Necrotizing scleritis secondary to conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Biomedical subjects
S R Seiff
Publications and source records attributed to S R Seiff.
A model for the mechanism of optic nerve sheath fenestration.
The mechanism by which optic nerve sheath fenestration relieves papilledema associated with increased intracranial pressure has not been clearly defined. A model was constructed to determine if the induction of fluid flow along the nerve sheath and through the fenestration could account for a reduction in pressure around the optic nerve, as might be expected according to Bernoulli's equation of fluid dynamics. The model states that as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure it exerts decreases. The model simulated fluid spaces corresponding to the intracranial vault, chiasm, and optic nerves. The unfenestrated model showed direct transmission of elevated intracranial pressure to the nerves, consistent with the production of papilledema. When one nerve was fenestrated, fluid flow along the nerve was initiated and pressure in that nerve sheath dropped substantially. In addition, pressure in the unfenestrated sheath dropped due to fluid communication across the chiasm. These lower intrasheath pressures were consistent with the bilateral resolution of papilledema after unilateral fenestration. The reduced intrasheath pressures persisted even when the intracranial pressure was again elevated to pathologic levels as long as active fluid flow continued along the nerve sheaths. Thus, induction of cerebrospinal fluid flow along the optic nerve sheath by fenestration appears to locally reduce the pressure around the optic nerve, in spite of persistently elevated intracranial pressure. This is in accordance with what would be predicted by Bernoulli's equation.
Cerebrospinal Fluid↗
Congenital ptosis in monozygotic twins.
A case of concordance for unilateral congenital ptosis in monozygotic twins is presented. The literature on genetics and congenital ptosis is reviewed. A heritability index is calculated for congenital ptosis, based on all current twin data including the present report. A value for the heritability index of 0.75 is found, suggesting a strong hereditary influence for congenital ptosis. We conclude that twin data strongly support a transmissable genetic defect as contributing to the development of congenital ptosis.
Adult↗
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus--the changing epidemiology and its implications for treatment.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
HIV Infections↗
High dose corticosteroids for treatment of vision loss due to indirect injury to the optic nerve.
Thirty-six patients with vision loss due to indirect injury to the optic nerve were retrospectively studied. Twenty-one had been acutely treated with high-dose intravenous dexamethasone and 15 had not. The visual acuity of 62% of the treated patients and of 33% of the untreated patients improved. This difference was not statistically significant. However, of those patients whose vision did improve, the vision of those on steroids began to improve earlier (P less than .05).
Adolescent↗
Pretarsal fixation of gold weights in facial nerve palsy.
Implantation of a gold weight in the pretarsal space was performed on 17 patients with poor eyelid closure secondary to facial nerve weakness. Successful results were obtained in 14 (82%) of 17 patients. Postmortem histopathology of such a case demonstrated firm fibrous encapsulation of the weight. Although some authors advocate fixation of lid weights to the orbital septum, fixation in the pretarsal space is preferred for the following reasons: (a) "cheesewiring" is less likely to occur, (b) a limited levator recession may be more easily performed, (c) greater mechanical benefits are obtained, and (d) the potential for inferior migration is less.
Adult↗
Ptosis surgery in the Asian eyelid.
There are many characteristic features of the Asian eyelid that differ significantly from those of the Occidental. The most noticeable of these are fullness of the upper eyelid and a low or absent upper lid crease. The patient may desire the preservation of these distinctive features during ptosis surgery. The surgical techniques of ptosis repair and the preservation of the typical Asian eyelid features during ptosis repair have not previously been described in the literature. This study describes the histologic differences between the Asian and Occidental upper eyelid, and the application of this anatomic knowledge to surgical techniques of ptosis repair with special emphasis on the preservation of the Asian eyelid features.
Adipose Tissue↗
Histopathological evaluation of rotation sutures for involutional entropion.
Rotation sutures are a popular method of temporarily correcting involutional entropion. The permanence of the procedure depends on a fibrotic scar along the suture tracks. Sutures which create generous scars would probably produce the most satisfactory results. In this study 4-0 chromic gut, nylon, and silk sutures were evaluated in rabbit lower eyelids for their ability to create histologically demonstrable fibrous tracks. All three sutures incited inflammatory cells and fibroblastic activity with collagen formation at two and four weeks. Residual scar tracks were observed at six weeks (two weeks after suture removal) also. Human specimens showed similar types of scar formation from the sutures. It was apparent that all three sutures create fibrotic scars along their tracks sufficient to correct, at least temporarily, involutional entropion.
Animals↗
Locating cut medial canaliculi by direct injection of sodium hyaluronate into the lacrimal sac.
Locating the cut medial ends of canaliculi after trauma or surgery can be difficult. In cases of double canalicular or common canalicular lacerations, injection of sodium hyaluronate (Healon) directly into the lacrimal sac may help pinpoint the medial openings.
Adult↗
Cyanoacrylate fixed silicone sheet in medial blowout fracture repair.
Indications for medial blowout fracture repair may include persistent diplopia due to entrapped orbital contents or enophthalmos. In such cases a barrier must be placed along the medial orbital wall to prevent recurrence of entrapment and to minimize enophthalmos. Firm fixation of these barriers may be technically difficult. In seven patients silicone sheets were fixed in place along the medial orbital wall with butyl-2-cyanoacrylate cement. These patients have done well postoperatively with a mean time since surgery of 21 months.
Adult↗
The effect of omitting botulinum toxin from the lower eyelid in blepharospasm treatment.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Blepharospasm↗
Nasolacrimal drainage system obstruction after orbital decompression.
We reviewed 123 cases of orbital decompression in 63 patients with dysthyroid ophthalmopathy. Of 90 cases of transantral ethmoidal orbital decompression, 14 (16%) resulted in epiphora. The tearing began between 11 and 18 months after surgery. All patients had obstruction distal to the common internal punctum. The delayed onset suggested progressive cicatricial obstruction of the nasolacrimal drainage system. Damage to adjacent tissues probably caused scarring to extend into the system.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea↗
Use of intravenous acyclovir for treatment of herpes zoster ophthalmicus in patients at risk for AIDS.
Patients who are homosexual, intravenous drug abusers, or have received multiple blood transfusions are at greater risk to contract the immunosuppressive disorders of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex (ARC). These persons also have a greater chance of developing serious neurologic complications after an episode of Herpes zoster. We present two cases which emphasize the serious complications of Herpes zoster ophthalmicus in such patients. Since systemically administered acyclovir may shorten the disease course and reduce the complications of Herpes zoster in immunocompromised individuals, the authors favor treatment of all such patients who have Herpes zoster ophthalmicus with a seven-day course of high-dose (30 mg/kg/day) intravenous acyclovir. To minimize serious neurologic complications in such patients, treatment should be instituted immediately before the results of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing are known.
AIDS-Related Complex↗
Cyanoacrylate-fixed silicone sleds in the orbit. An animal model.
Subperiosteal wedge-shaped sleds of various materials have been used in treating the enophthalmic anophthalmic socket and in correcting the enophthalmic seeing eye. Posterior fixation of the sled may be difficult, as the sled tends to migrate anteriorly. Tissue adhesives were studied as a fixation method for silicone sleds in rabbit orbits. Gross examination revealed that the sleds were secured in position until well encapsulated. Butyl 2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl Blue) induced minimal inflammation, while ethyl cyanoacrylate (Crazy Glue) caused a giant-cell response.
Animals↗
Orbital optic glioma in neurofibromatosis. Magnetic resonance diagnosis of perineural arachnoidal gliomatosis.
In a patient with neurofibromatosis and orbital optic glioma, T2-weighted axial magnetic resonance images showed a fusiform area of high signal intensity with a central linear core of lower signal intensity. Computed tomographic images did not show a corresponding variation in tumor density. Histopathologic examination of the tumor revealed dense, circumferential, perineural glial proliferation. This "arachnoidal gliomatosis" is a feature of orbital optic gliomas in neurofibromatosis and, in our magnetic resonance scans, accurately corresponded with the region of high signal intensity within the tumor.
Arachnoid↗
Ophthalmic complications of water sports.
Those who participate in aquatic sports are at risk for some special ocular problems. These have been outlined here and include optical problems and refractive errors, pressure related disease, ocular trauma, infections and irritations, toxins, and complications of exposure to sun and wind. Awareness of these disorders may allow better management and prevention.
Eye Diseases↗
The four stages of surgical rehabilitation of the patient with dysthyroid ophthalmopathy.
A logical and comprehensive program for the total ophthalmic rehabilitation of the dysthyroid patient is described. Surgical rehabilitation is always considered in four stages: orbital decompression, extraocular muscle surgery, eyelid margin repositioning, and blepharoplasty. Each stage must be considered in order. By observance of this protocol, repeat surgical procedures can be minimized.
Adult↗