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Biomedical subjects

S Price

Publications and source records attributed to S Price.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Indomethacin, but not dazoxiben, reduced lung fluid filtration after E. coli infusion.

Goats were divided into three groups and given infusions of live Escherichia coli bacteria. Group I received no treatment, group II was treated with indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor), and group III with dazoxiben (a thromboxane synthase inhibitor). Double indicator-dilution extravascular lung water (EVLW) in group I was significantly different from the treated groups. There was an early increase in EVLW in group I and group III but not in group II animals. At 6 h EVLW's in group I, group II, and group III were 100, 45, and 30% above base line, respectively. Lymph flow (QL) and lymph-to-plasma protein ratio (L/P) was not statistically different between groups. Estimated total fluid filtration [QL + d(EVLW)/dt] in group I and III was markedly elevated between 0 and 1.5-2 h after E. coli infusion. Cardiac output (QT) decreased to 40% of base line in group I, and it decreased slightly in group II because of the indomethacin but did not decrease after E. coli. QT decreased in group III but recovered more rapidly than group I. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure increased more rapidly in group I and reached a higher peak than either treated group. At 6 h these groups had similar pulmonary arterial and pulmonary arterial wedge pressures. We conclude that 1) indomethacin but not dazoxiben blocks the early increase in total fluid filtration after bacterial infusion, 2) dazoxiben does not prevent the increased endothelial permeability resulting from infusion of live bacteria, and 3) indomethacin may somewhat ameliorate the endothelial permeability change.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1987

Favourable response to conservative surgery for extra-pancreatic gastrinoma with lymph node metastases.

Five patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome who had extra-pancreatic (duodenal or paraduodenal) gastrinoma with lymph node metastases responded favourably to simple excision or mere shelling out of macroscopic tumour. Acid studies, serum gastrin and the secretin test became normal in all cases in the immediate postoperative period and remained so in three of the five patients when tested at 57, 33 and 8 months. The tests became abnormal in two patients when tested 8 and 53 months after surgery, but both patients are currently well-controlled on ranitidine 150 mg b.d. 22 and 65 months respectively after surgery. These results suggest that in patients with extra-pancreatic gastrinoma who have lymph node metastases simple excision of all macroscopic tumours may offer the prospect of long-term control. The place of total gastrectomy in such patients is questioned.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

EMG investigations in patients with torticollis.

EMGs have been performed on patients suffering from organic torticollis, hysterical torticollis and on normal control subjects. The EMG activity of the sternomastoid muscles during head rotation in control subjects and those with hysterical torticollis showed similar characteristics and neither group showed a response to body tilt. Subjects suffering from organic torticollis, however, did show a response to tilt. The results suggest that the response to backward tilt might aid in distinguishing the organic and hysterical forms of torticollis.

Electromyography↗
PubMed1987

Effects of odorant mixtures on olfactory receptor cells.

The general mechanisms by which chemical stimuli may influence the firing frequency of olfactory neurons were briefly described. They include specific mechanisms mediated by receptor molecules and nonspecific mechanisms involving general properties of the chemicals and of cells. It is difficult to imagine that odorant mixtures influence receptor cells by mechanisms that are fundamentally different from those by which homogeneous chemicals act. It is argued that even under the best experimental conditions the presentation of odorants usually or always involves exposing the receptor cells to more than one additional molecular species compared to the unstimulated condition. This is because odorants invariably have contaminants that may be of potency such that their contribution to the odor is large even though their contribution to the number of molecules in the stimulus stream is small. Furthermore, the partition coefficients of the major and minor components are unlikely to be identical; therefore, their relative concentrations in the aqueous environment of the receptor cells can differ greatly from that in the gas phase. Finally, metabolic transformations of odorants in the olfactory mucosa can result in the exposure of receptor cells to mixtures of odorant and metabolites, with the mixture composition varying with time. Finally, some pitfalls in analyzing the effects of odorant mixtures are discussed. At the very least, it is necessary to determine the relation of concentration to response for each odorant in the mixture in order to interpret results in terms of interactions. Even with such data caution must be used, especially in attaching significance to reductions in the apparent maximal responses to one odorant induced by the presence of the other.

Membrane Potentials↗
PubMed1986

Langerhans' cells, papillomaviruses and oesophageal carcinoma. A hypothesis.

A hypothesis linking the concept of mucosal immune surveillance (Langerhans' cells and intra-epithelial lymphocytes) with recent evidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of the oesophagus in a sequence of events which leads to squamous dysplasia and invasive carcinoma is presented. It is believed that the essential pathway to squamous carcinoma involves an aberration of the Langerhans' cell/lymphocyte network and its symbiotic relationship with squamous cells as a result of persistent HPV infection in the epithelium. Neoplastic transformation may occur when this 'at-risk' mucosa is exposed to one or several co-carcinogenic factors present in the environment. This hypothesis is supported by morphological changes present in acanthotic lesions of the oesophagus and by immunocytochemical evidence of HPV infection of the mucosa. In addition, this viewpoint offers a possible explanation for the regional variation of oesophageal carcinoma, the rising incidence of the disease, and the association with multifocal squamous carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗
PubMed1986

Indomethacin, dazoxiben and extravascular lung water after Escherichia coli infusion.

The effects of selectively inhibiting synthesis of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) with dazoxiben and of all cyclooxygenase products with indomethacin were studied in goats after infusion of 5 X 10(8) live Escherichia coli bacteria/kg. Pulmonary and systemic pressures, cardiac output, and double indicator dilution extravascular lung water (EVLW) were measured at 15-min intervals. EVLW was determined gravimetrically at 6 hr to confirm the final double indicator dilution values. Plasma levels of TXA2 and prostacyclin (PGI2) were measured as their stable metabolites, TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, respectively. Dazoxiben blocked the increase in plasma TXB2, prevented pulmonary hypertension, and attenuated the increase in EVLW after E. coli. Mean gravimetric EVLW was 8.7 ml/kg in the dazoxiben-treated group compared to 11.3 ml/kg in the untreated control group. Indomethacin blocked the increased plasma TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, attenuated pulmonary hypertension, and prevented almost all increases in EVLW. Mean gravimetric EVLW was 8.2 ml/kg after indomethacin. We conclude that in acute bacteremia, the early pulmonary hypertension is mediated largely by TXA2 (however, a second phase of hypertension results from non-cyclooxygenase products), either production of cyclooxygenase products (perhaps PGI2) inhibits part of the action of pulmonary vasoconstrictors, or indomethacin stimulates the production of other vasoconstrictors (such as lipoxygenase products), and indomethacin prevents the accumulation of EVLW by blocking formation of cyclooxygenase products or by other nonspecific actions.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Growth of human B cell colonies from peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Human B cell colonies were grown from peripheral blood of 12 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and from 12 healthy control subjects. The SLE group showed a large increase (p less than 0.001) in the number of colony forming cells (CFC) present in peripheral blood as compared with controls. The CFC were of the pre-B cell type. There was also a loss of OKT8+ cell inhibition of B cell colony growth in the SLE group compared with control subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

In-vitro evaluation of cefpirome (HR 810), teicoplanin and four other antimicrobials against enterococci.

In-vitro activities of cefpirome (HR 810), a fourth generation cephalosporin, and teicoplanin were compared with those of ampicillin, piperacillin, and vancomycin against 56 clinical isolates of enterococci. Cefpirome had good activity with the MIC90 and MBC90 being 4 and 16 mg/l. Ampicillin and piperacillin had MBC90 of 4 and 16 mg/l. Teicoplanin was extremely active with the MIC90 being 1.6 mg/l while vancomycin had poor cidal activity with the MBC90 being 16 mg/l. A decrease in activity of cefpirome was noted when the inoculum size was increased from 10(3) to 10(7) organisms per ml. Synergy was demonstrated against most Streptococcus faecium isolates with a combination of cefpirome and gentamicin or piperacillin. Against Str. faecalis, with a similar combination, synergy was seen in less than 50% isolates. No antagonism was noted with any of the antibiotic combinations.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1985

Plasma cell infiltration of the small bowel: lack of evidence for a non-secretory form of alpha-heavy chain disease.

Eight patients with diffuse plasma cell infiltration of the small bowel who had the clinical features of immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (IPSID), but whose serum was negative for free alpha-heavy chains, were investigated for evidence of a non-secretory form of alpha-chain disease (alpha-CD). Molecular sieving and immunoblotting of serum, immunoperoxidase staining of biopsy specimens, and in vitro protein synthesis studies utilising an immunoprecipitation technique and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, failed to detect any new cases of alpha-CD. Four of the eight cases were found to have diffuse intestinal lymphoma. The remaining four patients, who were unsuccessfully investigated for evidence of a significant abnormality in cellular immunity, have not developed detectable alpha-CD protein or lymphoma over a mean of 143 months. Despite continuing exposure to possible environmental stimuli, it is concluded that not all cases of IPSID elaborate detectable alpha-CD protein or evolve to lymphoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Physical exercise, social background, and the well-being of older adult women.

28 older women participating in an exercise program were compared to 30 older women not participating in an exercise program on two behavioral measures. There were no significant main effects for participation-nonparticipation in an exercise program. Significant main effects were found, however, for each of three social variables.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Tropical island asthma in Hawaii.

To better understand the increased morbidity and mortality of asthma in Hawaii, a profile was established from questionnaires completed by 76 asthmatics in a residential area and by 204 asthmatics attending emergency rooms. The general profile differed from profiles on other islands and mainland USA in that allergens were more important and exercise less. Variations occurred in the profile in association with ethnicity, time in Hawaii, and prescribing habits. The Chinese did not recognize infection as a trigger; the Filipinos had little familial asthma, less pollen sensitivity, and used few steroids; and the Japanese were sensitive to Kona weather but not to pollen. The newcomers (military) who were sensitive to pollen and less to emotion and exercise, rated their attacks more severe and used more nebulizers and steroids. Certain other relationships emerged such as house dust as a trigger and the increased use of steroids. Asthmatics of two civilian ERs used fewer nebulizers and steroids. In conclusion, Hawaii's increased morbidity and mortality of asthma should be examined further in terms of ethnicity, infection, house dust, and prescribing habits.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Plasma cell infiltration of the small intestine, recurrent pulmonary infections, and cellular immunodeficiency (Nezelof's syndrome).

An 18-year follow-up of a young woman who presented at the age of 10 years with a malabsorption syndrome and recurrent chest infections is reported. The serum immunoglobulins, and in particular the IgA, were increased, cell-mediated immunity was impaired but free alpha heavy chains were not detected. A jejunal biopsy showed plasma cell infiltration of the bowel with villous atrophy. Bronchiectasis, recurrent skin infections, and sinusitis were treated with frequent courses of antibiotics and corticosteroids. An initial presumptive diagnosis of cystic fibrosis was excluded by a normal sweat test. Although difficult to classify her exact type of immune deficiency state, the data would appear to conform to the syndrome of cellular immunodeficiency with normal or near normal immunoglobulins and lymphopenia (Nezelof's syndrome).

Adult↗