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Biomedical subjects

S Ryu

Publications and source records attributed to S Ryu.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[A case of pulmonary aspergillosis with a tumor shadow, diagnosed by transbronchial aspiration cytology].

A 41-year-old female was admitted because of cough and hemosputum. She had no underlying disease and the presence of respiratory disease had not been pointed out. Chest X-ray and CT scan showed a solid, homogeneous tumor with a distinct margin near the right hilum. The tumor measured approximately 5 x 4 cm. Because other laboratory data concerning the serum levels of tumor marker and anti-aspergillus antibody were normal, benign lung tumor or malignant lymphoma was suspected at first. Transbronchial cytology and biopsy were performed, but there were no significant findings. However transbronchial aspiration cytology of the specimen obtained from the bifurcation between the right upper lobe bronchus and the truncus intermedius demonstrated Aspergillus. After the administration of antifungal drugs, the tumor decreased in size, and an air crescent sign appeared. This was thought to be a very rare case of locally invasive form of pulmonary aspergillosis, as described by Sider et al demonstrating a necrotic fungal ball during its clinical course.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[High-dose Tegafur (FT) for primary lung cancer: a phase I trial].

A phase I clinical study of intravenous Tegafur was conducted in nineteen previously treated patients with primary lung cancer. The dose of Tegafur was elevated from 1.0 to 3.0 g/m2/day for five consecutive days to determine the maximum tolerated dose. The dose-limiting factors were gastrointestinal and neurological toxicity and fatigability observed with the dose level of 2.5 g/m2/day for 5 days. Hematologic, hepatic and renal toxicities were not observed. Gastrointestinal toxicity including nausea, vomiting, anorexia and diarrhea of over grade 2 were seen to result from the dose of 2.5 g/m2/day. Neurological toxicity consisted of headache, dizziness, anxiety and depression. At the dose level of 2.0 g/m2/day, one patient, who had epileptic seizures in the past, experienced a psychomotor seizure. Depression (Grade 2 CNS toxicity) was observed at the dose level of 3.0 g/m2/day. Dose limiting factors were neurological toxicities. The pharmacokinetics of tegafur and 5-FU (the active form of Tegafur) has been studied in all patients. Serum level of tegafur was measured by HPLC method, and serum level of 5-FU was analyzed by GC-MS method. At the dose level greater than 2.0 g/m2/day for 5 days, the mean serum 5-FU values appear over the therapeutic range (0.1 micrograms/ml). In conclusion, 2.5 g/m2/day for 5 days was considered to be MTD, and 2.0 g/m2/day for 5 days intravenous administration was recommended for the phase II trial of single agent chemotherapy.

Drug Administration Schedule↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of high-dose etoposide combined with cisplatin for treating relapsed small cell lung cancer.

The synergism of combined high-dose etoposide with standard dose cisplatin (HD-EP) was evaluated in 20 patients who had relapsed after treatment of small cell lung cancer. Each patient was given etoposide at 500 mg/m2/day on days 1 to 3 and cisplatin at 80 mg/m2 (two patients given 120 mg/m2) on day 1; autologous bone marrow was not transplanted. Five patients were given recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF, 50 micrograms/m2) in an attempt to reduce HD-EP induced neutropenia. The overall response was 50% (9 of 18); one complete response (6%), eight partial responses (44%), seven no change (39%), and two progressions of disease (11%). Of the 18 evaluable patients, 12 had been treated with regimens of conventional doses of etoposide with conventional doses of cisplatin or carboplatin, and of these, five (42%) achieved a partial response. The median duration of response was 8.4 weeks (range, 5.3 to 17.7) and the median survival time was 20.3 weeks (range, 1.6 to 91). All of the patients developed severe myelosuppression; rhG-CSF did not shorten the period of the leukopenia. Mucositis and liver dysfunction were the major nonhematologic manifestations of toxicity. Two treatment-related deaths resulted from sepsis. These results suggest that the activities of high doses etoposide with standard doses of cisplatin are synergistic against small cell lung cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Combination chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy in small cell lung cancer. An analysis of a 5-year follow-up.

From January 1978 to March 1984, a series of 159 patients with newly diagnosed small cell lung cancer (SCLC) was treated with combination chemotherapy with or without chest radiation at the Osaka Prefectural Habikino Hospital. By March 31, 1989, ten patients (6.3%) had survived for 5 years or more after the initial chemotherapy, including nine of 95 patients (9.5%) with limited disease and one of 64 patients (1.6%) with extensive disease. All these 5-year disease-free survivors, except for one patient whose response could not be assessed by chest radiograph because of radiation fibrosis, had a complete response. Nine of the 71 patients (12.7%) treated with combination regimens containing doxorubicin survived 5 years or more, and only one of the 88 (1.1%) treated with regimens without doxorubicin had long-term survival (P less than 0.01). The sex, performance status (PS), and chest radiation after systemic chemotherapy did not correlate statistically with long-term survival (P greater than 0.05). Three of the ten patients died free of SCLC. Two of the ten patients (20%) developed second malignancies and died. The remaining patient died of pneumonia. The Cox regression analysis identified the PS and doxorubicin-containing regimens as important factors indicating improved survival. Combination regimens containing doxorubicin have, therefore, been found to be very effective in improving survival and achieving long-term survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

FK506 as the sole immunosuppressive agent for prolongation of islet allograft survival in the rat.

The purpose of the present study was to determine immunosuppressive effects of a new immunosuppressive agent, FK506, on rat islet allografts and also whether FK is toxic to the islet grafts since the diabetogenic effects of FK is controversial. Hand-picked clean fresh islets (WKA/Qdj:RT1u) were transplanted either beneath the renal capsule or into the liver via the portal vein of the diabetic (STZ, 60 mg/kg) rats (Lewis:RT1(1)). FK506 was administered s.c. for 7 days after transplantation. The mean survival times (MST)* of the renal subcapsular grafts receiving 0 (control), 0.32 or 1.0 mg/kg FK were 7.2 +/- 1.1 (mean +/- SD, n = 5), 13.8 +/- 4.8 (n = 4), and 20.2 +/- 8.0 days (n = 5), respectively. The MST of the intrahepatic grafts receiving 0, 0.1, 0.32, or 1.0 mg/kg FK were 4.4 +/- 1.1 (n = 5), 7.2 +/- 0.8 (n = 5), greater than 45.3 +/- 23.1 (n = 6) or greater than 54.4 +/- 8.8 days (n = 5), respectively. Histologically, islets were found easily in the liver of normoglycemic recipients for more than 60 days after transplantation and appeared intact, with well-granulated beta cells. Foci of mononuclear cells were occasionally seen adjacent to the islet cells. The plasma glucose of the recipients with 1.0 mg/kg FK fluctuated between 150 and 350 mg/dl without rejection. In the recipients treated with 3.2 mg/kg FK the plasma glucose of all the recipients (n = 3) returned to pretransplant levels by 21 days after transplantation. However, islet cells were present in the liver of all these recipients without mononuclear cell infiltration. Immunohistochemically islet grafts stained weakly for insulin, but to the same extent as the controls for glucagon and somatostatin. These findings clearly demonstrate the immunosuppressive effect of FK506 on islet allografts and the importance of the transplant site for prolongation of graft survival by FK, and also suggest that FK has toxic effects on the islet grafts (B cells) when used in high dosages.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Combination therapy with bestatin in inoperable lung cancer. A randomized trial.

A randomized trial of combination therapy with bestatin (30 mg daily, every day) was performed in 238 patients with inoperable primary lung cancer from August, 1981 through April, 1984. Of the 238 patients, 227 were evaluable: 113 treated by bestatin combination therapy and 114 controls. There was no statistically significant difference in response rate or survival between the 2 groups. In squamous cell cancer response was observed in 34.5% of the bestatin group and 17.9% of the control group. The analysis, including Cox's proportional hazard model, revealed that the survival tended to be longer in the bestatin group (median survival 40 weeks) than in the control group (median survival 24 weeks; p = 0.051). This suggests that addition of bestatin might be beneficial in squamous cell cancer of the lung but further, more rigidly controlled, clinical trials are necessary before more definitive conclusions can be drawn.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Prognostic factors affecting survival and response in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with combination chemotherapy].

One-hundred and ninety-nine patients who had an inoperable stage III or IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and collected were analyzed on the basis of factors affecting survival duration and response to chemotherapy. These patients were registered into a prospective randomized trial conducted from May of 1986 to April of 1988, and received either cisplatin and vindesine, cisplatin, vindesine and mitomycin C, or cisplatin and etoposide alternating with vindesine and mitomycin C. In the univariate analysis, sex, ECOG's performance status (PS), weight loss within previous 6 months, clinical stage, serum albumin value, serum lactate dehydrogenase level and hemoglobin (Hb) level were considered to be significant factors for survival (p less than 0.05). In the multivariable analysis using Cox's proportional model, clinical stage, PS, sex, weight loss and Hb level were proven to be significant variables for survival in the order of importance. When the response to chemotherapy was included in a conditional multivariable analysis, it was strongly associated with survival duration. A multivariable analysis of response using the logistic regression method demonstrated that female sex, cisplatin, vindesine and mitomycin combination regimen, squamous cell type, and no weight loss were significantly predictive of response outcome. These results are useful when comparing the response data and survival of completed studies and designing future trials in advanced NSCLC.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Three-year disease-free survivors of small cell lung cancer treated with combination chemotherapy with or without chest irradiation.

One hundred and seventy-four patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) treated with combination chemotherapy, with or without chest radiation, were analyzed. Fourteen patients (8%) survived for 3 years or more. Three-year disease-free survival continued for 12 of the 101 patients (12%) with limited disease, and one of 75 (1%) with extensive disease (P less than 0.05). Patients' sex and performance status were not important in achieving long-term survival. All disease-free survivors, except two who could not be evaluated, achieved a complete response. Although the treatment programs had some influence on the long-term survival rates (P less than 0.05), thoracic radiation did not have significant impact on long-term survival. Three of the 13 patients (23%) developed second malignancies and died, and one of these patients also suffered from a progressive neurologic deterioration with dementia. Two other patients died free of SCLC. Consequently, eight have remained alive and free of disease. The last relapse was observed at 1.5 years from beginning of treatment. The disease-free survival may offer the hope of cure of SCLC. However, the survivors are at an increased risk of developing late complications including second malignancies and neurologic abnormalities. Therefore, careful follow-up will be necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Coat and enterotoxin-related proteins in Clostridium perfringens spores.

Coat proteins from mature spores of two enterotoxin-positive (Ent+) and two enterotoxin-negative (Ent-) strains of Clostridium perfringens were solubilized using 50 mM-dithiothreitol and 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate at pH 9.7, and alkylated using 110 mM-iodoacetamide to prevent aggregation. The coat proteins and C. perfringens type A enterotoxin (CPE) were separated by SDS-PAGE and analysed by Western blotting using anti-CPE antibody. As previously reported, CPE aggregated in the presence of SDS, but no aggregation occurred at concentrations below 15 micrograms CPE ml-1. Two CPE-related proteins (34 and 48 kDa) were found in the solubilized spore coat protein of Ent+ strains while only the 48 kDa CPE-related protein was found in the spore coat fraction of Ent- strains. CPE-related proteins comprised 2.7% and 0.8% of the total solubilized coat protein of Ent+ and Ent- strains respectively. CPE-related proteins could be extracted from the spores with 1% SDS alone. They could also be released by disruption of whole spores, indicating that the CPE-related proteins may be in the spore core or trapped between the core and coat layers. The results suggest that CPE is not a major structural component of the coat fraction of C. perfringens spores.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1989

Restorative effect of muroctasin on leukopenia caused by anticancer chemotherapy in lung cancer. Comparative study by envelope method.

N2-[(N-Acetylmuramoyl)-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl]-N6-stearoyl-L-lysine (MDP-Lys(L18), muroctasin), a derivative of muramyl dipeptide, is known to have the activity to augment the number of white blood cells (WBC) via colony-stimulating factor. Muroctasin has been expected to be applied to leukopenia caused by anticancer chemotherapy. When WBC decreased to less than or equal to 3,000/mm3 after the 1st course of chemotherapy, 131 patients with lung cancer, who were previously classified by the combination regimens of chemotherapy, were enrolled in the study and randomized into 3 groups, 200 micrograms (H), 100 micrograms (L) and untreated control (C) groups. The patients were then subcutaneously treated once daily for 6 consecutive days. WBC and its differential count were measured on Days 4, 7 and 15 after commencement of the study. WBCs in H and L groups were recovered greater than in C group. In WBC differential count, the recovery of neutrophil was prominent in muroctasin treated groups. The portion of immature neutrophil in the bone marrow was also increased by muroctasin treatment. A restorative effect on WBC and neutrophil counts was also confirmed only in the second course of H group. On the other hand, fever and pain in the injected site as side effects were common in the H group and L group in both of courses. In this study, the usefulness of muroctasin in leukopenia was suggested when administered at dosages of 200 micrograms for 6 days.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1988

[Phase II studies of a single agent and a cis-platinum-based two-drug combination in patients with non-small cell lung cancer].

Phase II studies of single agent and CDDP-based two drug combination were performed in 189 patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer. Six drug regimens were performed: CDDP alone, VDS alone, Epi-ADM alone, CDDP + VDS, CDDP + CPA, CDDP + ADM. The response rates were 15.4% (6/39) with CDDP alone, 8.0% (2/25) with VDS alone, 6.1% (2/33) with Epi-ADM alone, 26.7% (8/30) with CDDP + VDS, 14.3% (4/28) with CDDP + CPA, 17.6% (6/34) with CDDP + ADM and one CR was performed with CDDP + ADM. In patients with no prior chemotherapy, the response rates were 20.0% (6/30), 11.8% (2/17), 12.5% (2/16), 26.7% (8/30), 16.0% (4/25) and 25.0% (3/12), respectively. The median survival times were 25, 27, 23, 33, 25, and 45 weeks, respectively. The efficacy of CDDP in non-small cell lung cancer patients was re-confirmed, and that of CDDP + VDS, CDDP + ADM was suggested. No death due to toxicity occurred and toxicity was generally tolerable.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Chemotherapy of small cell lung cancer].

The recent results of chemotherapy for SCLC were reviewed in this paper. The combination chemotherapy with some highly active drugs can be summarized as follows: response rate 74-94% in limited disease (LD) and 63-90% in extensive disease (ED), complete response 39-57% in LD and 20-48% in ED, median survival 10-21 months in LD and 7-12 months in ED. To overcome drug resistance in the treatment of SCLC, non-cross resistant alternating chemotherapy has been explored. In our institute, a randomized study of continuous vs alternating regimen for SCLC was carried out from August 1982 to March 1985. This resulted in the acknowledged superiority of the alternating regimen in CR rate and the overall response rate, but no differences in survival. A current study comparing the standard chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and vincristine (CAV) to alternating CAV with etoposide (E) and cisplatin (P) has suggested an advantage for alternating chemotherapy, with a statistically superior response rate and survival. The high-dose (HD) chemotherapy for SCLC is also a new strategy to improve the current treatment results. We are now studying the efficacy of HD-E (1.0-1.5 g/m2) with or without P (80-120 mg/m2) for relapsed SCLC. The result suggested that HD-E and P is an effective treatment modality as a salvage therapy. The search for new active drugs is another important way to improve the treatment results. Since 1986, a phase II study of Carboplatin has been performed in Japan. The ongoing data suggest that Carboplatin is a highly active agent against SCLC. Finally, further research will be necessary to investigate novel modalities in order to achieve a breakthrough in the current status.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗