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Biomedical subjects

S Rasmussen

Publications and source records attributed to S Rasmussen.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Blood pressure, body fluid volumes and glomerular filtration rate during treatment with labetalol in essential hypertension.

1 In a single blind study seventeen patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension and normal renal function were treated with labetalol alone in increasing doses from 300 via 600 to 1200 mg daily. 2 Average supine BP (systolic/diastolic) was reduced by 24/19 mm Hg. Seven patients attained a diastolic BP less than or equal to Hg. A significant postural fall in systolic BP was recorded, but no symptomatic orthostatic hypotension occurred. 3 In twelve patients measurements of plasma volume (125I-albumin), extracellular volume (82Br-space) and glomerular filtration rate (51Cr-EDTA clearance) on placebo and subsequently labetalol showed no systemic changes. 4 Side effects were few causing two withdrawals because of impotence and arthralgia. 5 It is concluded that monotherapy with labetalol results in clinically relevant, persistent and dose dependent reduction in BP in patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension, apparently without concomitant expansion of body fluid volumes or influence on glomerular filtration rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A comparative study of atenolol and metoprolol in the treatment of hypertension.

1 In an open, randomized cross-over investigation of thirteen patients (nine and four women, aged 37-67 years) with mild or moderate essential hypertension a comparison between atenolol and metoprolol was carried out in order to study the effects of 50, 100 and 200 mg given once daily on blood pressure and heart rate at rest and during exercise. 2 Before one beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug was replaced by the other in a patient an intervening drug-free interval of sufficient length was secured to allow an increase in the blood pressure to pretreatment levels. 3 A maximal fall in blood pressure was achieve with 50 mg atenolol once daily, with no further reduction when the dose was increased to 100 mg or 200 mg. Maximal blood pressure reduction was achieved with 100 mg metoprolol daily, while the hypertensive effect of 50 mg once daily was not consistent. Significant reductions in heart rate in all test situations were observed with 50 mg atenolol, while 200 mg metoprolol 100 was necessary to reduce exercise-induced tachycardia. 4 Atenolol 50 mg and metoprolol 100 mg once daily are efficient in treating mild or moderate hypertension and doses beyond these may not reduce the blood pressure further. On the contrary lower doses than generally recommended may be effective in the individual patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Serum lithium concentrations around the clock with different treatment regimens and the diurnal variation of the renal lithium clearance.

The serum lithium concentration was determined around the clock in patients treated with conventional tablets given once daily, in the evening, and in patients treated with slow-release tablets given twice daily, in the morning and in the evening. Curve shapes differed markedly in the two groups, with much wider variation of serum concentrations in the former than in the latter. The data were used to calculate for the two patient groups the ratio of the mean serum lithium concentration over the 24-h day to the serum lithium concentration in blood samples drawn 12 h after the last intake of lithium. Around-the-clock determinations of the patients' renal lithium clearance showed about 20% lower values during the night than during the day.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1981

Prevalence of regional left ventricular dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease.

Left ventricular (LV) wall motion was evaluated prospectively by M-mode echocardiography for 503 patients, and results were compared with cinearteriographic and ECG findings. M-mode results from 92 of the patients were also compared with two-dimensional echocardiographic (2D) and LV angiographic findings. Abnormal echo motion was found by M-mode in 89 percent of patients with ECG Q waves of infarction and in 61 percent of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients without Q waves. Thirty-four percent of CAD patients had normal wall motion on M-mode examination. More abnormalities were detected when patients were examined using both M-mode and 2D, because M-mode was more sensitive in detecting anterior lesions and 2D was more sensitive in detecting posterior lesions. Both M-mode and 2D showed a low incidence of false-positive diagnosis (less than 2 percent) for patients with normal findings at cardiac catheterization.

Angiography↗
PubMed1980

Quantitation of glial fibrillary acidic protein in human brain tumours.

The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA) content of 58 human brain tumours was determined by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis, using monospecific antibody against GFA. Astrocytomas, glioblastomas, oligodendrogliomas, spongioblastomas, ependymomas and medulloblastomas contained relatively high amounts of GFA, up to 85 times the concentration in parietal grey substance of normal human brain. GFA was not found in neurinomas, meningiomas, adenomas of the hypophysis, or in a single case of metastasis of adenocarcinoma. Non-glial tumours of craniopharyngioma and haemangioblastoma were infiltrated by reactive astroglia and showed considerable amounts of GFA.

Albumins↗
PubMed1980

The antihypertensive effect of prazosin on mild to moderate hypertension, changes in plasma volume, extracellular volume and glomerular filtration rate.

Changes in blood pressure, plasma volume (PV) (125I-albumin space), extracellular volume (ECV) (82Br-space) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (51Cr-EDTA clearance) were measured in 12 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension on placebo and during long-term treatment with prazosin. During the study, BP decreased from an average of 172/107 to 166/102 mmHg (n.s.). PV increased from 3278 to 3324 ml (n.s.) and ECV from 18360 to 18639 ml (n.s.). GFR was almost unchanged, 95 and 93 ml/min, prespectively. An inverse significant correlation was found between the changes in mean BP and changes in ECV, i.e. fluid retention was demonstrated in patients with the smallest BP reduction. It is concluded that inadequate BP response during treatment with prazosin may in part be due to fluid retention. It is therefor suggested that prazosin should in principle be used together with a diuretic in order to prevent fluid retention.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Multivariate prognostic index in acute myocardial infarction for individual duration of hospitalization.

To estimate the feasibility of an early and individualized discharge of acute myocardial infarction patients, a new prognostic index was constructed from Cox's regression model for survival analysis. From the first 5 d in the coronary care unit the significant prognostic variables in the index were heart failure (definite objective signs of congestive heart failure and/or definite cardiomegaly and/or pulmonary vascular enlargement on chest x ray in upright position), cardiogenic shock, atrioventricular block, and age. From the index the individual patient's probability of survival up to day 36 after admission could be directly predicted. The more positive the index, the higher was the probability of death. The prognostic efficacy was good, with two unexpected deaths from 149 patients in the lowest risk group. With a selected mortality risk of 5% from the day of discharge until day 30 after admission, 134 patients (52%) could be discharged on day 6. To have the risk of less than or equal to 5% after discharge another 54 patients (21%) would have to stay in the hospital for 24 d. Following this system of early and individualized discharge there were few serious post-discharge complications (one cardiac arrest and one ventricular tachycardia). Reinfarctions could not be predicted. This model could save around 2000 hospitalization days per year in this hospital.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Sequential haemodynamic effects of labetalol at rest and during exercise in essential hypertension.

The haemodynamic effects of labetalol were studied in patients with essential hypertension after acute and long-term administration. In the acute study 50 mg of labetalol was given i.v. to 10 patients. Eight of them were re-examined after three to four months of oral treatment with labetalol 300 mg t.i.d. Measurements were made at supine rest, after five minutes in the upright position, and after five minutes' supine bicycle exercise at 50 and 100 watt work loads. In the acute study cardiac output was unchanged except at the work load of 100 watt when it decreased 18%. The mean blood pressure decreased under all conditions, 11.6 mm Hg at supine rest, 22.3 mm Hg in the upright position and 15.9 mm Hg and 16.9 mm Hg at the two work loads. Heart rate was unchanged at supine rest, and reduced by 10% in the other situations. Total peripheral resistance was reduced significantly at rest in the supine and upright positions, but not during exercise. Pulmonary artery pressure was unchanged. In the long-term study cardiac output was unchanged except of the heavy work load when it decreased 11%. Mean blood pressure was reduced significantly by 14.6 mm Hg at supine rest, 16.8 mm Hg in the upright position and by 13.9 mm Hg and 13.4 mm Hg, respectively, at the two work loads. Heart rate was reduced significantly in all conditions by 10-14%. Total peripheral resistance decreased significantly at rest, but not during exercise, and pulmonary artery pressure was unchanged.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1980

Blood pressure, plasma volume, extracellular volume and glomerular filtration rate during treatment with labetalol in essential hypertension.

In 17 patients with essential hypertension administration of labetalol alone resulted in a significant reduction in supine systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 14% and 17%, respectively. Seven patients attained a diastolic pressure less than equal to 95 mmHg. A significant postural fall in systolic blood pressure was recorded, but no symptomatic orthostatic hypotension occurred. Pulse rate decreased significantly by 8%. Side effects were few causing only two withdrawals. In twelve patients plasma volume (125I-albumin), extracellular volume (82Br-distribution space) and glomerular filtration rate (51Cr-EDTA clearance) were measured during a placebo period and on labetalol alone given for an average of 3 months and 3 weeks. Plasma volume and extracellular volume increased insignificantly by 5% and 4%, respectively. Glomerular filtration rate was unchanged. In conclusion, this study showed that labetalol given alone to patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension resulted in significant, persistent and clinically relevant reductions in blood pressure without concomitant fluid retention or influence on glomerular filtration rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effect of labetalol on plasma catecholamines at rest and during increased sympathetic activity.

Mean arterial blood pressure was decreased by intravenous labetalol in 14 hypertensive patients, resting in the supine position, when standing, during exercise and during psychic stress. Heart rate was unchanged during psychic stress and while resting in the supine position, whereas it fell in the other situations. Plasma noradrenaline increased in all situations after labetalol compared to control studies. Plasma adrenaline only increased when standing and during stress, and there was no correlation between changes in plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline. Blood glucose rose significantly after labetalol in the supine position, whereas it only tended to increase in the other experimental situations. The changes in plasma noradrenaline and blood glucose induced by labetalol are identical to those seen after pure alpha-adrenoceptor blockade. The beta-adrenoceptor blocking property of labetalol may contribute to the higher plasma concentration of noradrenaline when standing and during exercise as this has been found during pure beta-adrenoceptor blockade.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Multivariate long-term prognostic index from exercise ECG after acute myocardial infarction.

From a symptom-limited bicycle exercise test 3 wk after acute myocardial infarction is 205 patients the prognostic significance for the 1-yr prognosis of the following variables was examined by a multivariate analysis (Cox's model): reasons for stopping, duration of work, maximal heart rate, maximal product heart rate x systolic blood pressure, maximal ST-deviation, time to maximal ST-deviation and ventricular ectopic beats (type and frequency). The reason for stopping was fatigue in 59% and angina pectoris in 15%. 48% exercised up to 6 min and 14% beyond 12 min with median duration of 7 min. The maximal heart rate was over 140/min in 30%. ST-deviations were found in 77%; in most patients below 3 mm. 44% had ventricular ectopic beats during the exercise. The only significant variable was the duration of of work with prognostic index for the 1-yr prognosis SE: SE = 1.21-0.16 x (duration of work). A probability of survival of over 0.95 after 1 yr required a duration of work over 13 min. The observed deaths were in good accordance with the expected with a little overestimation. 75% died from a definite cardial cause. There is a good predictive value for the 1-yr prognosis of the duration of work from an exercise test 3 wk after AMI.

Aged↗