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Biomedical subjects

S Rogers

Publications and source records attributed to S Rogers.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

A multicentre, parallel-group comparison of calcipotriol ointment and short-contact dithranol therapy in chronic plaque psoriasis.

Short-contact treatment with dithranol (anthralin) is a widely used treatment for chronic plaque psoriasis. Although effective, it causes staining and irritation, and is therefore inconvenient. Calcipotriol is a recently developed vitamin D analogue which is effective and easy to use. To evaluate the relative efficacy, safety and acceptability of these treatments a multicentre, open, randomized, parallel-group comparison was performed. Four hundred and seventy-eight patients with chronic plaque psoriasis were randomized to use one of the two treatments for 8 weeks. One group applied calcipotriol ointment (50 micrograms/g) twice daily. The other used a single application for 30 min each day of Dithrocream in the highest concentration tolerated. Severity of psoriasis was assessed by modified PASI score at baseline, and after 2, 4, and 8 weeks of treatment. A five-point scale was used by subjects and by investigators as an additional assessment of overall response, and a similar scale was used by subjects to grade acceptability. Total serum calcium was monitored at baseline and after 2 and 8 weeks on treatment. The mean PASI score fell from 9.1 to 4.7 after 8 weeks on dithranol (P < 0.001), and from 9.4 to 3.4 on calcipotriol (P < 0.001). The difference between the two treatments was significant in favour of calcipotriol at 2 weeks (P < 0.001), and remained so at subsequent assessments. At 8 weeks the difference between mean improvements in scores for the two groups was 1.6 (95% confidence interval 0.5-2.7). Efficacy grading by subjects and investigators, and acceptability grading by subjects, were all significantly better for calcipotriol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Bath-water compared with oral delivery of 8-methoxypsoralen PUVA therapy for chronic plaque psoriasis.

Forty-four patients with chronic plaque psoriasis were randomly allocated to treatment with bath-water-delivered 8-methoxypsoralen (bath 8-MOP) or oral 8-methoxypsoralen (oral 8-MOP) PUVA therapy. There was a significant reduction in extent of the lesions and psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) after 20 treatments with each modality. There was a fourfold reduction in cumulative ultraviolet A (UVA) dose in the bath group. Side-effects of erythema and nausea were less with bath therapy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and the possible association with Sjögren's syndrome.

Thirty patients with psoriatic arthropathy (PA) were age- and sex-matched with patients with plaque psoriasis alone to investigate a possible link between Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and PA. The results of clinical examination, Schirmer's test, maximal stimulated salivary flow rate, haematological and serological investigations were compared in the two groups. Median maximal stimulated salivary flow rate was significantly reduced in patients with PA suggesting that salivary glands are affected in this condition. One patient with PA had SS.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Cutaneous xanthogranulomatous inflammation: a potential indicator of internal disease.

Cutaneous xanthogranulomatous inflammation is usually regarded as a primary disease process. We describe two patients with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and nephro-cutaneous fistulae, one patient with xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis and a chole-cutaneous fistula and one patient with xanthogranulomatous appendicitis and appendiceal-cutaneous fistula. After the first case, awareness that cutaneous xanthogranulomatous inflammation can be secondary to related internal disease played a vital diagnostic role in the subsequent cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Skin thickness in psoriasis.

Skin thickness measured by the Harpenden skin-fold caliper showed that the uninvolved or non-lesional skin thickness in psoriasis does not differ significantly from that of normal skin. It is thinner in females than in males under 65 years and decreases with age in both sexes. It is thinner in those with fair skin compared to those who tan easily. Uninvolved skin thickness in psoriasis appears to influence the thickness of an adjacent psoriatic plaque.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The efficacy of methotrexate in psoriasis--a review of 40 cases.

Forty patients with psoriasis treated with methotrexate (MTX) are reviewed. MTX was particularly effective in controlling erythrodermic and generalized pustular psoriasis. The treatment was discontinued in seven patients due to nausea in two and because of abnormal laboratory tests in five. Two patients developed toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and died. Patients under 60 years of age had a liver biopsy before treatment and repeat biopsy after each cumulative MTX dose of 1500 mg. We consider that MTX is the drug of choice for treating difficult psoriasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Abnormal bone remodelling in patients with myelomatosis and normal biochemical indices of bone resorption.

We studied bone biopsies from 26 patients with myelomatosis with apparently normal skeletal metabolism. Quantitative histomorphometric measurements suggested that skeletal disease was progressive despite normocalcaemia and normal urinary excretion rates of calcium and hydroxyproline. When biopsies were divided according to the involvement of marrow by plasma cells, bone resorption--as judged by the eroded surface--increased significantly the greater plasma cell burden. Osteoclasts were frequent with moderate tumour burdens, but there was no further increase in the number of osteoclasts when plasma cell infiltration increased by more than 50% of bone marrow. Contrary to expectation, the numbers of osteoblasts and bone formation rates were increased with bone biopsies with moderate tumour burden, but were markedly lower when plasma cell infiltration occupied more than 50% of bone marrow, due to a decreased functional capacity of osteoblasts. We conclude that skeletal bone disease in myeloma is commonly progressive despite apparently stable bone disease as judged by biochemical measurements. The major mechanism of bone loss in myelomatosis is increased osteoclastic resorption but decreased bone formation contributes to bone loss with heavy plasma cell burdens. Urinary excretion of calcium and hydroxyproline provide insensitive indices of bone resorption in myelomatosis.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1992

Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the apoprotein A-I-C-III gene cluster in control and stroke-prone white and black subjects: racial differences.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The presence of known restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the apoprotein A-I-C-III gene cluster, which encodes their respective apoproteins, was investigated using the restriction enzymes Sac I and Pst I to determine the potential role of genetic variations for stroke risk in an American population. METHODS: Ninety-eight subjects (70 white, 28 black subjects), both normal controls with no carotid stenosis and those with carotid stenosis believed at risk for stroke, defined as showing stenosis focally or diffusely at that site, composed the study population. RESULTS: Sac I polymorphic S2 allele frequency was higher in stroke-risk groups, whereas Pst I polymorphic P2 allele frequency was similar in control and stroke-risk groups. Significantly higher levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and low density lipoprotein (p less than 0.05) and significantly lower levels of high density lipoprotein (p less than 0.05) were observed in stroke-risk groups with diffuse stenosis. Results of our study with the two racial groups show the following: the frequency of Sac I polymorphism was significantly higher in American black compared with American white subjects (chi 2 = 3.92, p less than 0.05). Among serum lipids, triglycerides were significantly higher in white compared with black subjects (p less than 0.05). In white subjects, carotid artery stenosis was associated with significantly elevated total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (p less than 0.01) but not with Sac I polymorphism. In black subjects the converse was observed, namely, the Sac I polymorphic S2 allele seemed to be associated with carotid bifurcation stenosis but did not reach statistical significance because of the small number of subjects. In addition, Sac I polymorphism did not correlate with any lipid profile. Pst I polymorphism was not associated with any lipid profile or carotid artery stenosis abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that carotid artery stenosis identifies white subjects with increased plasma total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein, an atherogenic profile, but not with Sac I polymorphism. These findings suggest that carotid bifurcation stenosis in white subjects is associated with an atherogenic lipid profile but not with apoprotein A-I-C-III restriction fragment length polymorphisms. In black subjects, Sac I polymorphism seems to identify those individuals with significant carotid stenosis, a necessary precursor to atherothrombotic brain infarction, but not those with elevated total cholesterol, elevated low density lipoprotein, and/or reduced high density lipoprotein. These results suggest that Sac I polymorphism may identify black subjects at increased risk for atherothrombotic brain infarctions.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Regional activity of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase in rat brain.

The sp act of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase has been measured in individual regions of adult rat brain to see if site-specific differences in enzyme activity can aid in the understanding of brain abnormalities observed in well-treated galactosemic patients. The sp act in the cerebellum, brain stem, and midbrain were higher than in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. Activity in the cerebellum was 2-fold greater than that found in the cortex. Steady state levels of mRNA of the enzyme in the cerebellum were twice that of the cortex corresponding to the ratio of enzyme sp act in the two regions. Measurement of the kinetic parameters in tissue from the cerebellum and cortex revealed that the regional specificity in enzyme activity observed in the brain represents differences in the Vmax. Inhibition of the enzyme by uridine and uridine triphosphate was essentially the same for all regions and was not influenced by the 2-fold differences observed in the levels of enzyme. Inhibition by uridine was significantly greater than that for uridine triphosphate.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Visual and nonvisual information disambiguate surfaces specified by motion parallax.

Motion parallax has been shown to be an effective and unambiguous source of information about the structure of three-dimensional (3-D) surfaces, both when an observer makes lateral movements with respect to a stationary surface and when the surface translates with respect to a stationary observer (Rogers & Graham, 1979). When the same pattern of relative motions among parts of the simulated surface is presented to a stationary observer on an unmoving monitor, the perceived corrugations are unstable with respect to the direction of the peaks and troughs. The lack of ambiguity in the original demonstrations could be due to the presence of (1) non-visual information (proprioceptive and vestibular signals) produced when the observer moves or tracks a moving surface, and/or (2) additional optic flow information available in the whole array. To distinguish between these two possibilities, we measured perceived ambiguity in simulated 3-D surfaces in situations where either nonvisual information or one of four kinds of visual information was present. Both visual and nonvisual information were effective in disambiguating the direction of depth within the simulated surface. Real perspective shape transformations affecting the elements of the display were most effective in disambiguating the display.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Role of autocrine and paracrine production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-1 beta in the autonomous growth of acute myeloblastic leukaemia cells--studies using purified CD34-positive cells.

The blast cells from some patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) proliferate autonomously in vitro. We have previously identified four groups of AML blasts based upon their growth characteristics in vitro, in particular the degree of autonomous growth. We have now measured the production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) by AML cells with different growth characteristics, using two sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Our results show a correlation between the capacity of AML blasts to produce GM-CSF and IL-1 beta and the ability to grow autonomously in vitro. Blasts from cells with no autonomous growth (n = 5) secreted low or undetectable amounts of GM-CSF and IL-1 beta. Blasts with totally autonomous growth (n = 10) secreted the highest levels of GM-CSF (mean 2469 pg/10(3) cells) and IL-1 beta (mean 3156 pg/10(6) cells). Whereas blasts with partially autonomous growth (n = 9) secreted intermediate levels of GM-CSF (mean 270 pg/10(6) cells) and IL-1 beta (mean 931 pg/10(6) cells). In order to determine whether GM-CSF production was autocrine or the consequence of paracrine secretion by differentiated leukemic cells, we studied the degree of autonomous growth and production of GM-CSF by CD34-positive blasts from eight patients whose unfractionated cells produced GM-CSF. We found that CD34-positive blasts from six of these cases grew autonomously to a degree comparable to that of the unfractionated cells, and that CD34-positive blasts produced GM-CSF either autonomously or in response to recombinant IL-1 beta. Our data suggests that in the majority of cases, CD34-positive blasts are capable of autonomous growth and autocrine GM-CSF production, however this is variably regulated by the paracrine production of IL-1 beta by CD34-negative cells.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1992

A clinical collaboration of a psychiatrist and a geriatric care manager.

Older persons often need an integrated support system to enable them to remain in the community. This is particularly true for elderly patients with multidimensional disorders. This article describes an effective collaboration between a psychiatrist and geriatric care manager in treating six such patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Characterization of the binding site for nevirapine (BI-RG-587), a nonnucleoside inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 reverse transcriptase.

Nevirapine (BI-RG-587) is a potent and specific non-nucleoside inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 reverse transcriptase. The compound is non-competitive with respect to template, primer, and nucleoside triphosphates indicating that BI-RG-587 does not act directly at the catalytic site. The binding site for this inhibitor was investigated by employing an azido photoaffinity analogue, BI-RJ-70, to covalently label the enzyme. The resulting photoadduct was subjected to enzymatic digestion by trypsin and endoproteinase lys-C and a single, highly labeled peptide was identified as residues 174-199. Sequencing of this peptide identified Tyr-181 and Tyr-188 as labeled residues.

Affinity Labels↗
PubMed1991

The concentration of red blood cell UDPglucose and UDPgalactose determined by high-performance liquid chromatography.

We have developed a sensitive method that employs high-performance liquid chromatography to separate and quantitate uridine diphosphogalactose (UDPGal) and uridine diphosphoglucose (UDPGlu) in human red blood cells. The trichloracetic acid extracts of red blood cells were chromatographed using a Dionex CarboPac anion-exchange resin and a 20-40% potassium phosphate buffer, pH 4.5, in a gradient-elution program. UDPGal and UDPGlu were detected spectrophotometrically at 254 nm. Recoveries of UDPGal and UDPGlu ranged from 96 to 106%. Under these conditions, there was exceptionally good reproducibility in stored specimens, and the method was sensitive in the low picamole range. The mean values and standard deviations in adults were 2.9 +/- 0.4 and 7.8 +/- 0.8 mumol/100 g Hgb for UDPGal and UDPGlu, respectively. The values in children were 4.5 +/- 1.2 and 10.2 +/- 1.7 mumol/100 g Hgb for UDPGal and UDPGlu, respectively. Values determined by the HPLC method are in excellent agreement with those obtained by enzyme analysis.

Adult↗