[Biomicroscopical studies on the bands of optical discontinuance in human normal lens. 3. Biomicroscopical photographs in the aging changes of human normal lens].
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Aging↗
Biomedical subjects
S Sano
Publications and source records attributed to S Sano.
Trauma-instability-voluntarism classification for glenohumeral instability.
Classification of glenohumeral instability is confusing. We think that the existence of trauma, directions of instability, voluntarism, and other factors make classification difficult. The purpose of this article is to create a new classification. One hundred eighty-nine patients with glenohumeral instability involving 207 joints (mean patient age 21.5 years) were subjects of this investigation. Our new classification, which is composed of three main factors (level of trauma, direction of instability, and voluntarism) and some subfactors, simplified it quite well. Abbreviations also make it easier to indicate each joint's condition. About half the subjects had no trauma or mild trauma. Two thirds of the joints with more than one dislocation or subluxation showed instability in other directions in addition to the direction of dislocation or subluxation. This classification is very useful to compare pathogenesis and results of treatment in patients with glenohumeral instability.
Adolescent↗
A case control study on risk factors involved in inflammatory breast recurrence after breast-conserving surgery.
Recurrence that poses the biggest problem after breast-conserving surgery is local recurrence. Particularly, in the case of inflammatory breast recurrence which is rare but has a specific pathologic nature, it is important to elucidate the pathology and risk factors and to consider appropriate countermeasures. In the present study, we classified 133 cases of recurrence following breast-conserving surgery, collected from 18 key hospitals/institutes in Japan. Recurrence types were divided into three groups, namely, inflammatory breast recurrence, noninflammatory breast recurrence and distant metastasis only, and the risk factors involved in recurrence were investigated by the case control study allotting 2 controls to each case. The study population consisted of 9 cases of the inflammatory type, 64 cases of the noninflammatory type and 60 cases of distant metastasis. The significant risk factor for inflammatory breast recurrence was positive lymph node metastasis, which was significantly more frequent in lymphatic invasion-positive cases unlike in the distant metastasis group. The positive surgical margin and nonradiation therapy which have been shown to be significant risk factors for noninflammatory breast recurrence were entirely unrelated with inflammatory breast recurrence. In addition, the inflammatory-type recurrence time was as short as about 12 months irrespective of whether radiation therapy was performed or not. The inflammatory type was accompanied with local wide extension (cancerous embolus of the dermal lymphatic vessels), and distant metastasis (lymphangitis carcinomatosa) at the time of recurrence, and further surgery was impossible in most cases, with a significantly poorer prognosis than the other recurrence types. These findings suggest that this recurrence corresponds to the so-called 'occult' case of primary inflammatory breast carcinoma. We think it important to predict this recurrence by close pathological examination, particularly in patients with lymph node metastasis, and to consider appropriate measures.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Right ventricle of patients undergoing congenital cardiac surgery differentially expresses haem oxygenase-1 and heat shock protein 70 genes.
Reactive oxygen species are implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. Haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the rate-limiting enzyme in haem catabolism, is induced by oxidative stress and confers protection against oxidative tissue injuries. We used Northern blotting to examine expression of HO-1 and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the hypertrophic cardiac muscle of eight patients (one infant and seven children) who underwent surgery for congenital heart disease. Levels of HO-1 and HSP70 mRNA were significantly increased in all specimens, but the orders of magnitude of the increases were different, suggesting that the genes expressing HO-1 and HSP70 are regulated separately.
Antioxidants↗
Prevention of suppression of alloreactive capacity following intravenous injection of neuraminidase-treated allogeneic cells by co-injection of agents competing for asialoglycoprotein receptor.
Intravenous (i.v.) administration of neuraminidase (Nase)-treated allogeneic lymphocytes resulted in the complete abrogation of the capacity to develop delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to the relevant alloantigens (tolerance induction). The Nase treatment did not influence the antigenicity of allogeneic lymphocytes, as subcutaneous inoculation of Nase-treated cells was capable of generating comparable anti-allo-DTH responses to those induced by untreated allogeneic cells. However, Nase-treated lymphocytes were revealed to exhibit strikingly enhanced reactivity to the lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA) as well as adhesion to hepatocytes in the primary culture. Such enhanced PNA-reactivity was inhibited by lactose but not by maltose, and enhanced hepatocyte-adhesion was also inhibited by N-acetyl-galactosamine (GalNAc) but not by N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc), indicating augmented reactivity of Nase-treated cells to Gal/GalNAc-specific receptors on hepatocytes. It was also demonstrated that i.v. infusion of Nase-treated, 51Cr-labeled lymphocytes leads to an increased radioactivity in the liver and that this enhanced retention of radioactivity can be inhibited by the co-injection of Nase-treated, unlabeled syngeneic erythrocytes. Most importantly, the co-injection of Nase-treated allogeneic lymphocytes and Nase-treated erythrocytes resulted in the prevention of the suppression of anti-allo-DTH responses as induced by the injection of Nase-treated allogeneic cells alone. These results indicate that Nase-treated allogeneic cells are entrapped in the liver in a strikingly increased way through their enhanced reactivity to Gal/GAlNAc receptor of the liver and suggest that such enhanced entrapment by the liver has a crucial role in inducing anti-allo-DTH tolerance.
Animals↗
Surgical correction of Ebstein's anomaly by tricuspid valve replacement and its late problems.
The choice between valve replacement and plasty for surgical management of Ebstein's anomaly still remains controversial. Since 1960, we have treated 16 cases of Ebstein's anomaly, and 7 of the 16 cases have undergone surgical correction. Tricuspid valve replacement (TVR) without plication of the atrialized ventricle was applied in 4 cases, and Hardy's procedure was adopted in three cases. The division of the Bundle of Kent was carried out simultaneously in 2 cases with Wolff-Parkinson-White (W-P-W) syndrome of the TVR group. All patients have survived the operation. Early and late (as long as 14 years) postoperative evaluations have demonstrated superiority of the TVR group. However, the late echocardiographic findings have revealed new problems in the TVR group, such as hypokinetic or paradoxical motion of the atrialized ventricle in two cases and hypofunction of the left as well as the right heart.
Adolescent↗
A primary hepatic carcinoid tumor: evaluation by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
A case of primary hepatic carcinoid tumor is reported. A 40-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of an epigastric mass. Ultrasonography demonstrated a heterogeneous, hyperechoic mass with hypoechoic area in the left lobe of the liver. CT showed a hypodense lesion with more hypodense areas. Enhanced CT showed slight retention of contrast medium and a low density area that suggested necrosis in the tumor. The mass appeared as a heterogeneous area of low signal intensity with sharp margin on T1-weighted MRI. T2-weighted MRI revealed a high intensity mass with higher intensity foci. Left lateral segmental hepatic resection was performed. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies revealed the carcinoid tumor. Postoperatively, careful, intensive search revealed no other primary source of the tumor. The higher intensity foci were microscopically identified as intratumoral hemorrhage, corresponding to hemorrhagic areas on the cut surface. Therefore, T2-weighted MRI might reflect the pathological characteristics of the tumor.
Adult↗