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Biomedical subjects

S Rahman

Publications and source records attributed to S Rahman.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Use of oral typhoid vaccine strain Ty21a in a New York state travel immunization facility.

One hundred fifty-seven travelers who received the new oral typhoid vaccine strain Ty21a between April 1990 and February 1992 were surveyed by questionnaire to assess compliance and toxicity. The four-dose vaccine should be taken every other day before meals, and kept refrigerated between doses. Noncompliance with one or more of these instructions was seen in approximately 30% of travelers. Thirty-four (21.6%) took one or more doses after meals, 13 (8.3%) did not take all four doses, 10 (6.4%) failed to take the dose every other day, and five (3.2%) did not keep the vaccine refrigerated. The vaccine was well-tolerated and only 14 (8.9%) had one or more minor side effects. Of 59 (38%) who had received injectable typhoid vaccine previously, all preferred oral versus injectable vaccine, and reported moderate-to-severe side effects with the injectable form. Until a single-dose, oral typhoid vaccine is available, Ty21a is an attractive option. To achieve maximum efficacy, the importance of compliance should be emphasized.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Electron microscopic study of phages and aberrant structures produced by induction of prophage kappa in Vibrio cholerae el tor cells.

Prophage kappa in V. cholerae el tor strain SLH22(J) could be induced spontaneously or by treatment with nitrofurantoin, though the efficiency of induction was very low (not more than 0.8%). V. cholerae el tor cells were found to release many different aberrant structures of the temperate phage, kappa. These aberrant structures were characterized by density gradient centrifugation and electron microscopy.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed1992

Bradykinin stimulates the production of prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-6 in human osteoblast-like cells.

The effect of bradykinin (BK) on proteinase activity, prostaglandin synthesis, and the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was investigated in cultures of human osteoblast-like cells. Bradykinin had no effect on stromelysin activity and plasminogen activator activity produced by human osteoblast-like cells. However, BK stimulated the production of prostaglandin E2, an effect that was markedly enhanced by pre-incubation with recombinant interleukin-1 alpha (rhIL-1 alpha), but was apparently unaffected by BK receptor antagonists types 1 and 2. Bradykinin stimulated the intracellular accumulation of total inositol phosphates suggesting that its effects were mediated by stimulation of phosphoinositide metabolism. Bradykinin within the dose range of 10(-11)-10(-5) M also significantly stimulated the production of IL-6. Bradykinin may, therefore, mediate a variety of responses in bone under both physiological and pathological conditions.

Bradykinin↗
PubMed1992

The regulation of connective tissue metabolism by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide.

Immunohistochemical studies have confirmed the innervation of bone with neuropeptidergic neurons containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). In this study, we report effects of VIP on connective tissue cell metabolism. VIP stimulated PGE2 production in human articular chondrocytes, human osteoblast-like cells and human synovial cells, however, stromelysin production was unaffected. VIP also stimulated cAMP production in human osteoblast-like cells, but not in human articular chondrocytes or synovial cells. These findings are suggestive of a role of VIP in connective tissue cell metabolism which may contribute to the inflammatory processes of arthritis.

Cartilage, Articular↗
PubMed1992

A case of bacteremia due to resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates with varying degrees of resistance to penicillin have been described. Strains that are highly resistant to penicillin (MIC, greater than 1 microgram/mL) and that are resistant to multiple antibiotics have been reported primarily in South Africa and Spain. We report a case of an adult patient with bacteremia due to S. pneumoniae that was highly resistant to penicillin (MIC, 4 micrograms/mL) and resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and co-trimoxazole who was successfully treated with vancomycin.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1992

Disease profile in respect of health services of Upazila health complex.

This study was carried out to identify the disease profile in relation to medical services at upazila health complex. Thirty different types of diseases were identified. Diarrhoeal diseases were found to be highest (53%), the second highest was intestinal worms (44%). About ninety seven percent patient attended the OPD and only 2% were attended in the emergency Department. On average 172 patients were admitted per month and the highest of admission was found in the months of September and October. The average length of stay in the hospital was 11.6 days. Among the patients admitted 55% were male, and 45 were female. 5% pregnant mothers attended in U.H.C. for antenatal checkup and 2% mother were admitted into the hospital after delivery. Metronidazole was the drug of highest consumption followed by B-Complex and Penicillin.

Bangladesh↗
PubMed1991

Topography of connexin32 in rat liver gap junctions. Evidence for an intramolecular disulphide linkage connecting the two extracellular peptide loops.

A range of anti-peptide antibodies directed towards selected amino acid sequences of connexin32 was prepared and characterised. The site-directed antibodies that identified connexin32 were used to study by immunolocalization and by proteolytic treatment of intact and split gap junctions the arrangement of the protein in the membrane. These studies reinforce models of connexin topography in which the polypeptide traverses the junctional membrane four times, with the amino and carboxyl termini cytoplasmically located. The four transmembrane domains were shown to be linked by two extracellular loops with a single intracellular loop connecting the second and third transmembrane domains. Evidence is presented to show that the two extracellular domains of connexin32, which are important for intercellular adhesion and the insulated bridging of the extracellular space by channels allowing cell-cell communication across the gap junction, are connected by disulphide bond(s). The studies lead to a more detailed two-dimensional model of connexin32 in the membrane, incorporating the favoured theoretical arrangement of disulphide bonds at the extracellular domain of connexin32.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Diagnostic immunohistochemistry: current applications and future directions.

In this review, the applications of enzyme immunohistochemistry in diagnostic pathology are discussed. Antibodies for diagnostic use are grouped into eight categories, viz, antibodies for tumour typing, for lymphocyte antigens, to hormones, peptides, amines and hormone receptors, to oncofetal antigens, to oncogenes and their products, to cell proliferation antigens, to infectious agents and for the study of glomerular diseases. The practical applications of these antibodies are reviewed with particular emphasis on the use of antibody panels for the identification of anaplastic round cell tumour in adults and children and of spindle cell neoplasms. Future directions for immunohistochemical techniques include their interphase with molecular biology and their applications in immunoelectron microscopy, in in-situ hybridisation procedures, in automation of routine staining and in image analyses.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1991

Self care in health.

The study "self care" was conducted in two Unions of one Upazila to assess prevalence, component and outcome of popular "self care" and their decision making process. Head of the family (500) and wives of the head of the family (500) were interviewed on alternate basis by trained interviewers on structured pretested questionnaire. Self care for remedial measure was universally practiced. Initial step related to treatment of diseases were "wait and see" (71.8%), "Self care" (18.4%), "Doctor/Homeopath" (9.8%). Self care was practiced by majority of the people in all other components. Those who reported "wait and see" as their first choice to deal with disease, about 79% waited for one day, 21% for two days. Education and income was found significant with practice of self care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Antibody persistence in Gambian children after high-dose Edmonston-Zagreb measles vaccine.

Measles antibody concentrations in Gambian children immunised at 4 months of age with a high-dose Edmonston-Zagreb (EZ) measles vaccine or at 9 months with conventional Schwarz vaccine were measured 5 months after vaccination, and at 18 and 36 months of age. Schwarz vaccinees produced, on average, a 2.4-fold higher concentration of measles haemagglutinin inhibiting (HAI) antibody than EZ vaccinees, but at 36 months of age 82 of 93 (88%) EZ vaccinees and 83 of 87 (95%) Schwarz vaccinees had measles plaque-neutralising antibody concentrations above the assumed protective level of 200 mIU/ml (p greater than 0.1). HAI antibody concentrations 5 months after vaccination were inversely related to the presence of maternal antibody at vaccination, but above protective levels; at 18 and 36 months of age there was no relation to antibody concentration at vaccination, and decay of HAI antibody between 18 and 36 months of age was similar for EZ and Schwarz vaccinees.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Polypeptide structure of germin as deduced from cDNA sequencing.

Synthesis of a relatively rare glycoprotein (germin) signals the onset of growth in germinating wheat embryos. Germin mRNA (1075 nucleotide residues) has an 85-residue 5'-untranslated sequence, a 69-residue sequence that can encode a 23-residue signal-peptide sequence, a 603-residue sequence that can encode a 201-residue mature-protein sequence, and a 318-residue 3'-untranslated sequence that begins with a UAA-terminator codon, ends with a 63-residue polyadenylate tract, and has three polyadenylation (and other, related) signals (AAUAAN etc.). One polyadenylation signal is just 9 nucleotides from the polyadenylation site, the shortest stretch of nucleotides yet found between polyadenylation signal and site in any animal or plant mRNA. The mature-protein coding sequence in germin mRNA contains an unusually high proportion (87%) of G + C in the third positions of its codons. The amino acid sequence of germin does not have extensive internal homologies or repetitions, and it is not characterized by regions of unusually high charge density, as is nucleoplasmin, another water-soluble homopentameric protein with otherwise closely related structural properties. Germin does, however, contain a stretch of 34 uncharged amino acid residues and these may possibly mediate its homopentameric structure and its remarkable resistance to enzymic proteolysis. In view of a possible association of germin with cellular membranes, the most interesting relatedness of the germin sequence to the sequences of other proteins is an 80% homology between a decapeptide sequence in mature germin and a decapeptide sequence in Escherichia coli glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase. The relation of germin-gene structure to overall gene regulation during early plant growth is discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Reproductive health of adolescents in Bangladesh.

The health and social effects of pregnancy in married women 13-23 years of age were studied among a population of 175,000 in rural Bangladesh. Data collected by a structured questionnaire identified pregnant women who were followed twice during pregnancy and twice postpartum. Maternal mortality for the 13-17 age group was 5.8/1000 compared to 1.8/1000 for the 18-23 year olds. Major causes of death in the younger group were obstructed labor and toxemia. The neonatal death rate was 80/1000 for the younger group and 43/1000 for the older group. The major cause of death of infants born to the younger mothers was birth injury. In infants born to older mothers, it was tetanus. Perinatal death rate was 66.4/1000. All deliveries occurred at home, and 89% of births were attended by relatives, neighbors or an untrained birth attendant. Only 13% of the women had ever used contraceptives. Use varied from 2.9% at 16 years to 24.7% at 23 years. Suggestions are made for improving maternal and child health care in rural Bangladesh.

Adolescent↗