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Biomedical subjects

S Ross

Publications and source records attributed to S Ross.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Racial and environmental influences on fetal lung maturation.

Claims that fetal lung maturation is more rapid in blacks than in whites were investigated. Histologic measurements of lung maturation and the frequency of hyaline membrane disease were compared in four groups of Neonates: 490 South African blacks, 841 Ethiopians, 767 US blacks, and 560 US whites. Lungs matured much more rapidly in the Ethiopian and more slowly in the South African than in the US fetuses. The rate of maturation was about the same in the US blacks and whites. Hyaline membrane disease was more frequent in the South Africans and less frequent in the Ethiopians than in either US group. Environmental factors in the mother may explain some of these differences. Lungs matured more rapidly in the fetuses of cigarette smokers than in fetuses of nonsmokers. Half of the US mothers but almost none of the South African mothers smoked during pregnancy. The rate of lung maturation had an inverse correlation with maternal body weights. The South African women were heavier and the Ethiopians lighter than women in the United States.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1980

Improved economics of HBsAg screening with commercial radioimmunoassay reagents.

Commercial 125I anti-HBs was processed to yield a sixfold improvement in economy without significant loss of sensitivity or specificity. Additional polystyrene beads were coupled with commercially supplied anti-HBs. The modified assay (Mod-RIA) was compared with commercial RIA, EIA, and RPHA using established HBsAg panels. Mod-RIA was also compared with HEPATEST (RPHA) for screening 71 200 fresh blood donations during an 11.5-month period.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1979

Yersinia enterocolitica enteritis in children.

Five patients were admitted to Children's Hospital National Medical Center with manifestations of Yersinia enterocolitica infections. Four of five had primarily enteric illness, while the fifth had associated ocular and joint involvements. In three of five cases, the disease was self-limiting. Two of the patients (No. 1 and 2) may have had their disease improved by antibiotic therapy. Increased alertness to the potential of Y enterocolitica to cause a variety of syndromes is necessary to make an accurate bacteriologic diagnosis and to expedite medical treatment.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1979

The nasopharyngeal culture in acute otitis media. A reappraisal of its usefulness.

Simultaneous cultures of the nasopharynx and middle ear exudate (obtained by tympanocentesis) were obtained from 225 children (mean age, 34 months; median age, 41 months) with suppurative otitis media. A 72% prediction rate for middle ear pathogens was obtained by examining the nasopharyngeal cultures after the strict observance of two essential prerequisites: (1) the nasopharyngeal culture was immediately plated on appropriate solid agar and (2) a semiquantitative method for bacterial enumeration was employed in the reading of the nasopharyngeal culture plates. The technique was most valuable where 2+ (greater than 25% up to 50% of total number of colonies was a single pathogen) or greater of a single pathogen was recovered from the nasopharynx. In only one instance, the semiquantitative nasopharyngeal culture incorrectly predicted the middle ear pathogen if one was recovered. Quantitative nasopharyngeal cultures were particularly useful in predicting the presence of ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae and group A streptococci as causative agents in otitis media.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Cefaclor in the treatment of susceptible infections in infants and children.

Cefaclor is a new oral cephalosporin with in vitro activity against a wide variety of organisms including S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes and H. influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant strains). Seventy-nine patients ranging in age from 2 months to 14 years with soft tissue infections (17 cases), otitis media (17), and streptococcal pharyngitis (45) were studied. They received cefaclor orally at a dose of 40 mg/kg per day in three or four divided doses for a minimum of five days. Results were generally good with favourable clinical and bacteriological responses obtained in 90% of cases. Most patients became afebrile within 48 hours after starting cefaclor. Two patients with H. influenzae cellulitis and bacteraemia defervesced within 24 hours and their blood cultures became negative promptly. Hepatic, renal and haematopoietic studies showed no adverse reactions except for an occasional increase in the eosinophil count with no clinical counterpart of hypersensitivity. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that following a 10 mg/kg oral dose, peak serum levels of 8 micrograms/ml were observed at one hour, followed by a rather rapid tapering off so that at the end of four hours, virtually no cefaclor was detectable in serum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The increasing incidence of Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae. A cause of otitis media.

Middle ear exudate was obtained by myringotomy or aspiration from 625 suburban children, aged 1 month to 12 years, who had acute otitis media; bacterial pathogens were isolated from 71%. Haemophilus species were isolated from 212 (29%), and Streptococcus pneumoniae from 205 (28%). From 1975 to August 1977, the number of Haemophilus isolates found to be resistant to ampicillin has appreciably increased. Currently, 8% of all cases of acute otitis media in the Washington, DC, area are due to H influenzae resistant to ampicillin. Thirty-one of 35 patients with resistant H influenzae otitis were treated with an erythromycin/sulfisoxazole combination with an impressive clinical response. Twenty-six of these 31 cases had failed to have H influenzae eradicated by an average of ten days of oral ampicillin in recommended doses.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Haemagglutination assay for HBsAg -- a new approach to reagent preparation.

Human group O rhesus negative erythrocytes were spherocyted and fixed in glutaraldehyde, then coated initially with HBsAg and subsequently with anti-HBs. The resulting reagent was found to agglutinate in the presence of HBsAg positive serum, but not in HBsAg negative serum. The assay was evaluated for blood donor screening (39,962 donations) over a 6-month period, and was compared with Hepatest (RPHA) and AUSRIA-2 (RIA) for the study of two established HBsAg panels.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1978

Clinical and laboratory evaluation of cefamandole in infants and children.

Fifty-three infants and children, aged three months to 15 years, were treated with an average daily dose of 100 mg of cefamandole/kg intravenously. Of these patients, 47 had soft tissue cellulitis and six had pneumonia. Primary pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae, were isolated from 43 of the 53 patients. Bacteremia was documented in six of the 53 patients. A satisfactory clinical and bacteriologic response to cefamandole was achieved in all cases except on (98%). The only treatment failure occurred in an infant with both periorbital cellulitis and bacteremia due to H. influenzae who developed meningitis while receiving cefamandole; no extravasation of the drug across the blood-brain barrier could be detected in spite of inflamed meninges. In general, the only aberrant effects of cefamandole were the appearance of eosinophilia in 28% of patients and a positive indirect Cooms' test without hemolysis in one patient. Cefamandole showed excellent in vitro activity against 87 ampicillin-resistant strains of H. influenzae. Because it has greater activity than any of the other cephalosporins against this important pediatric pathogen, cefamandole may have particular pertinence in the treatment of infections in infants and young children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Gingivitis and cellulitis in diffuse pneumococcal infection.

Gingivitis occurring with a cystic lesions in young patients with facial cellulitis is highly suggestive of a pneumococcal etiology. Two cases of pneumococcal cellulitis and gingivitis with bacteremia are reported, and the pertinent literature is reviewed.

Cellulitis↗
PubMed1977

Acute purulent otitis media in children older than 5 years. Incidence of Haemophilus as a causative organism.

It is generally believed that Haemophilus influenzae is not commonly a causative agent of otitis media in children older than 5 years of age. We recently studied cases of 58 children, aged from 5 to 9 years, who had acute otitis media. Haemophilus species were the causative agents in 36% of cases. This high incidence of Haemophilus isolation from the middle ear exudate of these children has important therapeutic implications; antibiotics effective against H influenzae should be employed when dealing with otitis media in this older age group.

Acute Disease↗