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Biomedical subjects

S Rose

Publications and source records attributed to S Rose.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Do enkephalins in basal ganglia mediate a physiological motor rest mechanism?

Thermal injury (30-s immersion in water at 62 degrees C) of one hind limb of rats caused a gradual withdrawal of the limb from use, such that after 1 week 50% of the animals walked on three legs. At 24 h following thermal lesion and at a time when the lesioned paw was still used for walking there was a reduction in met- and leu-enkephalin content in the periaqueductal grey (PAG) and bilateral reduction in leu-enkephalin content of the globus pallidus, but no change in enkephalin levels in caudate-putamen. One week following the lesion, animals exhibiting complete withdrawal of the injured limb, showed bilateral reduction of met- and leu-enkephalin content of PAG. Both met- and leu-enkephalin content in caudate-putamen. In each case the change was more marked in basal ganglia areas contralateral to the lesion. In animals lesioned 1 week previously and which did not use the injured limb, there was no change in the monoamine (or metabolite) content of caudate-putamen or in the spontaneous or potassium-evoked release of 3H-dopamine from strial slices. Thermal injury did not cause any general change in pain sensitivity and the time of change in pain threshold in the injured limb did not parallel the withdrawal of the affected limb from walking. The results suggest that after a thermal limb lesion, delayed changes in basal ganglia enkephalin content may be important in withdrawing the injured limb from the normal pattern of locomotion. Basal ganglia enkephalins may be involved in a physiological rest mechanism, which allows healing of the affected part.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Lack of change in basal ganglia neuropeptide content following subacute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine treatment of the common marmoset.

Treatment of common marmosets with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP; 1-4 mg/kg for up to 4 days) caused a profound parkinsonian state. Ten days from the start of MPTP treatment, all animals showed marked motor impairment, consisting of bradykinesia and akinesia, limb rigidity, postural abnormalities, loss of vocalisation and blink reflex, and, on occasions, postural tremor. Measurement of caudate-putamen monoamine content at this time showed a profound loss in 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine, homovanillic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid concentrations. Measurement of neuropeptide concentrations in the caudate-putamen, internal and external segments of the globus pallidus, nucleus accumbens, substantia nigra, frontal cortex, and hippocampus showed met-enkephalin, leu-enkephalin, and cholecystokinin (CCK-8) concentrations to be unaffected by MPTP treatment. There was a small decrease in the substance P content of frontal cortex, but otherwise the content of this neuropeptide was unaltered. Parkinsonism in the marmoset, induced by MPTP treatment 10 days earlier, does not alter neuropeptide concentrations in the manner observed in Parkinson's disease.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
PubMed1986

Growth hormone (GH) responses to GH-releasing hormone during pubertal development in normal boys and girls: comparison to idiopathic short stature and GH deficiency.

The normal ranges for GH responses to GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) have previously been defined for adult men and women. To determine whether the GHRH responses of normal children differ from those of adults and whether children with GH deficiency (GHD) and children who are growing below the first percentile but are otherwise normal (ISS) have GH responses comparable to those of normal children, we studied 90 normal children, 46 girls and 44 boys, with heights between the 10th and 95th percentiles for age, at different pubertal stages. Their responses were compared to those of 24 children with ISS and 32 children with GHD and to values previously measured in young adult men and women. Girls were grouped by Tanner breast stages and boys by testicular volumes. Plasma somatomedin-C, estradiol or testosterone, and bone age were measured in all children. All received a 1 microgram/kg iv bolus dose of GHRH-(1-44)NH2, and GH responses were measured during a 2-h sampling period. Incremental serum GH responses in girls did not change throughout pubertal development and were similar to those of adult women. The responses in boys at midpuberty were somewhat lower (P less than 0.05) than those in either prepubertal boys or adult men. ISS children had mean GH responses [23 +/- 4 (+/- SE) ng/ml] similar to those of normal children. GHD children had significantly lower mean GH responses (11 +/- 3.7 ng/ml) than normal prepubertal children (35 +/- 4.0 ng/ml; P less than 0.01), but the responses of 17 of the 32 GHD children overlapped with the normal range. GH responses to GHRH were not correlated with bone age, weight, height, SmC levels, or estradiol or testosterone concentrations. These results indicate that GH responses to GHRH testing are relatively constant throughout puberty and young adulthood, that ISS children respond normally to GHRH, and that the GHRH test is not a reliable discriminator between individual normal and GHD children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of a photolabile derivative of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 as a photoaffinity probe for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 receptor in chick intestinal cytosol.

We evaluated the viability of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-3 beta-[N-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)glycinate] (1,25-(OH)2-D3-ANG), an analog of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2-D3) as a photoaffinity probe for 1,25-(OH)2-D3 receptor in chick intestinal cytosol. A competitive-binding assay revealed that chick intestinal cytosolic 1,25-(OH)2- D3 receptor bound to 1,25-(OH)2-D3-ANG approximately 20-times less effectively than it did to 1,25-(OH)2-D3. Irradiation of 1,25-(OH)2-D3- ANG in the presence of chick intestinal cytosolic preparation significantly diminished subsequent binding to 3H-1,25-(OH)2-D3, suggesting that the photoaffinity analog was covalently attached to the receptor. Therefore the nitroarylazide derivative of 1,25-(OH)2-D3 may be a valuable photoaffinity probe for the characterization of the 1,25-(OH)2-D3 receptor.

Affinity Labels↗
PubMed1984

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced parkinsonism in the common marmoset.

The administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) (1-4 mg/kg i.p.) for 4 days induced dose-dependent parkinsonism in the common marmoset within 48 h. MPTP produced profound akinesia, rigidity of the trunk and limbs, postural abnormalities, loss of vocalization and, in some cases, postural tremor. In a single animal the administration of L-DOPA in conjunction with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, reversed the parkinsonian symptoms. Subsequent biochemical analysis showed a profound loss of dopamine and [3H]dopamine uptake in the caudate-putamen, but no change in specific [3H]spiperone binding.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
PubMed1984

Positive life events and social support and the relationship between life stress and psychological disorder.

This study investigated the relationship between negative life events and psychological disorder and the roles of positive life events and received and perceived social support in moderating this relationship. A prospective design was used and statistical analyses were based on a hierarchical regression model. College undergraduates served as subjects. Negative events were significantly related to psychological disorder at each of two measurement periods. This relationship was found even when initial disorder was statistically controlled. The cross-sectional analyses, but not the prospective analyses, provided some support for the stress-buffering (interaction) effects of positive events. There was no support for the stress-buffering effects of received social support, but the cross-sectional and prospective regression analyses provided strong support for the stress-buffering effects of perceived social support.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Limb allografts in rats immunosuppressed with cyclosporin A.

The role of cyclosporin A in transplantation of composite tissue for potential reconstructive purposes is examined in the rat hind limb transplant model. Two inbred rat strains were utilized. Brown ACI rat hind limbs were transferred to the dorsum of white Lewis rats with microvascular anastomoses. Twenty transplants were divided into four groups for postoperative immunosuppression: control, no cyclosporin; 7 days of cyclosporin; 21 days of cyclosporin; and continuous cyclosporin from 44-113 days. Hemagglutination and antibody titers were measured. Clinical evaluation and histologic examination at sacrifice were performed and rejection graded. Cyclosporin A has been successful in suppressing rejection in composite allograft transplant across defined major histocompatability barriers. Rats treated with cyclosporin A for a short period of time showed signs of rejection after discontinuation of therapy. Five animals treated continuously on cyclosporin A for up to 113 days showed no sign of rejection clinically, histologically, or immunologically.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Changing demands made by senile dementia on the National Health Service.

In 1976 and 1981 two studies were undertaken to identify the numbers of elderly severely mentally infirm patients receiving care in a range of institutions in Worcestershire and to examine the appropriateness of the special units planned for them. The numbers of planned places matched the totals of patients in care but the nature of the provision was wrong. The new units were planned for able bodied but demented patients, with a relatively low staff/patient ratio. The number of these patients had fallen by one third, being replaced by patients who needed heavy physical nursing care. The new units would not therefore be able to fulfil their planned role of providing cheaper care than did the geriatric or psychiatric hospitals.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Relationship of age, American College Testing scores, grade point average, and State Board Examination scores.

The relationships between age and American College Testing (ACT) scores to college grade point average (GPA), and State Board scores were studied. The sample consisted of 787 persons admitted by two different procedures to an associate degree nursing program over a 10-year period. An age bias was found with significant negative correlations for each ACT score and age. The proportion of older students who graduated and passed the State Board examinations was significantly higher than the proportion of younger students. The two admission procedures resulted in similar rates for graduation and State Board passage. Age and ACT scores were not correlated with the GPA. Age and ACT scores, with the exception of mathematics, were positively correlated with the State Board scores.

Achievement↗
PubMed1983

Life events, social interaction and psychiatric symptoms in general practice: a pilot study.

Thirty-two adult females who consulted a general practitioner with psychiatric training were assessed by questionnaires on first attendance and at follow-up 6 months later. Major life events and the degree of social support were of importance. Failure to improve was associated with major negative life events; in the absence of such events, improvement seemed likely to occur given a high degree of social support; major positive events appeared to be associated with improvement, regardless of the degree of social interaction. These factors, and the initial and final GHQ scores, are inter-related in a complex manner and it is suggested that these findings merit further investigation on a larger sample of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Measuring creativity through computer graphics of hearing-impaired children.

The purpose of this study was to investigate variables affecting visual creativity of 31 hearing-impaired children through the medium of computer graphics. These children ranged in age from 8.0 to 15.9 yr. 16 subjects attended total-communication educational programs and 15 subjects attended aural/oral classes. Each subject worked independently at a computer terminal equipped with a graphics menu developed for a subject's use. Hardcopy printouts of four images per subject were evaluated for creativity, aesthetics, and imagery. Analysis suggested that creativity among hearing-impaired children is influenced by age and communication mode used in the educational setting.

Adolescent↗