Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Robinson

Publications and source records attributed to S Robinson.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The effect of cigarette smoking on the thermic response to feeding.

Resting energy expenditures, the thermic responses to a standard meal (2.09 MJ 'Ensure') and energy intakes were measured in eight age/weight matched pairs of female smokers and non-smokers. The mean thermic response to the standard meal (including the thermic effects of smoking) was 35 percent greater for the smokers when compared with the mean thermic response to the standard meal alone shown by the non-smoker controls (P less than 0.05). There was a tendency for the smokers' energy intakes and resting metabolic rates to be higher then those of the non-smokers (5 percent and 9 percent respectively), but neither of these differences achieved statistical significance. Eleven smokers (three male and eight female) were studied after a 7-day period of abstention from smoking. Total energy expenditure following the meal did not change and the absence of a significant fall in metabolic rate (i.e. to the level of non-smokers) was thought to be partly a consequence of concomitantly increased energy intakes observed (11 percent, P less than 0.05) during this abstention period. Cigarette smoking and feeding appear to have additive rather than synergistic thermogenic effects on metabolic rate.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1985

Prognostic value of the electroencephalogram in term and preterm infants following neonatal seizures.

There is controversy in the literature regarding the prognostic value of the EEG following neonatal seizures. This report reviews the results of a prospective study comparing EEG findings and outcome in 74 term and preterm infants following neonatal seizures. EEGs were evaluated for both background rhythms and epileptiform activity. Outcome was evaluated at an average age of 33 months. Background rhythms were highly correlated with outcome. Low voltage, electrocerebral inactivity and burst suppression EEGs were associated with poor outcomes while normal EEGs were associated with favorable outcomes. Slow, maturationally delayed and asymmetrical EEGs were associated with variable outcomes. The presence of epileptiform activity on the EEG was correlated with adverse outcomes but was not as highly significant as background rhythms. Electroencephalographic seizures, whether associated with clinical manifestations or not, were highly correlated with poor outcomes. The significance of these EEG findings was similar in both term and preterm infants. The study demonstrates that the EEG is predictive of outcome following neonatal seizures.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of enflurane, halothane, and isoflurane for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in children with malignancies.

The authors performed a randomized, prospective trial comparing enflurane, halothane, and isoflurane (each administered with nitrous oxide) to establish which inhaled anesthetic produced the fewest complications and the most rapid induction of anesthesia for children undergoing general anesthesia for diagnostic procedures as oncology outpatients. Sixty-six children, ranging from 8 months to 18 years, underwent a total of 124 anesthetics. Induction of anesthesia (time from placement of facemask to beginning of skin preparation) was faster with halothane (2.7 +/- 1.0 min, mean +/- SD, n = 46) than with enflurane (3.2 +/- 0.8 min, n = 43) or isoflurane (3.3 +/- 1.2 min, n = 35). Emergence from anesthesia (time from completion of the procedure to spontaneous eye opening) was more rapid with enflurane (4.7 +/- 4.4 min) than with halothane (6.2 +/- 4.5 min) or isoflurane (6.2 +/- 3.9 min). Total time from the start of procedure until discharge was longer with isoflurane (25.1 +/- 6.8 min) than with enflurane (21.5 +/- 8.6 min) or halothane (22.3 +/- 7.6 min). During induction, the incidence of laryngospasm was greatest with isoflurane (23%) and the incidence of excitement least with halothane (13%). During the maintenance of, emergence from, and recovery from anesthesia, coughing occurred most frequently with isoflurane. During the recovery period, headache occurred most frequently with halothane (9%); there were no significant differences in the incidence of nausea, vomiting, hunger, or depressed effect. The authors conclude that the rapid induction and minimal airway-related complications associated with halothane anesthesia make it an excellent anesthetic agent for pediatric patients undergoing short diagnostic procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Hypophosphatemia and hypercalciuria in small premature infants fed human milk: evidence for inadequate dietary phosphorus.

Phosphorus and calcium balance was measured prospectively in stable premature infants (less than or equal to 1600 gm) fed human milk or a standard commercial formula. Throughout the study, the P and Ca intakes of the infants fed human milk were two to three times less than those of infants fed formula. Infants fed human milk showed low serum P and normal serum Ca concentrations, complete renal reabsorption of P, and elevated renal Ca excretion. The net effect in infants fed human milk was a 50% reduction in the P and Ca retention, compared with the formula-fed group. Despite the unfavorable P and Ca balance in the group fed human milk, the only evidence of rickets was elevated alkaline phosphatase activity. Nevertheless, based on the biochemical changes in these infants, low serum P values, and excess urinary calcium losses, we conclude that the stable small premature infant fed human milk exclusively is deficient in phosphorus and only slightly more sufficient in calcium.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMed1984

The effectiveness of levamisole hydrochloride against the microfilaria of Dirofilaria immitis.

Levamisole hydrochloride was an efficient microfilaricide when used in dogs at a dosage of 10 mg/kg twice daily for 14 days. Increasing the dose rate every 3 days to 10 mg/kg twice daily and maintaining it at 10 mg/kg twice daily for a further 8 days, was also effective but a dosage of 5 mg/kg twice daily for 21 days was less effective and a dose rate of 20 mg/kg was efficient, but toxic.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The minimum anesthetic concentration of isoflurane in children.

The minimum anesthetic concentration (MAC) of isoflurane was determined in five pediatric age groups. MAC was 1.6% in infants 0-1 month of age, 1.87% in those 1-6 months of age, 1.8% in those 6-12 months of age, 1.6% in those 1-3 yr of age, and 1.6% in children 3-5 yr of age. MAC in neonates was less than predicted.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Anesthetic requirements for halothane in young children 0-1 month and 1-6 months of age.

In a previous study, the authors found that infants, in the first 6 months of life, required the highest minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of any age group (1.09% halothane). Because only two neonates (0-31 days of age) were included in the original study and because profound depression of blood pressure and heart rate have been reported in neonates, the authors determined 1) whether the MAC of halothane in neonates (n = 12) differs from that in infants (1-6 months of age) (n = 12) and 2) whether the blood pressure and heart rate responses in neonates differ from those in infants at approximately 1 MAC. The authors found that the MAC of halothane in neonates, 0.87% +/- 0.03 SEM, was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than that in infants, 1.20% +/- 0.06 SEM. With induction of anesthesia, the systolic blood pressure decreased 23% in neonates (P less than 0.05) and 34% in infants (P less than 0.005) from awake values. Similarly, the heart rate decreased 12% in neonates and 22% in infants (P less than 0.05). The incidence of hypotension (greater than 30% decrease in systolic blood pressure from awake) in neonates, 33%, was not significantly different from that in infants, 44%. The authors conclude that the MAC of halothane in neonates is 25% less than that in infants and significantly less than was thought previously. The MAC in infants is the highest of any age group. The decrease in blood pressure and the incidence of hypotension in neonates are similar to those in infants at approximately 1 MAC of halothane.

Age Factors↗