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S Rice

Publications and source records attributed to S Rice.

66 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

The Pennsylvania hemophilia program 1973-1978.

In Pennsylvania, the prevalence of hemophilia is one per 10,000 males. Factor VIII deficiency is five times more frequent than Factor IX deficiency, and 34% of the patients have no relatives affected with the disease. The mean age is 23 years old, and 50% of the patients are less than 20 years old. Approximately one-third of the patients with Factor VIII deficiency and one fourth of the patients with Factor IX deficiency have levels of less than 0.01 mu/ml. By clinical criteria, 55% of those with Factor VIII deficiency are severe compared to 45% of those with Factor IX deficiency. Factor VIII-deficient patients are treated an average of 18 times per year compared to ten times per year for patients with Factor IX deficiency. Hemarthroses account for 70% of the hemorrhages treated and for 40% of the concentrate usage. Home therapy patients use an average of 45,950 Factor VIII units per year at a cost of ø170 per patient and their use accounts for 60% of the total Factor VIII usage of 1.7 million units. Less than five days per patient per year are lost from school or work because of bleeding, and patients are hospitalized for bleeding an average of only two to three days per patient year. Adverse immediate reactions to therapy are infrequent. Five percent of patients have persistence of the hepatitis B virus, and 7.5% have inhibitors. The mortality rate is 0.04% per year, with half of the deaths being hemophilia-related.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Heparin pretreatment suppresses norepinephrine concentrations in dogs in endotoxic shock.

Mongrel dogs were treated intravenously with either 1000 units of beef-lung heparin per kilogram of body weight or with isotonic saline, before intravenous administration of E. coli endotoxin. We found significant differences in circulating norepinephrine concentrations between a heparin-pretreatment group (1.89 +/- 0.39 microgram/liter) and the control group (9.83 +/- 4.64 microgram/liter), but none with respect to epinephrine. Systolic blood pressures at 360 min were also significantly (P less than 0.05) different, 148 +/- 6 mmHg as compared with 118 +/- 13.4 mmHg. Evidently heparin pretreatment can decrease circulating norepinephrine concentrations in the endotoxic state and changes in circulating catecholamine concentrations can affect physiological variables.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patterns of acquisition in the emerging mental lexicon: the case of to and for in English.

A corpus analysis of 32 English-speaking children's first usages of the prepositions to and for (which have similar properties semantically and grammatically) was undertaken for the purpose of tracking intralexemic sense acquisition and lexical organization in an often neglected word class. The earliest senses used by these children do not reflect historical patterns of semantic extension. Diachronically, concrete, spatial, and semantically transparent usages emerged before more abstract, nonspatial, and opaque usages. Developmentally, frequency of use in the child's linguistic environment and co-occurrence in collocations with favored verbs or other useful expressions proved to be the major determinant of early production, suggesting that external rather than internal/cognitive factors play the major role in lexical development.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessing homeless population size through the use of emergency and transitional shelter services in 1998: results from the analysis of administrative data from nine US jurisdictions.

OBJECTIVES: This study reports findings from the first-ever systematic enumeration of homeless population size using data previously collected from administrative records of homeless services providers in nine US jurisdictions over a one year period. As such, it provides the basis for establishing an ongoing measure of the parameters of the homeless population and for tracking related trends on the use of homeless services over time. METHODS: Each participating jurisdiction collected data through its homeless services management information systems for persons and families who use emergency shelter and transitional housing. The jurisdictions organized the data by a standardized reporting format. These data form the basis for reporting homeless population size, both in raw numbers and as adjusted for each jurisdiction's overall population size, as well as the rate of turnover and average annual length of stay in emergency shelters and transitional housing. RESULTS: Individual jurisdictions had annual rates of sheltered homelessness ranging from 0.1% to 2.1% of their overall population, and 1.3% to 10.2% of their poverty population. Annual population size was 2.5 to 10.2 times greater than the point-prevalent population size. Results are broken down for adults and families. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of homelessness varies greatly among the jurisdictions included in this study, and possible factors for this diversity are discussed. Future reports of this nature will furnish similar series of homeless enumerations across a growing number of jurisdictions, thereby providing a basis for exploring the effects of different contextual factors on local prevalence rates of homelessness.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical associations of Norwalk-like virus in the stools of children.

From among 1,360 stool specimens examined during the 19-month period from March 1982 to September 1983, small round-structured viruses, morphologically indistinguishable from the Norwalk agent, were detected by electron microscopy in 42 specimens from 28 children. Diarrhoea was mild, and vomiting, although frequently observed, was not an invariable feature. Mild pyrexia occurred in three patients. Many cases occurred some time after admission to the ward; this and other features suggested a hospital-acquired infection. These cases in particular tended to have other viral infectious agents detected at the same time. Persistent diarrhoea occurred in only three cases; one with preexisting gastrointestinal pathology, and two with a combined Norwalk-like agent, astrovirus, and rotavirus infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Local administration of antibiotics with an implantable osmotic pump.

A totally implantable drug pump was evaluated as a delivery system in the treatment of osteomyelitis. Gentamicin levels in rabbit serum and bone obtained by systemic administration are compared with levels in rabbit serum and bone obtained by local administration via an implantable drug pump. Systemic administration gave mean gentamicin bone levels ranging from less than 1 microgram/gm to 3.6 micrograms/gm, while drug pump administration gave bone levels ranging from 10.8 micrograms/gm to 64.0 micrograms/gm (micrograms = microgram, or 10(-6) gram). To evaluate the drug pump as a mode of therapy, acute staphylococcal osteomyelitis was induced in ten rabbits. Drug pumps filled with amikacin were inserted in five of the infected animals. Three of these were culture-negative at one week. One had a scant growth of Staphylococcus from the pump, and one had scant growth from the pump and the wound. Clinically, none of these five rabbits appeared infected at seven days. The remaining five rabbits were all culture-positive, with heavy growths of staphylococci from their wounds, and clinically, all appeared grossly infected at seven days. These data demonstrate that high local and low systemic levels of antibiotics can be achieved with an implantable drug pump and that this method can sterilize an infected musculoskeletal wound. Therefore, antibiotic administration via an implantable drug pump is an important potential mode of therapy in the treatment of osteomyelitis.

Amikacin↗