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Biomedical subjects

S Rashid

Publications and source records attributed to S Rashid.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Prevalence of rectal and pharyngeal infection in women with gonorrhoea in Sheffield.

The prevalence of gonococcal infection of the rectum and pharynx in 239 consecutive women with gonorrhoea presenting as named contacts was 47% and 10% respectively. In 2% of all patients the rectum and pharynx were each the sole sites of infection. Treatment failure occurred in three patients given a single dose of aqueous procaine penicillin 2.4 megaunits intramuscularly, two of whom had rectal infections; no treatment failures occurred in patients with pharyngeal infections. The incidence of rectal gonorrhoea significantly increased with the duration of infection (P less than 0.001). This suggests that autoinoculation from infected vaginal material is of major importance in the transmission of gonococcal infection to the rectum.

England↗
PubMed1978

Improved management in the diagnosis of gonorrhoea in women.

In this paper an evaluation is made of the endeavours to improve diagnosis in women named as contacts of gonorrhoea. The problem was approached in three ways. (a) The number of sites sampled was increased. (b) The results of microscopical examination of smears made by clinical staff were regularly evaluated. (c) Cultural examinations by the supporting laboratory were dealt with more efficiently and speedily. It is concluded that the number of tests currently used to establish or exclude a diagnosis of gonorrhoea in women can safely be reduced to two, and that the methods currently in use allow a more cost-effective management of an increasing case load.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rural and urban differences in diabetes prevalence in Tanzania: the role of obesity, physical inactivity and urban living.

A population-based survey in 1996 and 1997 of 770 adults (aged > or = 15 years) from an urban district of Dares Salaam and 928 from a village in rural Kilimanjaro district (Tanzania) revealed that the prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), overweight, obesity, and physical inactivity was higher in the urban area for men and women. The difference between urban and rural prevalence of diabetes was 3.8 [1x1-6.5]% for men and 2x9 [0x8-4.9]% for women. For IFG, the difference was 2x8 [0x3-5x3]% for men and 3x9 [1x4-6x4]% for women; for overweight and obesity, the difference was 21.5 [15.8-27.1]% and 6.2 [3x5-8.9]% for men and 17x4 [11.5-23.3]% and 12.7 [8x5-16x8]% for women, respectively. The difference in prevalence of physical inactivity was 12x5 [7.0-18.3]% for men and 37.6 [31x9-43.3]% for women. For men with diabetes, the odds for being overweight, obese and having a large waist:hip ratio were 14.1, 5.3 and 12.5, respectively; for women the corresponding values were 9x0, 10x5 and 2x4 (the last not significant) with an attributable fraction for overweight between 64% and 69%. We conclude that diabetes prevalence is higher in the urban Tanzanian community and that this can be explained by differences in the prevalence of overweight. The avoidance of obesity in the adult population is likely to prevent increases in diabetes incidence in this population.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Synthesis of new d-propoxyphene derivatives and the development of a microparticle-based immunoassay for the detection of propoxyphene and norpropoxyphene.

The synthesis of [S-(R,S)]-4-[[methyl[2-methyl-3-(1-oxopropoxy)-3, 4-diphenylbutyl]amino]-1-oxobutoxy]-2,5-pyrrolidinedione+ ++ (propoxyphene active ester, 2) is described. This was used as an intermediate to prepare a propoxyphene immunogen, [S-(R,S)]-4-[methyl][2-methyl-3-(1-oxopropoxy)-3,4-diphenylbuty l]-amino]- 1-oxobutyl-Bovine Thyroglobulin (3). This immunogen was then used to generate antibodies which demonstrate good cross-reactivity to d-propoxyphene, d-norpropoxyphene, and other propoxyphene metabolites. In addition, these antibodies were shown to have very low cross-reactivity to methadone, a structurally related compound. The introduction of an aminomethyl benzoate spacer into the propoxyphene active ester (2), followed by the activation of the carboxylic acid, provided for a more stable active ester (5). This stable active ester, together with the antibodies generated from the propoxyphene immunogen, has led to the development of an immunoassay based on the Kinetic Interaction of Microparticles in Solution (KIMS).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mantle cell lymphoma presenting as solitary polypoid colonic lesions.

Mantle cell lymphoma of the intestine is rare, usually presenting as multiple small polyps. We report three men with colonic mantle cell lymphoma in the form of single large polypoid mass. The clinical picture suggested adenocarcinoma; the diagnosis was made at histology and immunohistochemistry of the colectomy specimens.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Residents' perceptions of work environment during their postgraduate medical training in Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: In Pakistan, there is a lack of information about the work environment of residency programs. This lack is a major impediment in their improvement. One of the approaches for improvement in these programs can be directed through the residents' own perception of their working conditions. Therefore, we collected data which would reflect working conditions of residents. AIM: To assess the perceived status of "work environment" in different specialities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in four teaching hospitals of Karachi from July 1999 to January 2000. Residents from selected programs were grouped into four broad groups: specialist, medical, surgical and multidisciplinary. Responses of residents were obtained on a Likert scale of 0 to 4. Indices were formed for two components of work environment: academic and mistreatment. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Differences between residents' groups were assessed through analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% significance. RESULTS: A total of 341 registered residents responded (response rate: 75%). Surgical residents were working more than 80 h/week and this was more than the other three groups. Medical residents were spending the highest actual time on research and teaching activities (10% and 14%, respectively). Academic index score was highest for surgical group (15.81, SD = 4.69) and lowest for multidisciplinary group (11.82, SD = 4.80). Medical group had the highest perceived mistreatment index score (5.56, SD = 4.57). CONCLUSIONS: In a study of work environment of residency programs, differential impact was found for the four groups on work environment perceptions. Most of the residents recognized undergraduate teaching, grand rounds, patient rounds and seminars or workshops as contributing to their academic learning. Reporting of sexual harassment was low, indicating either underreporting or cultural dynamics of our setting.

Adult↗