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Biomedical subjects

S Rice

Publications and source records attributed to S Rice.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Guidelines for physician training in advanced cardiac procedures: the importance of case mix.

In recent years, guidelines have been issued for the standardization of physician training in various advanced cardiac procedures. One area that is often neglected by guidelines committees is the need for an adequate case mix during physician training. Case mix refers to the variety of patients and diseases that the trainee is exposed to during the course of learning a new procedure. Although physicians may perform the requisite number of procedures during their training, if the case mix is inadequate, the physician's competence in performing the procedure and interpreting its results may be inadequate as well.

Cardiology↗
PubMed1993

Correlates and determinants of bone mineral content and density in healthy adolescent girls.

The relationships between whole-body and lumbar spine bone mineral content and density, and measures of chronologic age, body composition, physical activity, cardiorespiratory and strength fitness, gynecologic attributes, sexual maturity, and endocrine status were studied in 35 healthy menarcheal girls (14-18 years of age). Body mass (0.464 < r < 0.704), growth hormone (-0.34 < r < -0.42), and one-repetition maximum double-leg press strength (0.343 < r < 0.467) were significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with each of the five bone mineral measures. Multiple regression analysis indicated that body mass accounted for the largest significant proportion of the explained variance (30.2-68.2%) in each of the five bone mineral measures. Age at first menses accounted for a smaller but still significant proportion of the variance in whole-body bone mineral content (4.05%) and lumbar spine bone mineral content (8.06%). Growth hormone entered the regression model as an important predictor of whole-body bone mineral content, accounting for 3.51% of the explained variance in this variable. Age, cardiorespiratory fitness, level of habitual activity, and strength did not contribute significantly to the explained variance in any of the bone mineral measures. Body mass appears to be the single most important determinant of bone mineral among females during this developmental period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Portal venous system after portosystemic shunts or endoscopic sclerotherapy: evaluation with Doppler sonography.

We sought to determine the usefulness of duplex Doppler sonography in the assessment of blood flow and clot formation in the portal vein in 44 patients with portal hypertension and bleeding esophageal varices who had undergone either endoscopic sclerotherapy (28 cases) or portosystemic shunt procedures (16 cases). The main, left, and right portal veins (collectively referred to as intrahepatic portal veins), superior mesenteric vein, splenic vein, and shunt were assessed for flow direction, presence of thrombi, and collaterals. Patent shunts were visualized in 12 (75%) of the 16 cases. Clot was detected in 27 (69%) of 39 intrahepatic portal veins in patients with end-to-side shunts, in six (67%) of nine intrahepatic portal veins in patients with distal splenorenal shunts, and in five (5%) of 92 intrahepatic portal veins in patients who had had endoscopic sclerotherapy. Flow in the main portal vein was hepatopetal in two (15%) of 13 patients with patent shunts (one end-to-side portacaval shunt and one distal splenorenal shunt). Flow in the main portal vein was hepatopetal in 26 (93%) of 28 patients who had had endoscopic sclerotherapy. Our data suggest endoscopic sclerotherapy preserves antegrade portal flow and results in fewer portal vein clots than surgical portosystemic shunts do. Patterns of thrombosis and flow direction vary unpredictably from patient to patient. Shunt patency should not be inferred without direct visualization of the shunt.

Esophageal and Gastric Varices↗
PubMed1990

Experiencing multiple loss of persons with AIDS: grief and bereavement issues.

Through a case study approach involving seven respondents and intensive personal interviews, the authors explored grief and bereavement issues for survivors experiencing multiple loss of persons with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). A three-stage model of grief including avoidance, confrontation, and reestablishment was used to explore the issues faced by survivors. The compounding factors of this phenomenon include society's unwillingness to validate the gay identity, the intensity of multiple loss, the lack of time between losses, and the subsequent impact on self-identify and self-esteem. These discussions serve to enable an understanding of the grief experience for this population. Recommendations for practice are given to facilitate the expression of feelings necessary for the healing process to begin.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Developing a model for the study of quality of life in elderly patients with chronic disease: use of hypertension as an example.

The concept of quality of life (QOL) is multidimensional and complex, especially in regard to chronic disease and old age. The purpose of this study was to explore QOL in a population of elderly patients with hypertension and to suggest a technique for model building. The specific purpose of the study was to test the viability of a model for understanding how the treatment of hypertension affects QOL. Indicators of QOL and determinants of QOL were measured in a group of patients aged 60 years or older with hypertension. Correlation coefficients confirmed the hypothesized model. The confirmed model thus can be used to study other chronic diseases and to assess the QOL effects of treatment of chronic diseases.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1989

Inpatient capillary glucose monitoring: a useful adjunct to the management of diabetes in community hospitals.

Nursing personnel in two rural hospitals were taught to measure capillary blood glucose with a reflectance meter. Reflectance meter readings correlated well with laboratory blood glucose on all hospital units (R = .977 to .944) and were clinically useful. Measurements on a designated diabetes unit showed the closest correlation to laboratory measurements (P less than or equal to .001). Capillary blood glucose measurements are a feasible alternative to urine glucose testing in community hospitals.

Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring↗
PubMed1984

A new surgical approach to fractures of the lateral tibial plateau.

We are reporting on a previously undescribed surgical approach and postoperative protocol for the treatment of fractures of the lateral tibial plateau in which there is a split pattern and depression of the articular surface. In this approach the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus is incised and detached so that the split fragment can be opened like a book. Detachment and incision of the anterior horn minimizes the need to free the lateral meniscus from its tibial attachment. The postoperative protocol includes continuous passive motion followed by non-weight-bearing in a toe-to-groin plaster cast for three months. Our preliminary results have been encouraging, and arthroscopic examination in the seven knees so studied indicated a healed fracture, restoration of the tibial articular surface, and a healed lateral meniscus.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of human rotavirus in stools.

A simple method for the detection of human rotavirus in stools is described, using a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Polysterene microtitre plates were used as solid phase. Four capture antibodies were tried, bovine, egg-derived, guinea pig and monoclonal antibody to rotavirus. Both bovine and egg-derived antirotavirus labelled with horseradish peroxidase were used as the detecting antibodies. The results obtained were compared with a commercially available ELISA, Rotazyme (Abbott Laboratories), and also with the direct detection of rotavirus by electron microscopy. Bovine antibody was found to be an unsuitable capture antibody due to non-specific false positive reactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Posterior fracture-dislocation of the distal part of the fibula. Mechanism and staging of injury.

The Bosworth fracture, a fixed posterior fracture-dislocation of the distal part of the fibula due to external rotation of the supinated foot, is a rare injury. In this report we review the literature, present two new cases, and describe our cadaver studies, showing that the initial stages of the injury are identical to those of a Maisonneuve fracture. The final stages that are unique to this fracture-dislocation are the posterior dislocation and fracture of the fibula and the fracture of the medial malleolus or rupture of the deltoid ligament. The objectives of treatment are reduction of the dislocation, repair and stabilization of the tibiofibular syndesmosis, and restoration of the ankle mortise to its anatomical position.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Clinical associations of stool astrovirus in childhood.

From among 1,248 stool specimens examined during the 2-year period, February 1979 to February 1981, astrovirus was detected by electron microscopy in 42 specimens from 28 children. Diarrhoea was an invariable clinical feature; vomiting occurred in 18 children, abdominal pain in 7, and mild dehydration in 5. Fourteen of the children with acute diarrhoea were admitted directly to the gastroenteritis unit. The other 14 children developed their acute diarrhoea sometime after hospital admission. Although the excretion of astrovirus was associated with mild gastroenteritis, the presence of other enteric pathogens in 16 of the 28 children limited the degree to which the clinical symptoms could be attributed to astrovirus alone. Transient monosaccharide intolerance lasting 1 to 2 days occurred in 18 children, and cow's milk protein intolerance requiring milk elimination for several months was a sequel in 3 children.

Child↗
PubMed1981

Mutagenicity of nitrosated cimetidines.

Dinitrosocimetidine and mononitrosocimetidine were tested in a series of short term assay systems. Both compounds were mutagenic in the absence of rat liver microsomes. The dinitrosocimetidine produced higher mutagenic or clastogenic effects at concentrations that were 50 to 500 times lower than the concentrations at which the mononitrosocimetidine produces its maximum effects. The most sensitive short term assay system was the Chinese hamster ovary cell culture system. Dinitrosocimetidine caused sister chromatid exchanges at a concentration of 10(-8) M and chromosome aberrations at 10(-7) M in this system. Dinitrosocimetidine had moderate activity in the bacterial short term assay systems. In the Ames test, strain TA 100 was the most sensitive. The compound was of lower activity in the E. coli WP-2 and the E. coli rec- systems.

Animals↗