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Biomedical subjects

S Salem

Publications and source records attributed to S Salem.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Pre-operative localization of 25 consecutive parathyroid adenomas: a prospective imaging/surgical correlative study.

The successful diagnosis and surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid adenoma benefits significantly, in our experience, from a process of pre-operative imaging localization of the parathyroid adenoma. This prospective study evaluates a window of 25 consecutive patients who underwent pre-operative imaging localization prior to successful unilateral parathyroidectomy for parathyroid adenoma. All parathyroid adenomas were successfully localized by imaging, and subsequently documented photographically in surgical correlation, and pathologically confirmed. All patients were cured biochemically. Ultrasound accurately localized 92% of adenomas (100% in the neck and extrathyroidal) while radionuclide subtraction scanning identified 60% of a smaller subset. Both DSA and CT were successful in the two cases utilized, and MRI demonstrated four of five adenomas. The high yield of these pre-operative localization studies should make them an important consideration in the routine evaluation of patients undergoing surgery for possible parathyroid adenoma. Their usefulness in directing a conservative unilateral operation may result in time and cost savings, as well as reduced surgical exposure.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

Analysis of 105 patients admitted over a 2-year period to a modern burns unit in Saudi Arabia.

This is an epidemiological survey of 105 burned patients treated between May 1986 and May 1988 in a modern Burns Unit in Saudi Arabia. Hospitalization time ranged from 1 to 100 days with a mean of 17 days. The mean age of the patients was 9 years. Sixty (57 per cent) of the patients were males and 45 (43 per cent) were females. The main causes of injury were hot liquids (57.7 per cent) and fire (33 per cent). The mean extent of injury was 19 per cent TBSA. Burns covered less than 40 per cent TBSA in 91 out of 105 patients (87 per cent). Deep burns did not exceed 100 units of burned skin in 48 out of 55 patients (87 per cent). Urgent escharotomy was done in 14 patients. Early excision and skin grafting was carried out in 34 patients. Complications included six cases (5.7 per cent) with septicaemia, one (0.9 per cent) with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, three (2.9 per cent) with amputation and one (0.9 per cent) with stress gastric ulcer. Seven patients discharged themselves against medical advice. Five patients died. The favourable results in this series were attributed mainly to the low severity of burns and partially to the short delay between injury and admission, early surgery and remarkably good facilities. Childhood scalds in this region of the world could possibly be reduced by changing the family habit of having tea at floor level and recommending wide-based tea-pots.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Phenotypic Diversity among Strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum Belonging to Serogroup 110.

Thirty-four strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum within serogroup 110 were examined for phenotypic diversity. The strains differed in their abilities to nodulate and fix dinitrogen with Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Williams. Thirteen strains expressed uptake hydrogenase activity when induced as free-living cultures in the presence of 2% hydrogen and oxygen. Six bacteriophage susceptibility reactions were observed. Each of the strains produced either a large, mucoid or a small, dry colony morphology, but colony type was not related to effectiveness for nitrogen fixation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

[Pedal cutaneous island flap. Apropos of 6 case reports].

The authors report their experience using the dorsalis pedis island flap, described by MacCraw, for coverage of soft tissue defects of the heel, and both lateral and medial areas of ankle. The operative technique is recalled and six cases are presented. The authors analyse the several indications of the island flap. Its disadvantages are emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Bibliometric aspects of medical information in Arab countries.

This paper discusses the current state and development of health and biomedical literature in Arab countries. The study concentrates on the Arabic sources of medical articles, and surveys and analyzes the size of the literature and its development in the past 100 years. Two aspects of these sources are covered: the Arab medical information sources published within the Arab region, and those published outside the region. This includes the quantity of material available within and outside the Arab region. The size of the Arab medical literature indicates that it is worthy of collection. Treatment of the Arab medical literature, a pressing and urgent issue, is needed to assist in the research and development of an Arab medical infrastructure.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMed1988

Psychoactive medication use in intermediate-care facility residents.

Despite the large number of elderly patients in nursing homes and the intensity of medication use there, few current data are available on patterns of medication use in this setting. We studied all medication use among 850 residents of 12 representative intermediate-care facilities in Massachusetts. Data on all prescriptions and patterns of actual use were recorded for all patients during one month. On average, residents were prescribed 8.1 medications during the month (interquartile range, 7.4 to 8.8) and actually received 4.7 (range, 4.2 to 5.4) medications during this period. More than half of all residents were receiving a psychoactive medication, with 26% receiving antipsychotic medication. Twenty-eight percent of patients were receiving sedative/hypnotics during the study month, primarily on a scheduled rather than an as-needed basis. Of patients receiving a sedative/hypnotic, 26% (range, 14% to 41%) were taking diphenhydramine hydrochloride, a strongly anticholinergic hypnotic. Of those receiving one of the benzodiazepines, 30% were receiving long-acting drugs, generally not recommended for elderly patients. The typical benzodiazepine dose was equivalent to 7.3 mg per patient per day of diazepam. The most commonly used antidepressant was amitriptyline hydrochloride, the most sedating and anticholinergic antidepressant in common use. These data indicate that despite growing evidence of the risks of psychoactive drug use in elderly patients, the nursing home population studied was exposed to high levels of sedative/hypnotic and antipsychotic drug use. Suboptimal choice of medication within a given class was common, and use of standing vs as-needed orders was often not in keeping with current concepts in geriatric psychopharmacology. Additional research is needed to assess the impact of such drug therapy on cognitive and physical functioning, as well as to determine how best to improve patterns of medication use in this vulnerable population.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Social and contextual factors in the analysis of mortality in end-stage renal disease patients: implications for health policy.

A sample of medical records of decreased End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients was reviewed by a panel of experienced clinicians. The panel's determination of cause of death was compared to that reported for these patients in the Health Care Financing Administration Management Information System. There was concurrence in only 25 per cent of the cases. The difference is attributable to increased awareness of psychosocial and behavioral antecedent factors surrounding the occurrence of death.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Ultrasonography in evaluation of the jaundiced patient.

We evaluated 105 patients with jaundice by greyscale ultrasound. Of these, 66 were proven to have extrahepatic obstruction and 39 had hepatocellular jaundice. The overall accuracy of sonography in distinguishing intrahepatic from extrahepatic jaundice was 93%. Intrahepatic ductal dilatation was identified by sonography in 46 of 49 patients (94%). In 26% of patients with extrahepatic obstruction there was only dilatation of the common duct and no intrahepatic bile duct dilatation. Sonography is recommended as the imaging procedure of choice in the initial investigation of the jaundiced patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Accuracy of sonography and transhepatic chloangiography in obstructive jaundice.

Fifty patients with obstructive jaundice were studied by both ultrasonography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (P)TC). Comparison was made of the relative accuracy of sonography and transhepatic cholangiography in delineating both the site and cause of the jaundice. The site of obstruction was defined in 86% by sonography and in 100% by PTC. Etiology was defined in 52% by sonography and in 86% by PTC. Using both modalities the etiology was evident in 94% of patients. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography should be reserved for those patients in whom sonography does not identify the site and cause of the obstruction.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Coexistent hydatidiform mole and live fetus in the second trimester: an ultrasound study.

The authors describe 4 cases of hydatidiform mole with a live fetus delivered between 20 and 22 weeks gestation. The ultrasound and clinical findings and the pathological classification are discussed. In 2 patients the mole completely replaced a separate placenta in a multiple gestation; in the other 2, the mole partially replaced a solitary placenta.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Ultrasonographic appearance of gastrointestinal masses.

A typical ultrasonographic appearance of tumors of the gastrointestinal tract has recently been described. This consists of a mass with strong central echoes and a virtually anechoic periphery. The anechoic periphery is due to the thickened bowel wall. Thirty-three patients with documented masses involving the stomach, small and large bowel demonstrated this appearance on ultrasound. Thirty-one had neoplastic masses and two had mass lesions due to Crohn's disease. In the presence of an abdominal mass, unltrasonography may be performed prior to barium studies. Recognition of this typical ultrasonographic appearance is important in directing further investigation to the appropriate site.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Cholecystosonography in diagnosis of cholelithiasis--pathologic and radiographic correlation.

Ultrasound examinations of 140 patients with a clinical suspicion of gallstones were compared with radiographic, surgical and pathologic findings to determine the accuracy of cholecystosonography. Ultrasound was 95% accurate for gallbladder disease, with a 5% false negative rate. Oral cholecystography was 96% accurate. The abnormal ultrasound examinations were divided into three groups, as described by Crade. Group 1 -- shadowing echoes within the gallbladder which move with gravity -- was 100% accurate for gallstones. Group 2 -- non-visualization of the gallbladder with acoustic shadowing -- was 94% accurate for gallstones. Group 3 -- non-shadowing echoes within the gallbladder -- was only 59% accurate for gallstones, but 96% accurate for gallbladder disease. We recommend cholecystosonography as the initial study in the investigation of gallbladder disease.

Cholecystography↗
PubMed1979

[State of general and renal hemodynamics in acute myocardial infarct].

The results of studying central and renal hemodynamics in 49 patients with a different course of myocardial infarction in the acute period (1st, 3rd, and 10th day) are analysed. It was established that on the 1st day the cardiac output decreases considerably in circulatory insufficiency and hardly changes in an uncomplicated course of the disease. The stroke output of the heart reduces significantly in all forms of the course of myocardial infarction. At an increase of total peripheral resistance is observed in myocardial infarction, particularly in circulatory insufficiency. A significant increase in the central hemodynamics indices is noted at the end of the acute period. On analysing the dependence of central and renal hemodynamics, the authors conclude that local mechanisms are involved in the changes in renal hemodynamics in addition to its dependence on the disorders of central hemodynamics.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

[Blood hormones in chronic ischemic heart disease and acute myocardial infarct].

The activity of some blood hormones was determined by radioimmune analysis in 58 patients with chronic ischemic heart disease (CIHD), 60 patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and in 24 practically healthy individuals. Increased activity of pituitary hormones (ACTH and TTH) with simultaneous increase in the blood STH content in the absence of essential changes in the FSH and LH content was established. These shifts in the production of pituitary hormones are evidently due both to disorders in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal area and to changes in the activity of systems coordinated to the pituitary gland in patients with CIHD. In patients with MI the activity of these hormones in blood does not differ from that in the control group. In patients with CIHD, the activity of the thyroid is diminished due to a decrease in its thyroxin-producing ability against the background of high activity of the pituitary thyreotropic function. The discussed shifts in the activity of some hormones in CIND and MI are conducive to the advancement of atherosclerosis and changes in myocardial metabolism.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Ultrasonographic appearance of gastric lymphosarcoma.

The ultrasonographic appearance of a diffusely infiltrating gastric lymphosarcoma is presented. The stomach appeared as a large mass with sonolucent periphery and central sonodensity. This appearance should suggest a lesion arising from the gastrointestinal tract.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Symposium on pancreatitis: 3. Diagnostic tools in the management of chronic pancreatitis.

The chief diagnostic tools used in planning the management of chronic pancreatitis require close collaboration of the surgeon and radiologist. Barium meal, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), ultrasonography and angiography are the most useful procedures. The barium meal is the initial screening procedure. Uultrasonography should follow if there is suspicion of a pseudocyst or pancreatic abscess. It is also may be of value in demonstrating localized chronic pancreatitis. The most useful of all the tests is ERCP. This shows the pancreatic duct, the common bile duct, or both ducts, so that the surgeon may avoid operation where there is no defect to correct, or it may guide him in selecting an operation that is designed to correct the anatomical abnormalities of either duct. Angiography is occasionally of use when the foregoing procedures have not provided enough information. In over 80% of patients it is possible for the surgeon to undertake an operation with foreknowledge of the pancreas that will help him select the correct procedure to alleviate the patient's symptoms.

Angiography↗