two cases. Patients with recurrent or persistent "chilblains" should be investigated histologically and serologically as well as by immunofluorescence.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Combined tar-anthralin versus anthralin treatment lowers irritancy with unchanged antipsoriatic efficacy. Modifications of short-contact therapy and Ingram therapy.

In 44 patients with chronic plaque psoriasis anthralin therapy was used as high-strength short-contact therapy in a bilateral comparison of anthralin versus 5% crude coal tar-anthralin combination. These two trials were undertaken with and without ultraviolet (UV) irradiation immediately after anthralin therapy. The combined tar-anthralin therapy was significantly less of an irritant during the first 3 weeks of treatment than anthralin alone, and it did not decrease the antipsoriatic efficacy. The use of UV irradiation, either with anthralin or tar-anthralin combination, did not produce an additional therapeutic effect. These findings lead us to prefer combined tar-anthralin therapy because of its lower irritancy in comparison with anthralin alone and they show the ineffectiveness of additional UV irradiation under the conditions of this study.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1986

[Chronic monocytic leukemia].

A case of chronic monocytic leukemia with specific dermal lesions is presented. The patient developed an adenocarcinoma of the cecum.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Photoallergic and allergic contact dermatitis from dibenzoylmethanes.

Dibenzoylmethanes are widely used in Europe in UVA-absorbing sunscreens. We found that 2 of these, 4-isopropyl-dibenzoylmethane and 4-tert.butyl-4'-methoxy-dibenzoylmethane caused allergic or photoallergic contact dermatitis. This is the first report on allergic and photoallergic reactions caused by dibenzoylmethanes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of coal tar on cignolin erythema--1 hour treatment of psoriasis with high-dose cignolin with and without tar].

Coal tar applied simultaneously showed a suppressive effect on anthralin erythema. This effect was demonstrated by an epicutaneous test 24 hours (27 patients) and 1 hour (46 patients) after application of various concentrations of anthralin combined with tar 3%. In a clinical study on 9 patients, anthralin 3% alone or combined with tar 10% were administered in a right and left comparison on symmetrical chronic psoriatic lesions for 1 hour daily. Anthralin plus tar exhibited a stronger anti-psoriatic effect than anthralin alone did. Tar reduced the anthralin erythema in the perilesional skin. These findings favor the combination of coal tar and anthralin in the 1-hour treatment schedule of psoriasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

How to avoid phototoxic reactions in photopatch testing with chlorpromazine.

The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration, vehicle, and UVA dose suitable for avoiding phototoxic reactions while revealing photoallergic reactions to chlorpormazine (CPZ) in photopatch testing. Photopatch tests were performed on 27 volunteers with CPZ concentrations between 0.05% and 1% in water or Plastibase with UVA doses of 4 or 7 J/cm2. Photopatch tests were also carried out on 1 patient with photoallergic contact dermatitis to CPZ and an increased UVA sensitivity. The same concentration of CPZ caused phototoxic reactions less frequently and less intensely in Plastibase than in water. The minimal phototoxic concentration of CPZ in Plastibase was 0.5% after irradiation with 4 J/cm2 and 0.1% after irradiation with 7 J/cm2. In the patient with photoallergy to CPZ, a photoallergic reaction was elicited after 0.1% CPZ in Plastibase and a UVA dose of 2 J/cm2. In testing photoallergic reactions to CPZ a concentration of 0.1% in Plastibase and a UVA dose of 4 J/cm2 or less should be used.

Chlorpromazine↗