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Biomedical subjects

S Rahman

Publications and source records attributed to S Rahman.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Health situation of slum dwellers of metropolitan area of Dhaka.

The study interviewed three hundred women, mostly the wives of the head of the household of urban slums. The study women were selected on random sampling basis. The knowledge of study women on preventive MCH care was good (39.7%) and about 21.7%, contacted some trained persons for advice on matters related to pregnancy and treatment of sickness. Almost all the deliveries were conducted at home by relations or neighbours (80.1%). Disease prevalence rate at the time of interview was 253/1000 population. Common diseases reported were fever 31.6%, intestinal problems 26.3%, measles 11.8%, skin diseases 7. 9%, chronic respiratory infection 9.2% and the rests were "others". About one third of the sick persons did not have any treatment. On the average 3.9 persons lived in one room of 2.4 x 4 metres. Source of water supply for drinking and other purposes was mostly municipal taps in a public place. Environmental sanitation for the area was poor.

Bangladesh↗
PubMed1989

Stability of galactose in aqueous solutions.

The stability of 5%-30% w/v galactose in sterile water for injection and acetate and phosphate buffers was studied. The concentration of galactose was determined after each sample was diluted to a nominal concentration of 0.5% (w/v); for purposes of data analysis, the concentration as measured in the diluted sample was multiplied by a dilution factor to obtain the true concentration in the sample. The concentrations were determined from the regression line obtained by plotting the peak-height ratios (for various concentrations of galactose and the internal standard cellobiose) versus the galactose concentrations. Triplicate samples were quantitatively analyzed for galactose content by high-performance liquid chromatography. The stability of the samples was then studied in relation to buffer concentration; pH; storage at 25, 45, and 65 degrees C for six weeks, and autoclaving at 121 degrees C for 30 minutes. Galactose degradation increased in relation to its concentration, increasing temperature, and buffer concentration. Galactose solutions in water and phosphate incurred less than 5% degradation on autoclaving; however, the 30% solutions in acetate buffers lost up to 21% of initial content. Yellow discoloration of solutions was associated with autoclaving and prolonged exposure at 65 degrees C and appeared in some solutions that did not exceed the USP XXI limit of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and related compounds in dextrose injection. The estimated room temperature shelf-life of galactose in sterile water for injection sterilized by 0.45-micron-porosity membrane filtration is four and one-half months. Solutions may also be sterilized by autoclaving at 121 degrees C for 30 minutes; galactose solutions containing pH buffers should not be sterilized by autoclaving.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1988

Single- vs double-lumen central venous catheters in pediatric oncology patients.

Double-lumen central venous catheters (CVCs) have been introduced recently for use in pediatric patients. The objective of our study was to determine if double-lumen CVC usage increased the possibility of infectious and mechanical complications compared with that of traditional single-lumen CVCs in a population at high risk for infection (oncology patients). Thirty pediatric patients (2.5 +/- 3.0 years old; mean +/- SD) who received single-lumen CVCs were compared with 31 patients (5.9 +/- 4.7 years old) who received double-lumen CVCs. The incidence of infectious complications was compared while controlling for potential confounding variables. Fifty-seven percent (17/30) of patients in the single-lumen group experienced bacteremia or cellulitis that required removal of six catheters compared with a rate of 52% (16/31) and nine catheter removals in the double-lumen group. Fewer manipulations occurred in the single-lumen group compared with the double-lumen group, but the incidence of mechanical complications tended to be greater. When managed carefully, double-lumen CVCs were not associated with a greater risk of infection than single-lumen CVCs.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1988

Diabetes, hyperinsulinaemia, and coronary risk factors in Bangladeshis in east London.

Immigrants from the Indian subcontinent (South Asians) in England and Wales have higher morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease than the general population; this seems to apply to both Hindus and Muslims. Studies in north west London and Trinidad found that the increased risk of coronary heart disease in Indians was not explained by dietary fat intakes, smoking, blood pressure, or plasma lipids. In the present study the distribution of coronary risk factors was measured in an East London borough where the mortality and attack rate from coronary heart disease are higher in the Asian population, predominantly Muslims from Bangladesh, than in the rest of the population. In a sample of 253 men and women aged 35-69 from general practice, mean plasma cholesterol concentrations were lower in Bangladeshi than in European men and women. Mean systolic blood pressures were 10 mm Hg lower in Bangladeshis. Plasma fibrinogen concentrations were similar in Bangladeshis and Europeans and factor VII coagulant activity was lower in Bangladeshi than in European men. In contrast with the findings in Hindus in north west London, smoking rates were high in Bangladeshi men and the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids in plasma lipids was lower in Bangladeshis than in Europeans. Diabetes was three times more common in Bangladeshis than in Europeans and serum insulin concentrations measured after a glucose load were twice as high in Bangladeshis. High insulin concentrations in Bangladeshis were associated with high plasma triglyceride and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Insulin resistance, leading to diabetes, hyperinsulinaemia, and secondary lipoprotein disturbances, is a possible mechanism for the high rates of coronary heart disease in South Asians in Britain and overseas.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Germin. Molecular cloning of cDNA that selects germin mRNA from bulk wheat mRNA.

(1) Bulk mRNA from germinated wheat embryos was denatured with methylmercury and subjected to electrophoresis in agarose gel to obtain a fraction of mRNA that was modestly enriched with respect to its complement of translatable germin mRNA. This fraction of mRNA was used as a source of primary templates for preparing a cDNA library. (2) Escherichia coli JM101 was transfected with recombinant pUC8 plasmids containing cDNA inserts. Colonies of transformed bacteria (ca. 4 x 10(3)) were differentially screened by hybridizing them with cDNA probes that were prepared from RNA populations containing different proportions of translatable germin mRNA. (3) A 160 base pair (bp) cDNA, which hybridized more strongly to the probe made from the RNA population containing the greater proportion of translatable germin mRNA in colony hybridizations, also hybridized more strongly to the RNA population containing the greater proportion of translatable germin mRNA when it was used as a probe for Northern analysis. (4) As judged by peptide mapping of a protein made by cell-free translation, the 160-bp cDNA selected virtually pure germin mRNA from the bulk mRNA of germinated wheat embryos when it was used in "hybrid release" experiments. The same 160-bp cDNA was used to select a "full length" germin cDNA from a library prepared by the Gubler-Hoffman method.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMed1988

[The effect of aprotinin on intra- and postoperative histamine release and hemostasis. A clinical study].

Histamine, a biogenic amine normally stored in basophilic granulocytes and tissue mast cells, can be liberated in pathological concentrations during inflammation, tissue damage, and hypoxemic cell injury. After the addition of aprotinin to banked blood, complete inhibition of histamine liberation from stored blood cells could be observed. In the present clinical trial, in which 40 consecutive patients underwent hysterectomy, a similar effect was achieved. Following administration of 2, 3.5, and 5 million KIU of aprotinin, the intraoperative increase of histamine concentration from 0.3 to up to 1.28 ng/ml could be almost completely inhibited. In addition, the aprotinin-treated patients showed higher numbers of intact thrombocytes and less disturbance of the clotting, fibrinolytic, and inhibitor systems compared to the control patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A combined technique of local thrombolysis and regional neural blockade in severe venous occlusions.

Four patients with venous occlusions were treated with a combined technique including thrombolysis and regional sympathetic blockade. The thrombolytic therapy was achieved with streptokinase and/or urokinase infusion via venous catheter located distal to the obliteration in flow direction. The dose of the thrombolytic agents ranged between 40,000 and 200,000 U/h and lasted for a period of 3 days to 6 weeks. Subsequent anticoagulation using systemic low dose heparin was conducted for a further 2 weeks. Initial sympathetic blockade with concomitant analgesia and vasodilatation was accomplished by bupivacain either at the stellate ganglion or epidurally depending on the thrombus location. The circulation and function of the affected extremities were restored after lysis and no amputation was necessary. The described procedure seems to offer promising possibility in the treatment of severe venous thromboses in high-risk patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Determination of lead and cadmium in milk by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

The concentration of lead and cadmium in different kinds of milk samples (powdered, infant formula, market, buffalo, condensed and human) were determined using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometric technique. Among all the varieties of milk analysed, condensed milk was found to contain much higher amount of lead. Human milk as expected was found to have lowest concentration of these elements. The results were compared with the reported values of other countries. Daily intake of these toxic elements by adults and babies up to the age of six months through the consumption of various types of milk was estimated and compared with the tolerance levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effect of charcoal and sorbitol-charcoal suspension on the elimination of intravenous phenobarbital.

The effects of two different oral charcoal suspensions on the elimination of a 200 mg/70 kg, 1 h intravenous (i.v.) infusion of phenobarbital and the tolerances of the two regimens were determined in a randomized crossover study in six healthy male volunteers. Phenobarbital was given i.v. alone or together with 105 g of oral activated charcoal suspension or with 105 g of a commercially available sorbitol-charcoal suspension over a 36-h period. A 13-34% decrease in the area under the serum concentration time curve (AUC) for 0-60 h occurred with the administration of the activated charcoal, and a 19-52% decrease occurred with the commercial sorbitol-charcoal regimen. The mean apparent systemic clearance of total phenobarbital increased from 0.089 +/- 0.019 ml/min/kg to 0.141 +/- 0.029 and 0.146 +/- 0.036 ml/min/kg with the charcoal and sorbitol-charcoal treatments, respectively. No significant change in the fraction of phenobarbital bound to protein was detected. The charcoal regimen caused constipation in one subject. All subjects taking the sorbitol-charcoal preparation experienced diarrhea; there were no changes in electrolytes with either charcoal suspension. All subjects preferred the sorbitol-charcoal preparation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A totally implanted venous access system used in pediatric patients with cancer.

A safe and effective method of venous access is important in the care and treatment of patients with malignancies. A recently available totally implantable venous access system offers advantages over traditional central vein catheters (Broviac and Hickman, Houston). We report our experience with the implanted venous access system used in 31 pediatric patients with malignancies. The mean age of the patients was 7 years (range, 6 months to 17 years), and the mean indwelling time of the catheters was 232 days (range, 14 to 607 days; total patient days, 7,198). The catheters were used to administer chemotherapy, drugs, blood products, and parenteral nutrition, as well as to draw blood. Clotting occurred in the catheters on four occasions, requiring removal of two catheters. Fever occurred in eight patients; one developed a local infection at the site of implantation and four developed bacteremia. Our use of the implanted venous access system in children resulted in a lower rate of infection compared with that when the traditional Broviac and Hickman catheters were used, and simplified patient management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Protein deficiency in premature infants receiving parenteral nutrition.

A classical finding of protein deficiency is hair depigmentation, or the flag sign. To determine the clinical conditions that predispose ill premature infants to the development of protein deficiency, we compared the clinical courses and nutritional histories of premature infants receiving parenteral nutrition who developed the flag sign (group F), with those of a matched control group (Group C). Occurrences of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and consequent surgery were significantly higher in group F than in group C (p less than 0.002 and p less than 0.005, respectively). No differences were found in the mean (+/- SD) administration of amino acids (group F, 2.5 +/- 0.2 g X kg X day vs group C, 2.4 +/- 0.4) and total energy (83.4 +/- 13.4 kcal X kg X day vs 83.6 +/- 11.1, respectively). Mean serum albumin levels (2.6 +/- 0.4 g/dL vs 2.6 +/- 0.5, respectively) also were similar. Because infants in both groups received recommended amounts of protein, results suggest that infants who have NEC, and surgery as a consequence of NEC, require more protein than is presently recommended.

Enteral Nutrition↗