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Biomedical subjects

S Rogers

Publications and source records attributed to S Rogers.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

UV-mutagenesis at a cloned target sequence: converted suppressor mutation is insensitive to mutation frequency decline regardless of the gene orientation.

Premutational lesions produced by ultraviolet radiation in the Gln2 tRNA genes of E. coli B/r show differing sensitivities to a mutation avoidance phenomenon known as mutation frequency decline (MFD). A mutation event that changes the wild-type gene to an amber (UAG) suppressor is normally sensitive to MFD. Mutation of this amber suppressor to an ochre (UAA) suppressor is not sensitive to MFD. These two mutation events occur in the same anticodon region of the DNA. The dissimilarity of MFD sensitivity between these two mutations may result because the respective premutational photoproducts for the two are located in opposite strands of duplex DNA. To examine the effect of strand position of the premutational lesions on MFD, recombinant lambda phage were constructed that contained the amber suppressor as a mutation target in the two possible orientations. Comparison of MFD in bacterial lysogens containing either of the two types of recombinant prophage indicated that reversing the orientation of the target sequence relative to adjacent bacterial DNA had no effect on MFD. Since rotational inversion of the target sequence did not alter the sensitivity to MFD of mutation occurring at the cloned target gene, the antimutation process inherent to MFD can not be attributed to an asymmetrical interaction between the template strands and the DNA-replication complex.

Base Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A single session, group study of exposure and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in treating Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Vietnam War veterans: preliminary data.

This report summarizes data gathered thus far from an ongoing study. Two groups (total N = 12) of Vietnam War veterans diagnosed with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) received a single session of exposure or Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) focusing on the veterans' most distressing war experience. Group assignment was random, treatment providers were blind to assessment data, and the pre- and posttreatment assessor was blind to treatment assignment. Both groups showed improvement on the Impact of Event Scale. EMDR treatment resulted in greater positive changes in within-session Subjective Units of Discomfort levels and on self-monitored severity of intrusive recollection. A trend toward decreased heart rate reactivity was observed in both groups. Results must be considered carefully due to the small number of subjects used in the study.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Whole blood impedance platelet aggregometry and ischemic heart disease. The Caerphilly Collaborative Heart Disease Study.

The Caerphilly Collaborative Heart Disease Study is based on a large cohort of men who were ages 49 to 64 years at the time of the study. We report the results for platelet aggregation measured in whole blood from a subsample of 308 men. The index of sensitivity used was the minimum concentration of adenosine diphosphate that produced a defined degree of impedance change in the Chronolog 560 aggregometer. There was a marked association between aggregation and prevalent ischemic heart disease (IHD). The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for prevalent IHD in men with the most sensitive platelets compared with those with the least sensitive platelets were 3.6 (95% Cl: 1.1 to 12.2) for angina; 7.3 (95% Cl: 2.0 to 24.3) for previous myocardial infarction (MI); and 2.7 (95% Cl: 1.0 to 7.6) for electrocardiogram evidence of ischemia. The confidence limits for these odds ratios are large because of the small sample size, but the estimates of odds ratio are relatively large compared to similar relationships between the traditional risk factors of serum cholesterol, blood pressure, smoking, and prevalent IHD (1.5 to 2.5). A number of factors that might confound the relationships between platelets and IHD were examined, but the associations remained statistically significant when these were taken into account.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mixed gender wards: what does the evidence indicate?

Would adoption of a mixed gender ward policy at the University Health Network accelerate the admission of patients to a ward bed, thereby positively influencing patient care and improving patient satisfaction? Would reducing transfers positively impact staff satisfaction by eliminating an onerous burden? How would patients and staff react to the idea of mixed gender rooms? Would eliminating transfers have a positive financial impact on the organization?

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Facilitative affiliation: nurse-client interactions that enhance healing.

Facilitative affiliation is a new concept developed to capture the essence of effective nurse-client interactions, regardless of the client population or the practice setting. This concept has been synthesized within the theoretical framework of Modeling and Role-Modeling. Defining attributes have been identified as (a) presence, (b) assessment of needs based on the client's self-care knowledge and perceived resources, (c) creative individualized interventions, (d) selective normative disregard, (e) mutual trust, (f) nurturance, and (g) advocacy: Facilitative affiliation is defined as any nurse-client interaction in which the nurse assesses the client's needs based on that individual's self-care knowledge and perceived resources and creates individualized interventions based on those identified needs. The relationship is then characterized by availability, nurturance, and advocacy on the part of the nurse and a sense of mutual trust between the client and the nurse. Several client outcomes have been posited including that of enhanced healing.

Helping Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Understanding valve/host interactions through explanted valve analysis.

It is essential that the factors leading to bioprosthetic valve dysfunction are fully understood if a more durable bioprosthesis is to be developed and the incidence of premature failure reduced. Studies of explanted bioprostheses yield important information on both the aetiology of valve failure and influence of valve/host interactions. Details are given of the Sheffield Explant Study which holds data on 570 explants and 34 different models. Advantages and disadvantages of this type of study are discussed.

Bioprosthesis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The multicultural workplace: preparing preceptors.

As we approach the 21st century, the workforce in the United States is becoming more culturally diverse. This is evident in many of our hospitals across the nation. Preceptors, who are trained as role models, communicators, and teachers, are poorly prepared to deal with the cultural diversity of nurses and their clients. The Texas Medical Center Collaborative Preceptor Program uses several methods to explore cultural differences and increase preceptors' sensitivity to people from other cultures. The course assists preceptors in identifying potential conflicts of value systems and cultural differences and enables them to identify methods of facilitating cultural adjustment. Preceptors are given the opportunity to identify their own cultural values and communication techniques and to experience cultural differences firsthand. The class includes lecture/discussion, gaming, role-play, and video. Experiential learning is used to identify cultural differences without being culturally offensive or stereotypical.

Cultural Characteristics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ophthalmologic features of Prader-Willi syndrome.

Forty-six patients with Prader-Willi syndrome were examined to determine the incidence and character of ocular abnormalities. All patients met clinical criteria for this syndrome including infantile hypotonia, hypogonadism, truncal obesity, intellectual impairment, dysmorphic facies, and short stature. Thirty-two patients had best corrected visual acuities between 6/6 and 6/9 in each eye. Seven patients (15%) had myopia greater than -3.75 diopters. Nineteen (41%) patients had astigmatism of 1.25 diopters or greater. Amblyopia of strabismic, anisometropic, or ametropic etiology was present in 11 (24%) of the patients. Strabismus was present in 25 (54%) patients: 22 (48%) patients had esotropia and three (7%) had exotropia. Nine patients either received or required strabismus surgery. Thirty-three percent of the patients examined for iris transillumination defects had this finding. This study represents the first large series of patients with Prader-Willi syndrome to undergo detailed ophthalmologic evaluation. Recognition of this syndrome is important because of the high incidence of potentially treatable ocular problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Current trends in the management of chronic myeloid leukaemia.

Conventional or alkylating treatment for chronic myeloid leukaemia has little impact on overall survival. Recent treatments, however, are encouraging. Alpha interferon may prolong the chronic phase in some patients, while allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is curative in over 50% of patients with HLA-compatible donors.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
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Osteochondroma in a British neolithic skeleton.

The skeletal remains of past populations provide an important source of information on the natural history of disease. Relatively few cases of bone tumours have been reported in archaeological material. This paper describes one of the oldest occurrences of osteochondroma to have been identified in a human skeleton.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of a primary health care project in Nigeria.

Despite the international prestige accorded primary health care (PHC) as evidenced by the numerous philosophical papers, workshops and projects carried out in its name, the impact of PHC is still relatively unknown. In many cases, the effectiveness of a PHC project is difficult to assess, particularly when it involves multisectoral interventions and different health outcomes. Cross-sectional studies often falter when trying to gauge the long-term effects of specific interventions. The reasons could be that the vital statistics and records were poorly kept or that the PHC success is evaluated in terms of rural clinics constructed rather than in population health parameters. Below is an evaluation of a PHC project that was a success. Jointly sponsored by ICN, UNICEF and the National Association of Nigeria Nurses and Midwives (NANNM), this project, when evaluated, clearly shows that nurses can capably plan, implement and evaluate a PHC project at the community level with very modest resources. It is hoped that the successful outcome will instigate the setting up of similar community projects.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The child: a pragmatic instrument in primary health care.

Children can be regarded as an integral community group--rather than as passive recipients of health care services--and can be a valuable asset in primary health care programmes, as demonstrated in the following report based on years of field experience by the first author Ego Onyejiaku and a recent project in Eastern Nigeria among the Igbo people. The cultural attitudes of parents in Igbo society made the success of PHC through these children more likely.

Attitude to Health↗