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Biomedical subjects

S Ryu

Publications and source records attributed to S Ryu.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Restorative effect of muroctasin, MDP-Lys (L 18), on leukopenia caused by anticancer chemotherapy in lung cancer--comparative study by envelope method].

Muroctasin, a derivative of MDP, is known to augment the number of WBC via colony-stimulating factor. Muroctasin has been expected to be promising for application to leukopenia caused by anticancer chemotherapy. When WBC decreased to less than or equal to 3,000/mm3 after the 1st course of chemotherapy, 131 patients with lung cancer, who were previously classified by chemotherapy combination, were enrolled in the study and randomized into 3 groups, 200 micrograms (H), 100 micrograms (L) and untreated control (C) groups. The patients were then subcutaneously treated once daily for 6 consecutive days. WBC and its differential count were measured on days 4, 7 and 15 after commencement of the study. WBCs in H and L groups showed greater recovery than in C group. In WBC differential count, the recovery of neutrophil was prominent in muroctasin-treated groups. A portion of immature neutrophil in bone marrow was also increased by muroctasin treatment. In the present study, the usefulness of muroctasin in leukopenia was indicated when administered at dosages of 200 micrograms for 6 days.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1988

[Studies on an appropriate intra thoracic administration of cisplatin and sodium thiosulfate in malignant pleural effusion].

Twenty-eight patients with malignant pleural effusion received instillation of cisplatin (CDDP) into the pleural cavity to examine the pharmacokinetics and side effects of CDDP Thirteen patients received high-dose CDDP (120 mg/m2-160 mg/m2) in combination with sodium thiosulfate (STS), while 15 others received CDDP alone (80 mg/m2). Total Pt and non-protein-bound Pt (free Pt) concentrations in the pleural effusion and plasma were determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. In one patient, Pt concentrations of intact CDDP and STS-bound CDDP were determined using high performance liquid chromatography and flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. Instillation of CDDP at 160 mg/m2 into the pleural cavity was achieved by concurrent use of STS in the large dose (STS 20 g/m2 1 hr later, totalling 625-fold molar ratio to CDDP). When CDDP was combined with STS, there was alleviation in hematological, renal and auditory toxicity but not in nausea, vomiting or anorexia. When CDDP was instillated into the pleural cavity at 150 mg/m2 (in combination with STS equivalent to 200-fold molar ratio to CDDP), a high Pt concentration of intact CDDP could be maintained in the pleural effusion over a prolonged period of time, recording 8.80 micrograms/ml even as late as 12 hr after instillation. On the other hand nearly all of the free Pt concentration for the first 2 hr was considered to be due to intact CDDP. Once systemically administered, STS quickly moved into the pleural effusion, binding with CDDP in the pleural cavity and thus probably reducing its anti-tumor effect. STS did not greatly affect the plasma concentration of total Pt when it was administered at a 100-fold molar ratio to CDDP, yielding only p poor effect. Our findings suggest that malignant pleural effusion could be effectively treated by the instillation of CDDP 80 mg/m2 into the pleural cavity.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Serial measurements of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) during chemotherapy of patients with inoperable lung cancer].

Serial measurements of serum CEA levels were analyzed in 226 patients with inoperable lung cancer (115 small cell carcinomas, 64 adenocarcinomas, 37 squamous cell carcinomas and 10 large cell carcinomas) during chemotherapy. Of all patients, 29.1% had pretreatment CEA levels greater than or equal to 5 ng/ml. In all of the patients with complete response, and 15 (68.2%) of 22 patients with partial response whose pretreatment CEA levels were 5 ng/ml or higher, CEA levels fell to below 5 ng/ml. All of 17 patients who showed a decrease greater than 50% in serum CEA levels during chemotherapy showed a shrinkage of more than 50% in the tumor burden. Serial serum CEA level measurements were useful as an indicator of response to chemotherapy in advanced lung cancer. Serial serum NSE levels were measured in 36 patients with small cell lung cancer. Pretreatment NSE levels were elevated to more than 10 ng/ml in 83.1% of all patients. A transient rise in serum NSE levels occurred in 22 out of 33 patients measured on the third day during initial chemotherapy. Serum NSE levels greater than or equal to 10 ng/ml declined to within the normal range in all patients responding to the chemotherapy. The survival in patients whose NSE levels (greater than or equal to 10 ng/ml) fell to within the normal range for more than four weeks was longer than that in other patients. Serial measurements of serum NSE levels were thus useful for monitoring the response to chemotherapy in cases of small cell lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

[Studies on the appropriate administration of cisplatin based on pharmacokinetics and toxicity].

Ninety-six patients with non-small cell lung cancer were treated with cisplatin (80-150 mg/m2). The pharmacokinetics of cisplatin were studied in 27 of these patients. Cisplatin was administered intravenously for 30-120 min. Plasma concentrations of total platinum and ultrafilterable (non-protein-bound) platinum were monitored by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Maximum total platinum levels in plasma were attained at the end of infusion, and thereafter decayed in a biphasic fashion, with an initial phase half-life (t1/2 alpha) of 10.2 to 14.6 min and a secondary phase half-life (t1/2 beta) of 41.7 to 81.3 h. The half-life was prolonged as the dosage was increased. Non-protein-bound platinum was rapidly cleared to below the measurable level within 4 hours at 80 mg/m2 and 120 mg/m2 of cisplatin, but declined in a biphasic manner, with t1/2 alpha of 31.2 min and t1/2 beta of 20.1 h at 150 mg/m2 of cisplatin. Toxicities were increased according to dosage, and decreased with a 50 mg/m2 X 3 days regime. Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity were the dose-limiting factors in the single-dose escalation scheme used. In conclusion, the optimal dosage of cisplatin appeared to be 120 mg/m2 considering its toxicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Alternating non-cross resistant chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer.

After stratification for the extent of disease, previously untreated patients with small cell lung cancer randomized to receive therapy with the four-drug combination of cyclophosphamide, oncovin, nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU), and procarbazine (CONP) every four weeks (continuous regimen) or to receive CONP alternating with the three-drug combination of etoposide (VP-16), adriamycin and cisplatin (VAD) at four-week intervals (alternating regimen). Sixty-nine patients were entered in the study. Of 34 evaluable patients receiving the continuous regimen, six (17.6%) achieved complete response (CR) and 16 (47.1%) achieved partial response (PR). Of 31 evaluable patients receiving the alternating regimen, 10 (32.3%) achieved CR, and 16 (51.6%) achieved PR. There was a tendency in favor of the alternating regimen in CR and over-all response rates (0.05 less than p less than 0.1). There were no significant differences between the regimens in response duration or survival. The projected median survival times were 9.2 months and 9.4 months for the continuous and alternating regimens, respectively. One patient receiving the continuous regimen and three receiving the alternating regimen have been living for more than two years. The major toxicity was myelosuppression in both regimens. One patient died of hemorrhage due to thrombocytopenia during induction with CONP, and one patient died of cisplatin-induced renal failure. We conclude that alternating non-cross resistant chemotherapy leads to improved CR and response rates, but does not improve survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Preoperative systemic chemotherapy (FAC) in 3 cases of advanced breast cancer].

Three cases of advanced breast cancer treated with preoperative systemic chemotherapy (FAC) were reported. Radical mastectomy was performed in all three cases after partial response to the systemic chemotherapy. Systemic chemotherapy itself is easy to manage and its resulting response rates and side effects are comparable to those of intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[A randomized control study of the antiemetic efficacy of betamethasone versus methylprednisolone].

A randomized control study of the antiemetic activity of betamethasone (B) vs. methylprednisolone (MP) was carried out. Fifty-six patients receiving CDDP (60 mg/m2-80 mg/m2) were entered. B (8 mg/body on day 1, 4 mg/body on days 2 and 3) was administered intravenously in 18 patients, and MP (1,000 mg/body on day 1, 500 mg/body on days 2 and 3) was administered intravenously in 19 patients. Severe vomiting occurred in 5 of the 19 (26.3%) with MP, 10 of the 18 (55.6%) with B, and 11 of 19 (57.9%) controls. Severe nausea occurred in 3 of the 19 (15.8%) with MP, 6 of the 18 (33.3%) with B, and 5 of the 19 (26.3%) controls. Methylprednisolone was thus considered effective (P less than 0.05) for CDDP-induced emesis.

Betamethasone↗
PubMed1985

[Phase II study of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) for non-small cell lung cancer].

A phase II study of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (CDDP) was performed in 83 patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (21 squamous cell carcinomas, 57 adenocarcinomas and 5 large cell carcinomas). CDDP was given by i.v. infusion at a dosage of 50 mg/m2 (low-dose regimen) or 80-100 mg/m2 (high-dose regimen) every 3 to 4 weeks. Seventy-nine out of 83 patients were evaluable for tumor response. Sixteen of these evaluable patients achieved complete or partial response, and the overall response rate was 20.3%. The response rates were 27.8% in patients with squamous cell carcinoma and 19.6% in those with adenocarcinoma. None of the patients with large cell carcinoma responded. The high-dose regimen was superior to the low-dose regimen in response rate (25.6% versus 5.8%). The responders survived significantly longer than patients with NC (p = 0.02) or PD (p = 0.003). Leukopenia of less than 3000/mm3 occurred in 12.1% of cases, and thrombocytopenia of less than 7 X 10(4)/mm3 occurred in 7.6%. A transient elevation of serum creatinine value was observed in 9 patients (10.8%). Moderate to severe nausea and/or vomiting occurred in almost all patients. It was therefore considered that CDDP was one of the most effective agents for non-small cell lung cancer with tolerable toxic effects.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

[Preoperative combination therapy involving local administration of a non-specific immunoactivated preparation (OK-432) and chemotherapeutic preparations for patients with stomach cancer].

OMF therapy, which is a combination therapy consisting of OK-432 administered locally, Mitomycin C and 5-Fluorouracil, was administered to 50 cases of stomach cancer (52 episodes) preoperatively. Judging the criterion for a positive (+) effect as being the existence of degeneration or necrosis in 1/3-1/2 of carcinomas visible within whole fields, the ratio of histological effectiveness shown by this therapy was 75%. As for its effect on metastatic foci of lymph nodes, when 70 case from an n1 group and 8 from an n2 group with metastatic positive lymph nodes, including 17 cases (4 in Stage II and 13 in Stage III) ablated for curing were studied, a greater than positive (+) effect was shown in 51 out of the total of 78. Consequently the effective ratio was 65%. The survival ratio of 16 cases in Stage III on the 48th month calculated by the Kaplan Meier method was 78.6%. The survival time of 50% of 9 cases in Stage IV (absolute non-curing ablation) was 15 months. Tissue samples were examined constantly after local administration of OK-432. Exudation of neutrocytes was shown on the 1st day, and that of histiocytes, lymphocytes and plasmacytes on the 4th day. At this stage, degeneration of the primary focus or necrotizing change was observed. Interstitial reaction peaked on the 14th day, but histiocytes tended to decrease.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Response and pharmacokinetics of cisplatin instilled into the pleural cavity].

The response and pharmacokinetics of cisplatin instilled into the pleural cavity were studied in 11 patients with malignant pleural effusion; 10 patients had primary lung cancer and one had breast cancer. All of them were adenocarcinoma histologically. In five of the 11 patients effusion disappeared and its cytology became negative for malignancy after four weeks. In the other six patients effusion was reduced and its cytology became negative for malignancy after four weeks. Toxicity was almost similar to that in systemic administration of cisplatin but a few patients had chest pain and fever possibly due to local irritation. The pharmacokinetics showed that a high concentration of cisplatin (free-form, 48.9 micrograms/ml) was maintained over a long period (free from (t 1/2) beta = 33.6 hours) in the pleural cavity. This was regarded as the reason for the high response to this therapy. The intrapleural instillation of cisplatin into the pleural cavity therefore seems to be an effective modality for malignant pleural effusion.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Local application of anti-cancer drugs for the treatment of malignant pleural and pericardial effusion].

Pleural effusion is a common complication in patients with malignant neoplasm. A randomized controlled study of intrapleural instillation of Adriamycin (control group, 30 patients) and Adriamycin Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (N-CWS group, 26 patients) with tube thoracostomy was performed in 55 patients with malignant pleural effusion due to primary lung cancer. The response rates for control of pleural effusion were 73.4% in the N-CWS group and 46.1% in the N-CWS group. These results suggest that intrapleural instillation using a combination of anti-cancer agent and immunopotentiator is an effective treatment for malignant pleurisy. Cardiac tamponade secondary to cancer is a life-threatening complication requiring immediate treatment. Twenty-four patients with malignant pericardial effusion were treated by intrapericardial instillation of anti-cancer drugs, such as Carbazilquinone, Mitomycin-C or ACNU, with pericardial drainage. The range of survival time from the instillation of anti-cancer drug was 3-365 days (average days). In only 4 patients, reaccumulation of pericardial effusion was recognized. There were no serious complications with this procedure. It was considered that local instillation of anti-cancer agents with pericardial drainage was a useful therapeutic modality for malignant pericarditis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

The relation between visual sensitivity and intraocular pressure in normal eyes.

Intraocular pressure and flicker modulation sensitivity at 25 and 40 Hz were measured in 22 normal observers, with an age range from 20-71 years. Significant correlations up to 0.67 were found between intraocular pressure and flicker sensitivity at several points in the visual field. There was no correlation between flicker sensitivity and age of the observers. Thus intraocular pressure may affect neuronal function in the normal eye.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A newly devised speech accumulator.

Voice therapy is often most effective for treating patients with vocal cord polyp, polypoid degeneration and singer's nodule. However, little is known about the total speaking times in 1 day, the ratio of speech per hour and the sound level during speech, in individual patients. If these parameters can be readily detected, it could be clarified as to how speaking times or patterns are related to a particular voice disorder and/or what instruction a doctor had given a patient. We devised a speech accumulator which records the vibration time of the vocal cords by a small contact microphone attached to the neck, but does not record the actual speech, thus monitoring the privacy of the individual. The time of speech, at any sound level can be read digitally, at any time. This system was clinically used for 11 patients and proved to be most useful. The longest speaking time in 1 day was 182 min, for a bus guide, and the shortest time was 33 min for an office clerk.

Humans↗