Biomedical subjects

S Salazar

Publications and source records attributed to S Salazar.

42 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

[Pediatric colonoscopic polypectomy].

Colorectal polyps are relatively frequent in infancy and constitute one of the main causes of bleeding per rectum. Endoscopic polypectomy, with its lower morbidity and mortality, has revolutionized its treatment. Between October 1, 1985 and May 31, 1994, 122 polypectomies were done in 88 pediatric patients. Forty five patients (51.1%) were male and 43 female (48.9%). Forty four patients (50%) were between 1 and 5 years of age. Ninety five polyps (77.9%) were found more frequently in the rectum. Regarding the size, 63 polyps (51.6%) measured between 1 and 2 cm. Seventy three patients (83%) had a single polyp, 10 patients (11.4%) had 2 polyps and 1 patient had 12 polyps. Ninety six polyps (78.7%) were pedunculated, being this the more frequent form found. Histologically the most common was the juvenile polyp, found in 106 cases (87.6%). The polypectomies was carried out without using general anesthesia and is performed as an outpatient procedure. We had no experience of endoscopic complications. It is concluded that colonoscopy polypectomy is a useful, simple and safe procedure for treating colorectal polyps in children.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice: comparison with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography].

A retrospective study comparing ultrasound (US) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) as practiced on 42 jaundiced patients. Obstruction of the bile ducts was demonstrated in 21 by US and in 33 by ERCP, this latter method was taken as the gold standard for comparison, and thus the sensibility of US for detecting obstructive jaundice was 64% and specificity was 89%. Choledocolithiasis and papillary stenosis were the most frequent etiologies, diagnosed in 26 cases by ERCP and in 14 cases by US. Of the 36 patients with gallbladder, US demonstrated gallstones in 28 cases (78%) and ERCP in 18 (50%). We conclude from this study that US has a high sensibility and specificity in patients in whom obstructive jaundice is suspected.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The effectiveness of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the etiological diagnosis of postcholecystectomy syndrome].

A retrospective study of 249 with symptoms and signs of postcholecystectomy syndrome was made to evaluate the usefulness of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ER CP) in its etiological diagnosis. From 1693 ERCP evaluated, 1108 were checked and from these 249 patients showed symptoms and signs after the cholecystectomy. So they were selected to practice a diagnostic ERCP. 204 patients were females and its principal symptom was jaundice. Lesions found in most of the cases were: stones in the bile ducts (45.78%), benign biliary stenosis (8.3%), stenosis of vater's papilla (7.22%) and biliary fistula (7.22%). It can be conclude that biliary stones is the most frequent pathology in those patients with clinical suspicion of biliary-pancreatic organicity and that ERCP is the principal method of diagnosis in these patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Pharmacology and toxicology of Guatteria gaumeri and alpha-asarone].

Guatteria gaumeri Greenman (Annonacease) has been used as bark infusion in the traditional mexican medicine for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and cholelithiasis. The main component is alpha-asarone which has been isolated by different extraction procedures and subsequently synthetized, as well as 16 analogs, derivatives of 4-propenyl-1,2-dimethoxybenzenes 5-substituted. After daily dosing per os of 80 mg/kg of alpha-asarone and the amino and metoxi analogs for seven days to hypercholesterolemic male rats, cholesterol decreased 57.3, 37.5 and 46.9% and triglycerides diminished 42.5, 67.6 and 17.2% respectively. Some of the other analogs showed also important hypolipidemic activity. Similarly alpha-asarone decreased 80.6% the weight of gallstones in hamsters. Studies using adult rat hepatocytes suggest that at least part of the hypolipidemic effect of alpha-asarone could be due to a decrease in the secretion of lipids. Alpha-asarone did not produce any toxic effect after oral administration to rats of 10 or 50 mg/kg for 28 days, or genotoxicity by the dominant lethal test. However long-term exposure of cultivated hepatocytes to micromolar concentrations produced morphologic and ultrastructural alterations, triacylglycerol accumulation and inhibition of protein synthesis and secretion. At the same time both the Ames and sister-chromatid exchange tests showed genotoxic effect. No teratogenicity was observed in pregnant rats during organogenesis but in mice slight fetal toxicity was manifested by hydrocephaly, skeletal defects and fetal weight retardation. There are no data on the possible exposure levels in humans consuming the bark extract, but the toxic effects of alpha-asarone in animals suggest caution in the use of this plant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the toxicity of indorenate on reproduction].

Indorenate (TR3369) a new antihypertensive drug, was examined for effects upon general reproductive performance, for peri-postnatal and embryofetal toxicity in the rat at doses of 0, 10, 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg/day by oral administration. Excluding the 60 mg/kg dose, in the fertility study, any dose produced neither decrement of body weight gain of progenitors, fertility, fetal weight nor survival rate. Retardation of the surface righting, pinnal unfolding or startle response were not observed. On the other hand, 40 and 60 mg/kg significantly increased the number of resorptions. In the peri-postnatal study, doses of 40 and 60 mg/kg incremented the number of dead pups at birth, and the later also affected the survival rate, growing and air righting reflex. Reproductive performance of the F1 offsprings was unimpaired. Indorenate in contrast to serotonin, from which it is a structural derivative, gave no evidence of teratogenicity when administered during the period of organogenesis. It was concluded that the parameters of fetal development were not affected by doses of up to 20 mg/kg, which represents approximately 1200 times the proposed dose for hypertensive patients.

5-Methoxytryptamine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Intestinal geohelminthosis in man and domestic animals in the riverside sections of the Valdivia River Basin, Chile].

In March-October 1987 were analyzed 1295 coprological specimens in a sample of the human population who lives in riverside localities in the Valdivia River Basin, Chile. A 23.6% of examined persons presented infection by one or more helminth species. The prevalence of infection by Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Trichostrongylidae gen. sp. were 15.5, 12.7 and 0.2%, respectively. The prevalence of human ascariosis and trichuriosis were greater in pre-school and school children. The sex of the host and prevalence of geohelminthosis did not show any relationship. Prevalences of ascariosis and trichuriosis were higher in persons from houses with no sanitary fecal and water disposal. Over 35% and 20.7% of family groups showed infection by A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura, respectively in over 40% of the members of each group. Fecal samples from domestic mammals revealed the following prevalences rates for helminth infections: in dogs 19.0 and 15.2% for Toxocara canis and Uncinaria stenocephala respectively, in cats 65.1% for Toxocara cati, and in pigs 25.4 and 3.2% for Ascaris suum and Trichuris suis respectively. Some of these species are clearly demonstrated agents of zoonoses.

Adolescent↗