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Biomedical subjects

S Reddy

Publications and source records attributed to S Reddy.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Adenocarcinoma corpus et colli: analysis of diagnostic variables.

Between January 1973 and December 1983, 469 patients with carcinoma of the endometrium were seen at this institution. Eighty-one patients were identified with adenocarcinoma involving both the uterine body and the cervix. Patients were divided into three groups for evaluation. Group A (n = 58) had a positive cervical biopsy or endocervical curettage, but a normal-appearing cervix at clinical examination. Group B (n = 18) had gross tumor involving the cervix which was confirmed by biopsy. Group C (n = 5) had unsuspected cervical involvement revealed at hysterectomy. Fourteen Group A patients received preoperative radiation therapy. Thirty of the 44 Group A patients (68.2%) who did not receive preoperative radiation, had no involvement of the cervix by tumor in the hysterectomy specimen. Seventy-six patients were eligible for follow-up of at least 18 months. There were 24 recurrences among these 76 patients. Recurrence was more common with advancing grade and with increasing myometrial invasion. Pelvic failures occurred with comparable frequency in both Groups A and B. Only 4 of 11 patients who were found to have extrauterine disease at surgery are still alive. In this study, we found that endocervical curettage has a significant false-positive rate, both histologic grade and volume of cervical involvement should be considered in treatment planning, primary operation should be considered in the management of selected patients with Stage II endometrial carcinoma, and extrauterine disease is a grave prognostic factor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Regulation of pp60c-src synthesis by inducible RNA complementary to c-src mRNA in polyomavirus-transformed rat cells.

To determine the potential role of pp60c-src in polyomavirus-transformed cells, we constructed a recombinant plasmid with the mouse metallothionein-I promoter upstream of a src gene in an anti-sense orientation. We cotransfected this plasmid into middle tumor antigen-transformed FR3T3 cells with a plasmid containing the neomycin resistance gene, and G418 resistant colonies were selected. Analysis of these cells for pp60c-src expression revealed that 50 of the 200 cellular clones screened were found to have decreased levels of c-src expression when compared with the parental middle tumor antigen-transformed cells. Three independent clones which transcribed the expected 3.6-kilobase src complementary RNA and had levels of pp60c-src kinase activity comparable to that of normal FR3T3 cells were further analyzed. In the presence of Cd2+, these clones grew significantly slower in monolayer cultures than either the parental transformed cells (FR18-1) or FR18-1 cells transfected with the neomycin resistance gene alone. The morphology of these clones in the presence of Cd2+ was distinct from that of either the parental FR18-1 cells or normal FR3T3 cells. The clones expressing the complementary src RNA were found to form fewer colonies in soft agar, form fewer foci on monolayers of normal rat cells, and form tumors more slowly following injection into syngenic rats when compared with parental FR18-1 cells. The results of these studies suggest that the level of pp60c-src kinase activity affects the growth characteristics and transformation properties of polyoma virus-transformed rat cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Primary chemotherapy for localized non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with diffuse histologic characteristics. Preliminary report of a prospective study.

Thirty-three patients with diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (stages I and II) received intermediate doses of oral methotrexate followed by leucovorin calcium every four weeks, on days 1 and 8, followed on day 15 by intravenous cyclophosphamide and vincristine sulfate. Prednisone was given for four weeks on alternate courses of treatment. A total of six such four-week courses was planned. Involved-field radiation (3000 or 3600 rad [30 or 36 Gy]) was given between three courses of chemotherapy to 18 patients who presented with tumors exceeding 7 cm in greatest diameter and who had responded to the initial chemotherapy. On completion of treatment, 27 patients (82%) were in complete remission; all the failures were in patients with large intra-abdominal masses. The presence of high lactate dehydrogenase levels, large tumor size, and age over 60 years had a suggestive negative correlation with the achievement of complete remission. The median follow-up was 26 months (range, ten to 59 months). At 48 months, the actuarial disease-free survival, remission duration, and overall survival were 53%, 72%, and 68% respectively. No deaths from toxic effects and no septic episodes were observed during treatment. The complete remission rate achieved with this program is comparable with those of other intensive programs of treatment reported previously.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Phase II trial of etoposide, cisplatin, continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil, and simultaneous split-course radiation therapy in stage III non-small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma.

Survival in patients with locally advanced, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is relatively short, despite treatment with surgery or radiation. A phase II study of simultaneous continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil and split-course radiation with or without surgery has shown possible improvement in median survival compared with that observed in trials of radiation alone. Past success with etoposide plus cisplatin in NSCLC has led to the addition of etoposide to the 5-fluorouracil plus cisplatin plus radiation combination. Twenty-four stage III NSCLC patients were treated with this three-drug regimen, and a 74% clinical partial remission rate was observed. Thoracotomy was done in eight of these patients; subsequent histologic examination of the resected specimen revealed no residual tumor in four patients (50%) and only microscopic foci of tumor in two patients (25%). Major toxicities were leukopenia, nausea, and vomiting. Median leukocyte nadir was 2,900/mm3. A leukocyte count less than 1,000/mm3 was observed in two of 24 patients (8%), one of whom expired from progressive pneumonia. All patients experienced nausea and vomiting, which were classified as moderate in three patients (12%) and severe in four (16%). Moderate to severe esophagitis, dermatitis, and pneumonitis were not observed. Median progression-free interval and median survival were not reached after a median follow-up of 163 days.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1985

Erythromycin-sulfisoxazole vs amoxicillin in the treatment of acute otitis media in children. A double-blind, multiple-dose comparative study.

A fixed combination of erythromycin ethylsuccinate and sulfisoxazole acetyl (erythromycin-sulfa) was compared with amoxicillin for the treatment of acute otitis media (AOM) in children. Of 145 patients studied, 76 boys and 69 girls were compliant and were evaluated for drug efficacy (72 amoxicillin, 73 erythromycin-sulfa). Based on otoscopic and tympanometric results, cure rates at ten to 14 days for AOM due to all organisms were 83% (63/72) for amoxicillin and 89% (65/73) for erythromycin-sulfa; for Haemophilus species (including mixed infections), they were 84% for amoxicillin (26/31) and 83% for erythromycin-sulfa (20/14). Cure rates for ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus were 1/1 for amoxicillin and 7/8 (88%) for erythromycin-sulfa; one patient (12%) had persistent AOM at day 10. Of the patients with AOM due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, 82% (29/35) in the amoxicillin-treated group and 98% (39/40) in the erythromycin-sulfa-treated group were cured. Patients with S pneumoniae as the initial infecting organism who were treated with amoxicillin had significantly more clinical recurrences then their erythromycin-sulfa-treated counterparts, 66% (8/12) vs 33% (3/9). There was no difference between treatment groups in recurrence rates for patients with Haemophilus as the initial infecting organism. On the treatment day indicated, the following number of patients had middle ear effusion: by days 10 to 14, 38% (27/72) amoxicillin-treated patients and 48% (35/73) erythromycin-sulfa-treated patients; by day 28, 10% (7/71) amoxicillin-treated patients and 16% (11/70) erythromycin-sulfa-treated patients. There were no significant differences in adverse reactions. The erythromycin-sulfa combination is safe and effective treatment for AOM, including ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Inhibitory effects of harvested proximal tubular fluid on Jv and delta cNa during acute saline volume expansion in the rat.

The present micropuncture experiments were carried out in male Wistar rats during isotonic saline volume expansion (VE) to explore the relative importance of peritubular physical forces and tubular factors on proximal tubular Na transport. Isotonic volume flux, measured by the shrinking drop technique was reduced from 3.53 +/- 0.09 X 10(-4) . mm3 . mm-2 . s-1 with the artificial fluid to 1.79 +/- 0.1 with harvested autologous proximal tubular fluid (HTF) (49%), but only to 2.77 +/- 0.1 (78% of control) with artificial tubular solution (AS), both during volume expansion. delta cNa was reduced from a control of 18.0 +/- 2.2 mmol . kg-1 -14.5 +/- 2.0 with AS (81%) and 10.0 +/- 2.4 with HTF (56%) during VE. Thus both isotonic volume flux as well as delta cNa were reduced to the same degree by saline VE. These results and those obtained previously with mannitol-saline VE, indicate the presence of a factor in harvested proximal tubular fluid of volume expanded rats which inhibits sodium and water transport independent of peritubular osmolarity.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Carcinoma of the nasopharynx: survival and patterns of recurrence.

We have analyzed survival, disease-free (NED) survival, and patterns of recurrence for 76 patients with carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated from June 1964 through July 1979. Patients with Stages I through IV, who were treated for cure, comprise the study group. Megavoltage teletherapy treatment was delivered to the primary bilateral neck and supraclavicular areas. Dose to the nasopharynx ranged from less than 55 Gy to 70 Gy with several patients receiving higher doses. The observed 5 year NED survival rates were: Stage I, 75%; Stage II, 20%; Stage III, 42%; and Stage IV, 31%. During a 5-year minimum follow-up for all patients, 46 or 60.5% failed. Ninety-five percent of these failures occurred within 3 years; only two patients relapsed after more than 5 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Rat trypsin: purification, radioimmunoassay and age-related serum levels in normal and spontaneously diabetic BB Wistar rats.

A convenient procedure is described for the purification of rat trypsin. Tissue was homogenized and extracted at pH 4 and the soluble fraction purified by a two-step affinity chromatography. After polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 8.8, the purified enzyme was resolved into 1 major and 2 minor bands all of which possessed trypsin-like enzyme activity. Antibodies to rat trypsin were raised in rabbits and utilized in establishing a sensitive radioimmunoassay procedure for the enzyme. The assay was adapted to study the levels of the enzyme in the circulation of normal Wistar and spontaneously diabetic Bio Breeding Wistar rats before onset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in a longitudinal fashion. In the normal rat, serum levels of immunoreactive trypsin were higher in younger animals and showed a decline after weaning. This pattern was also seen in the Bio Breeding Wistar rats. In about half the number of Bio Breeding Wistar rats, serum immunoreactive trypsin levels were much higher than in normal rats. These results may imply that in some Bio Breeding Wistar rats the disease may be associated with inflammatory lesions of the exocrine pancreas.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Remission of invasive thymoma due to chemotherapy. Two patients treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine.

Information regarding the effectiveness of chemotherapy in cases of invasive thymoma is limited. Two patients in whom the combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine produced remission of invasive thymoma are described. The durations of remission were eight and seven months, respectively. In both patients, recurrence was observed at the site of bulky disease, and a secondary complete response continuing for 37 months was achieved in one of them with radiation therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide hormone and somatostatin in the goat pancreas: demonstration by immunocytochemistry.

Insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide hormone (PP) and somatostatin immunoreactive cells were demonstrated in the islet of the goat pancreas by the immunofluorescence procedure. Islet cells showing immunostaining for the hormones appeared to have a characteristic distribution. The demonstration of PP and somatostatin within the pancreas of the goat suggests they may be significant in modulating intra- and extra-islet function in this ruminant species.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The role of radiation therapy in the palliation of metastatic genitourinary tract carcinomas. A study of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group.

The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group has conducted several randomized clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of various radiation therapy schedules in palliating symptomatic brain and bone metastases. Among the patients entered in these studies, there were 225 patients with primary tumors of the genitourinary tract. Of these, 68 patients had cerebral metastases and 157 patients had osseous metastases. These patients were analyzed further as to the effectiveness of radiotherapy in palliation of their symptoms, and the results were compared to those for comparable metastases in patients with other primary sites. Relief of symptoms occurred in 54% of neurologic function (NF) Class III and 28% of NF Class II patients with cerebral metastases. This result compared favorably with those for the total group of patients consisting of patients with brain and bone metastases from various primary sites. Improvement was seen in 80% of patients with headaches and 88% of patients with convulsions. Motor loss improved in 62% of the patients. Of the patients with bone metastases, 81% with prostatic carcinoma and 59% with renal primaries had lessening of pain. Complete relief of pain at eight weeks occurred in 36% of the patients, compared to 24% in the total group. The median survival for patients with solitary bone metastases from a prostatic primary was 39 weeks, compared to 30 weeks for those with multiple metastatic sites.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Plasma clearance and distribution of 125I-ovine placental lactogen in sheep.

The plasma clearance of 125I-ovine placental lactogen (125I-oPL) in pregnant, non-pregnant and foetal sheep followed a biphasic exponential curve. The initial half-life (t1(1/2)) of the hormone ranged from 5.7-12.7 min. The molecular identity of 125I-oPL in plasma samples was examined by gel filtration chromatography. At the end of blood sampling, the high concentrations of radioactivity in the thyroid, kidney and urine were largely non-protein-bound. A similar pattern was obtained for the low concentration of radioactivity in amniotic fluid. The maternal-foetal compartments showed negligible bi-directional transfer of radioactivity. The plasma t1(1/2) of 125I-oPL determined here provides evidence that the hormone has a short biological half-life in sheep. The virtual lack of placental passage of the hormone implies discrete mechanisms for unidirectional secretion of oPL into the two circulatory systems. Our data also suggest the importance of the kidneys in the metabolism of the hormone.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Use of total cholesterol/albumin ratio as an alternative to high density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement.

In a study of apparently healthy males, we noted a correlation between serum albumin and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (r = 0.32, p less than 0.001). We then correlated the total cholesterol:albumin ratio (TC:Alb) with the TC:HDL-C ratio (r = 0.89, p less than 0.001). We used the TC:Alb ratio to determine whether this was better than TC by itself in predicting whether an individual had a TC:HDL-C ratio of less than or greater than or equal to 5. The ratio performed better than TC and correctly classified 89% of individuals (66% with TC) (p less than 0.001). Since measurements of TC and Alb are routinely available on multichannel analysers, use of this ratio would provide a less expensive alternative to HDL-C measurement.

Adult↗