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Biomedical subjects

S Rogers

Publications and source records attributed to S Rogers.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Stanozolol stimulates remodelling of trabecular bone and net formation of bone at the endocortical surface.

1. We studied the mechanism of action of the anabolic steroid, stanozolol, in 23 patients with osteoporosis, using a combination of biochemical and histomorphometric techniques. 2. Treatment with stanozolol (5 mg/day) for 1 year was associated with a marked and significant decrease in the fasting urinary excretion of calcium (P less than 0.01) but not with changes in the serum concentrations of calcium and phosphate, the serum activity of alkaline phosphatase, the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium or the urinary excretion of hydroxyproline. 3. Histological examination of trabecular bone showed an increase in bone turnover and the bone formation rate increased twofold (P less than 0.02). There were no significant changes in bone volume or wall thickness after treatment. Tetracycline labelling was used to discriminate bone structural units completed before and during treatment. Measurements of the wall thickness of those bone structural units formed during treatment showed no significant change. 4. Measurements made on the endocortical surface also showed an increase in bone turnover, but in contrast to trabecular bone, the bone structural units formed at endocortical sites during treatment had a significantly greater wall thickness than those formed before treatment (P less than 0.05). 5. We conclude that stanozolol increases the turnover of trabecular bone and increases the endocortical apposition of bone.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

The pharmacokinetics of lomefloxacin in elderly patients with urinary tract infection following daily dosing with 400 mg.

Eleven elderly patients (mean age 83 years; range 75-90) with microbiologically proven urinary tract infections were given 400 mg lomefloxacin as a single daily dose for up to seven days. On the first and final day of treatment blood was taken at timed intervals and drug concentration-time curves plotted. Blood was also taken immediately before each of the other doses for assay of pre-dose concentrations. The mean (+/- S.D.) peak serum concentration of lomefloxacin on the first day was 4.8 mg/l (+/- 1.5) observed at a mean of 156 min (+/- 88) and on the final day was 6.3 mg/l (+/- 2.5) at a mean of 119 min (+/- 68). The mean serum half-life on the first day was 10.0 h (+/- 2.8) and on the final day 10.3 h (+/- 2.5). The daily pre-dose serum concentrations of lomefloxacin showed no accumulation of the drug. No serious adverse events were reported and all patients were cured although two had persistent pyuria. It is suggested that a once daily dose of 400 mg lomefloxacin is suitable for the elderly and that no dosage modification is needed in this patient group.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis in childhood (Sweet's syndrome).

We report a case of Sweet's syndrome in childhood. Our patients suffered from repeated fevers, chest infections and had characteristic erythematous plaques. The severity of his illness increased with age and warranted oral steroid treatment. We review 16 cases reported to date in the literature and comment on the management and prognosis of the disease in childhood.

Fever↗
PubMed1991

Bath-water delivery of 8-methoxypsoralen therapy for psoriasis.

Twenty-one patients with chronic plaque psoriasis were treated with bath 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and ultraviolet A (UVA). Clearing was achieved in sixty per cent of patients which was less than would be expected with oral 8-MOP. The treatment was well tolerated and was preferred by those who had previously been treated with oral psoralen. The cumulative dose of UVA was only one-fifth that expected with oral 8-MOP.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Cryotherapy for lentigo maligna.

Eleven patients, 10 with lentigo maligna (LM) and one with lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM), were treated with cryotherapy. The symptoms cleared in all patients except one with LM. There were recurrences in four patients and three cleared with further treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Isolation and characterization of a cryptic plasmid from mesophilic aeromonads: potential as a cloning vector.

A 2.6 kb covalently closed circular plasmid has been isolated from clinical and environmental isolates of Aeromonas sobria and A. hydrophila. The possibility that the plasmid carries genetic determinants that mediate resistance to a variety of anti-microbial agents has been eliminated. The plasmid is stable at approximately 20-25 copies per chromosome equivalent which, together with its relatively small size and the presence of unique restriction sites, makes it a good candidate for development as a cloning vector.

Aeromonas↗
PubMed1991

Lack of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein expression in male breast carcinoma.

A series of 21 male breast carcinomas were immunostained using NCL-CB11, an antibody directed against the internal domain of the c-erbB-2 transmembrane oncoprotein. In contrast to female breast cancer, where up to 35% of cases show positivity, all of these cases were negative. This suggests that no prognostic information regarding patient survival can be made in these patients and that male breast carcinomas may be under different growth control mechanisms from female breast carcinomas.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Audit of turn-around times in a microbiology laboratory.

To determine the turn-around time in a microbiology laboratory a survey form was designed to collect data on the origin and type of specimen and the dates and times when (i) the sample was taken; (ii) the specimen was received in the laboratory; (iii) the report was signed by the microbiologist; (iv) the report was sorted by the laboratory clerical staff; and (v) the final report was received on the ward. The cumulative time from sampling to a result arriving on the ward was 51.5 (SD 28.6) hours. The survey is a simple method of determining turn-around time and high-lighted minor deficiencies in the service which were easily rectified.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1991

Modulation of rat tissue galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase by uridine and uridine triphosphate.

Uridine-containing sugar nucleotides, uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose and UDPgalactose are important intermediates in galactose metabolism, and tissue UDPgalactose may be a salient factor in the etiology of the long-term clinical manifestations of patients with galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficient galactosemia. Because uridine and uridine nucleotides such as uridine triphosphate (UTP) are known inhibitors of rat hepatic transferase, we have examined the effects of these compounds on the activity of the enzyme in homogenates of rat brain and ovary which are target organs of galactose toxicity in classical galactosemia. In addition, the concerted effect of uridine and UTP together on hepatic transferase has been assessed. These investigations have been prompted by considerations that uridine administration may have a therapeutic role in the long-term treatment of classical galactosemia. Both uridine and UTP have been found to be potent inhibitors of brain and ovarian transferase activity. Brain enzyme activity is more sensitive to these compounds than is that of the ovary. They are competitive inhibitors of UDPglucose in both newborn and adult brain enzyme preparations with a ki of 0.15 to 0.20 mM. Uridine and UTP at low concentrations were found to have an additive effect on rat hepatic transferase activity, which is especially significant in that uridine administration is known to increase hepatic UTP concentration. These findings suggest judicious caution should be used in giving uridine to patients with genetically limited transferase activity because the possibility exists of inhibiting small amounts of residual enzyme in the tissues of affected subjects.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Management of common potentially serious paediatric illnesses by aid post orderlies at Tari, Southern Highlands Province.

Systematic observations were made of a small number of aid post orderlies (APOs) managing children with the common but potentially serious symptoms of cough, fever and diarrhoea. On-site performance was evaluated against recommended management guidelines set out in Dr Keith Edwards' Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Childhood Illnesses for APOs. History taking at the aid post was brief and usually non-exploratory; examination of patients was often neglected. Drug prescription was generally appropriate for the diagnosis made, but drug dosages were often incorrect and treatment principles were rarely explained to guardians. Preventive health issues were rarely tackled. Our study reaffirms the need for on-site assessment of the performance of paramedical workers, sets priority demands for continuing education of health workers, and provides a framework for competency-based problem-solving activities within this context.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Declining impact of oral rehydration therapy in a Papua New Guinea Highlands Province: a case study with implications for Papua New Guinea's National Diarrheal Disease Control Program.

A provincial diarrheal disease control program that was based on the delivery of oral rehydration solution (ORS) from health facilities now places greater emphasis on the management of diarrhea with fluids at home. The change in strategy has been associated with decreasing utilization of health facilities and increasing mortality from diarrheal disease. The declining impact is attributed to the promotion of home-based management with little preparation of the target population for their therapeutic role. National policy recommends home-based management for mild cases of diarrhea and ORS for more severe cases. Our observations in the Southern Highlands Province have important implications for the diarrheal disease control program in Papua New Guinea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Immunogenicity of standard dose Edmonston-Zagreb measles vaccine in highland Papua New Guinean children from four months of age.

A small-scale trial was carried out at Tari in the Southern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea to determine the effectiveness of a standard subcutaneous dose of Edmonston-Zagreb measles vaccine (Institute of Immunology, Zagreb) administered to children at less than 8 months of age. Specific antibody levels were measured before and 7-11 weeks after vaccination using an ELISA system. Paired sera from 41 children vaccinated at 4-7 months of age and from 18 children vaccinated routinely at 8-29 months of age were available for comparison. No child 6 months of age or older had detectable maternal antibodies and all of these seroconverted. Post-vaccination titres in 12 children aged 6-7 months were not significantly different from those in older children and 1 year later, post-vaccination titres were still high. In Papua New Guinea, and perhaps in other developing countries, it may prove appropriate and acceptable to vaccinate with Edmonston-Zagreb measles vaccine at 6 months of age without recourse to augmentation of dose from that currently recommended in older children.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1990

Examination charge.

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Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1990

Regulation of galactose metabolism: implications for therapy.

In view of evidence that dietary therapy of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency has failed to prevent complications of the disorder, there is a need for new strategies in treatment. The enhancement of residual enzyme activity in tissues of galactosaemic patients should provide such an approach. This possibility is derived from knowledge of the regulation of transferase activity in normal animal tissues. The pertinent observations summarized herein are: (1) that hepatic transferase activity is modulated by various cellular metabolites, uridine nucleotides being of particular significance; (2) that transferase activity in the young rat liver is subject to developmental programming with a several-fold increase after birth; (3) that transferase activity in pregnant rat liver is significantly increased which may be related to hormonal effects of progesterone; and (4) that pharmacological doses of folic acid may increase transferase activity. The basis of such regulation can give insight into sufficient augmentation of the residual activity to increase galactose utilization and thereby better the long-term outcome.

Animals↗