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Biomedical subjects

S Richter

Publications and source records attributed to S Richter.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Single preoperative bladder instillation of povidone-iodine for the prevention of postprostatectomy bacteriuria and wound infection.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness of preoperative bladder washing with povidone-iodine to prevent postprostatectomy wound infection. DESIGN: Patients with an indwelling catheter and scheduled for prostatectomy were divided into two groups. In patients in group 1 (n = 76) the indwelling catheter was simply removed without bladder irrigation. Patients in group 2 (n = 80) had their bladder washed with a nondiluted solution of povidone-iodine before surgery. PATIENTS: One hundred fifty-six consecutive patients with an indwelling catheter and bacteriuria. Mean age was 64 years. All patients had an open prostatectomy during the 12-month study period. Patients undergoing open prostatectomy during the first 6 months of the study had no bladder irrigation and served as the control group. Patients undergoing open prostatectomy during the following 6 months had a bladder instillation with povidone-iodine. RESULTS: Wound infection appeared in 17 of 76 patients (22.4%) without bladder washing and in 4 of 80 patients (5%) when 50 to 60 ml of the solution was retained in the bladder for 10 to 13 minutes (p = .001). The incidence of postoperative bacteriuria remained unchanged in the control group (100%) but was reduced to 22.5% in the treated group (p = .001). Statistical comparisons of incidence were done using the chi square test. CONCLUSIONS: It has been demonstrated that the use of preoperative bladder instillation of povidone-iodine may be highly effective in the prevention of postprostatectomy wound infection and in reducing the incidence of bacteriuria in patients with an indwelling catheter and urine colonization.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1991

Infected urine as a risk factor for postprostatectomy wound infection.

OBJECTIVE: To study the relation of preoperative infected urine and postprostatectomy wound infection in patients with and without indwelling bladder catheters. DESIGN: Patients undergoing prostatectomy were evaluated for the presence of infected urine prior to prostatectomy and postoperative wound infection. They were further divided into patients with indwelling urinary catheter and catheter-free patients. All had received antibiotic prophylaxis. PATIENTS: One hundred fifty consecutive patients undergoing open prostatectomy--mean age was 67 years; 100 patients with an indwelling catheter for a mean period of 50 days; 50 catheter-free patients. RESULTS: Wound infection was found in 19 of 81 (23.5%) and in 6 of 69 (8.7%) patients with infected and sterile urine, respectively (p = .028). In patients with indwelling catheters prior to operation, wound infection was 22.4% when urine was infected and 8.3% when it was not. In patients without catheters, infected urine was associated with 40% of wound infections, as compared with 8.9% of wound infections in patients with sterile urine. Organisms obtained from infected wound and urine were identical in 84% of cases. These results were obtained despite antibiotic prophylaxis. CONCLUSIONS: Wound infection has been demonstrated to be a postprostatectomy complication directly related to the presence of urinary infection at surgery; thus, elective prostatectomy should be deferred until urine becomes sterile.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

A blue naevus of the prostate: a light microscopic study including an investigation of S-100 protein positive cells in the normal and in the diseased gland.

A blue naevus of the prostate in an 80-year-old patient is presented, including electronmicroscopical examination and the demonstration of S-100 protein positivity. Cells expressing S-100 protein were sought in prostates of infants, young adults and elderly patients with hyperplasia and carcinoma. Positive staining was found in stromal cells, but the number diminished with age and disease. These findings could explain the rarity of blue naevus and the virtual absence of primary malignant melanoma in the prostate.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Supratrigonal ectopic prostate: case report and review of the literature.

A 76-year-old man with a 6-month history of dysuria and frequency had a sessile tumor at the bladder dome containing benign prostatic glandular tissue. The presence of benign prostatic polyps in the prostatic urethra and bladder neck is a common finding. Ectopic prostatic tissue elsewhere is rare, it has been described previously in a few cases in the trigonum and only once in the supratrigonal area. The origin of prostate glands in this unlikely location is not yet fully understood. Prostatic tissue at any ectopic location is benign, although local recurrence has been reported.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Diverticular disease. Pathology and clinical aspects based on 368 autopsy cases].

There were found 368 cases (4.5 percent) of diverticulosis of the intestine based on 8124 autopsies in the years of 1979 till 1988 with regard to their localisation, complications and accompanied diseases. In 174 of 368 cases clinical files could be examined and integrated in the evaluation. Sigmoid diverticula were most frequently followed from duodenal diverticula chiefly in the immediate vicinity of the "Papilla of Vateri". Constipation, stomachache, haemorrhoids and spasm of the anal sphincter were typical complaints. One during lifetime known diverticulosis was noted only approximately half on the autopsy application as a second disease. The autopsy results a complication of diverticula (mostly with a peritonitis) in 39 percent as the primary cause of death. Most frequently complication was a diverticulitis (in 16.8 percent refer to the total number). Arteriosclerosis, hypertension and/or diabetes (so called "civilization diseases") were in the main accompanied diseases, which were found too. Surgical intervention took place principal under suspicion of malignoma or as an "acute abdomen". Non-characteristic complaints (protraction by the physician) and the ignorance of the illness among the population (protraction by the patients) are disadvantageous to the identification of the diverticulosis. Because the diverticulosis as a disease of the economic developed countries represents a growing problem ought to direct more attention to prevention, which consists in application of food rich in ballast-substances and the treatment of the constipation.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A self-retaining intraurethral device as an alternative to indwelling catheter and prostatectomy].

A new, original self-retaining intraurethral catheter (IUC), 30-60 mm long, was inserted into the urethra and bladder neck in 34 patients with urinary retention due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. The placement of the IUC is easily done under local anesthesia in the outpatient clinic. Before insertion, all the patients had had an indwelling catheter for weeks or months. In 29 patients (85.3%) the IUC was left in place from 2-38 weeks (mean 13.8). These patients voided satisfactorily and were fully continent. In 5 (14.7%) the IUC had to be removed after several days because of severe frequency or residual urine, the result of improper placement of the IUC. In 4 other patients (11.8%) the IUC was removed after 3-12 weeks because of obstruction by stones after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, or because of difficulty in voiding during therapeutic diuresis for pulmonary edema. Based on our experience, it is suggested that this new device may avoid the use of the standard indwelling catheter in patients with urinary retention caused by intravesical obstruction. It may also be an alternative to prostatectomy in patients at high risk for surgery.

Catheters, Indwelling↗
PubMed1990

Pulmonary function testing prior to extubation in infants with respiratory distress syndrome.

Pulmonary function testing was performed just prior to extubation on 50 infants mechanically ventilated for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome. All infants were ready for extubation as defined by clinical criteria. Pulmonary mechanics and energetics were measured by a computerized technique that consists of a pneumotachometer to measure flow rates and an esophageal balloon and differential transducer to estimate transpulmonary pressure. Tidal volume, minute ventilation, dynamic lung compliance, pulmonary resistance, and resistive work of breathing were then calculated by high speed microcomputer processing. Successful extubation was defined as greater than 72 hours without respiratory decompensation requiring reinstitution of ventilatory support. Thirty-six (72%) infants were successfully extubated and 14 (28%) infants failed extubation. Infants in the success and failure groups were matched for birth weight, gestational age, age at study, weight at study, weight at study relative to birth weight, use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and methylxanthines. No statistically significant differences in pulmonary mechanics were seen between the two groups. Data suggests that successful withdrawal of mechanical ventilation may be related to multiple factors such as central inspiratory drive, diaphragmatic endurance, and chest wall stability, in addition to improved lung mechanics. Pulmonary function testing criteria alone may not be useful in determining optimal timing of extubation in premature infants.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

A new self-retaining intraurethral device. An alternative to an indwelling catheter in patients with urinary retention due to infravesical obstruction.

A new self-retaining intraurethral catheter, designed as an alternative to an indwelling catheter, has been used in 14 patients. It was left in place for 2 to 18 weeks; 11 of the 14 patients were able to void freely, were continent and had neither residual urine nor urinary tract infection. This device may be used instead of an indwelling Foley catheter in patients with retention due to infravesical obstruction and may be an alternative to prostatectomy in patients who are at high risk for surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

A simple, self-retaining intraurethral catheter for treatment of prostatic obstruction.

An intraurethral catheter was successfully used in 38 of 47 (80.9%) patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who were awaiting surgery or in whom surgery constituted a high risk. All patients had indwelling catheters due to urinary retention. The device was inserted via a cystoscope or a specially designed insertion set. The insertion was performed in the outpatient clinic under local anesthesia and did not require more time than the cystoscopy itself. The intraurethral catheter remained in place for up to 41 weeks. None of the patients developed clinically evident urinary tract infections. Voiding and continence were satisfactory in all, although 8 (21%) suffered some degree of frequency of micturition. There are apparently no limitations in the use of the intraurethral catheter. Compared to other techniques and devices for treatment of urinary retention, the intraurethral catheter appears to be more physiological, easier to insert and remove, and more economical. We recommend intraurethral catheter insertion for up to 6 months in patients who are awaiting surgery and as an alternative for high-risk patients. In the latter, the intraurethral catheter should be changed after 6 months.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Enhancement of radiation sensitivity in iododeoxyuridine labelled cells exposed to low energy x-rays.

In order to investigate if low-energy x-rays induce Auger cascades by photoelectric absorption in iodine present in DNA, CHO cells were labelled with iododeoxyuridine (IUdR) for 72 hours. Following labelling, the cells were either irradiated with low-energy x-rays (75 kV, 4 mm Al) or 137Cs-gamma-rays. The radiation response was measured using clonogenic survival, and the survival parameters were analyzed according to the linear quadratic model. The dose modifying factors were determined as the ratios of the alpha-coefficients. The IUdR labelled cells were found to be about 3.2 times as sensitive as the control cells when irradiated with low-energy x-rays. For 137Cs-gamma the ratio was about 1.5. The standard deviations were estimated by Gauss' approximation to be about 0.5 for both irradiation conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Microscopic and flow cytometric study of micronuclei in iododeoxyuridine labelled cells irradiated with soft x-rays.

Iododeoxyuridine labelled (IUdR(+)) and unlabelled (IUdR(-)) CHO cells irradiated with 2 Gy of soft x-rays showed only minor differences in the kinetics of micronuclei formation during the first 20 hours postirradiation period. Between 20 to 40 hours, the IUdR(-) cells showed approximately a constant number # of micronuclei while the number of micronuclei in IUdR(+) cells was still increasing. The frequency of micronuclei was higher in IUdR(+) cells compared to IUdR(-) cells at 24 hours after irradiation with various doses up to 4.0 Gy. Dose modifying factors were found to be 1.3 (microscopic evaluation) and 1.8 (flow cytometric evaluation). Flow cytometry with use of two parameters, fluorescence from propidium iodide and light scattering, seems to be a good tool to estimate the frequency of micronuclei in CHO cells in the dose range up to about 4 Gy. At higher doses perturbation of the cell cycle and the appearance of dying cells will influence the results.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Intracavernous pharmacotherapy for organic impotence in the elderly].

Vasoactive intracavernous pharmacotherapy (VIP) has become an important tool for the treatment of erectile impotence. The average age of patients treated has been only 59 years and the oldest, 79. We describe the results of VIP in the oldest group of patients described. 28 men, 65-84 years old (average 70), were treated for organic impotence with intracavernous injections of a mixture containing 25 mg/ml papaverine HCl and 0.83 mg/ml phentolamine. Treatment was started with an injection of 0.25 ml of the mixture, with increments of 0.25 ml until there was functional erection, or untip a total of 1.5 ml was injected. Full erection was obtained in 46.5%, while in 40.0% there was a mild nonfunctional erection and in 13.4% no reaction to treatment. The response to the injection was similar in the different etiologic groups. There were no complications, such as prolonged erections or adverse reactions to the drugs injected. We conclude that elderly men seek help in order to have normal sexual function. We therefore think that VIP has a definite place in the treatment of impotence of the elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Relation between renal and hepatic excretion of drugs: XIII. Pharmacokinetics of new antiarrhythmic drug Bonnecor in rats with normal and impaired excretory functions.

The clearance of 14C-Bonnecor, a weak organic cation, was measured in anaesthetized rats during 6 h after administration. The drug and its labelled metabolites are excreted both via kidney and liver. The renal excretion dominates especially following high doses. After bile duct ligation the renal excretion of Bonnecor increases significantly whereas in nephrectomized rats the biliary excretion of this substance is distinctly reduced. Plasma protein binding ratios amount to 60-70%. Renal removal of Bonnecor and the formed metabolites is in part a result of glomerular filtration. Increased urinary excretion of 14C-Bonnecor-activity under conditions of forced diuresis indicates the involvement of tubular reabsorption in renal handling of the drug and its metabolites. These in vivo results could be confirmed in experiments on renal cortical slices indicating a distinct tubular transport of the drug and its metabolites. In the kidney the aerobic accumulation of Bonnecor is very effective. Surprisingly, under anaerobic incubation conditions, uptake of Bonnecor into renal tissue remains relatively high indicating a distinct binding of Bonnecor within the tubular cells. In the liver the accumulation of Bonnecor is lower compared to the kidney. Furthermore, enterohepatic circulation of Bonnecor and its metabolites was checked. In animals with intact biliary tract, renal removal of 14C-Bonnecor-activity from the organism is significantly higher than in rats with bile duct cannulation. Reinfusion of bile increased renal excretion of 14C-Bonnecor-activity additionally. Both results indicate an effective intestinal reabsorption and enterohepatic circulation of this drug.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Abnormal chromosome complement resulting from a familial inversion of chromosome 2.

It has been suggested that pericentric inversions of chromosome 2 increase the risk for spontaneous abortion but do not increase the risk for unbalanced recombinant offspring. We report our experience of a familial pericentric inversion of chromosome 2 resulting in two unbalanced recombinant offspring. Both subjects have 46,XX,rec(2),dup q,inv(2)(p25q35).

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1989

[Erroneous diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia].

Haematological data on children with mild iron deficiency-anaemia are compared with those of patients with heterozygous beta-thalassemia. The differential diagnosis of beta-thalassemia minor may suspected on the grounds of the blood smear. Confirmation of the diagnosis is based on the MCV, HbA2 and the graphic determination of EVR50 as well as by family survey. With these simple methods beta-thalassemia minor may be diagnosed with reasonable certainty even in the absence of a special laboratory for the determination of the beta-chain deficiency of hemoglobin. The importance of the correct differential diagnosis is stressed because of the danger of unnecessary iron therapy in thalassemia.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1989

[Surgical intervention in stenoses and aneurysms of the renal artery].

Corrective vascular surgery was performed on 36 patients with renovascular hypertension and one patient with normal tension for 38 defective renal arteries, among them 58 per cent with arteriosclerosis and 35 per cent with fibromuscular dysplasia, in Jena, between 1969 and 1985. Follow-up checks were conducted six years from the operations (average) and revealed three major long-time results: Average blood pressure had declined from 211/121 mm Hg preoperatively to 152/95 mm Hg postoperatively. Renal functions were stabilised. Necessary antihypertensive medication could be reduced to 42 per cent of the preoperative values. Three revascularised kidneys had to be surgically removed in a second session. Four patients had died, the grey figure being one. Restenosation was recorded from three of 28 morphologically assessed arteries. Aneurysmal dilatation of a bridging graft was recorded in one case. Revascularisation proved necessary in another two. The point can be made that in cases of reno-arterial stenosis corrective vascular surgery has continued to be a valid therapeutic concept, adequate indication provided. It still is a real alternative to percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, nephrectomy or isolated therapeutic medication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Two genes encode related cytoplasmic elongation factors 1 alpha (EF-1 alpha) in Drosophila melanogaster with continuous and stage specific expression.

We have characterized two previously cloned genes, F1 and F2 (1) that code for elongation factor EF - 1 alpha of Drosophila melanogaster. Genomic Southern blot hybridization revealed that they are the only gene copies present. We isolated cDNA clones of both transcripts from embryonal and pupal stage of development that cover the entire transcription unit. The 5' ends of both genes have been determined by primer extension and for F1 also by RNA sequencing. These start sites have been shown to be used consistently during development. Comparison of cDNA and genomic sequences revealed that EF - 1 alpha,F1 consists of two and EF - 1 alpha,F2 of five exons. The two described elongation factor genes exhibit several regions of strong sequence conservation when compared to five recently cloned eucaryotic elongation factors.

Amino Acid Sequence↗