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Biomedical subjects

S Otsuki

Publications and source records attributed to S Otsuki.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites during alcohol withdrawal syndrome and recovered state.

The aim of the study was to examine changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) monoamine concentrations related to alcohol withdrawal. Lumbar puncture was performed in 8 healthy volunteers (control group) and 36 chronic alcoholic patients following alcohol withdrawal. A second lumbar puncture was performed in 20 of these patients after recovery from the withdrawal. CSF 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured. Alcohol withdrawal phenomena in all patients were classified in the following three groups: (i) major withdrawal syndrome: alcohol-withdrawal delirium, (ii) minor withdrawal syndrome: evident autonomic nervous hyperactivity without hallucination or clouding of consciousness, and (iii) asymptomatic type: a withdrawal period without overt symptoms. MHPG concentration was significantly increased in the major withdrawal syndrome, as compared with other groups, including the controls. No change in MHPG was found in the patients without overt autonomic nervous syndrome. A positive correlation between CSF-MHPG and intensity of withdrawal symptoms (r = 0.60, p less than 0.02) was found. A higher correlation between CSF-MHPG and intensity of autonomic nervous disturbances was also found (r = 0.86, p less than 0.001). CSF-HVA was significantly low during the alcohol delirium. It is suggested that a close relationship may exist between autonomic nervous disturbances and increase in central noradrenergic activity, as well as between the alcohol delirium and decrease in central dopaminergic activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Anticonvulsant effects of TRH analog. 3. Prophylactive effects of DN-1417 on kindling model].

We reported previously that TRH . T and a novel TRH analog, DN-1417 had anticonvulsant effects in kindling cat preparations which had been established as an experimental model of epilepsy. Although acute anticonvulsant effect of DN-1417 was short-lasting without dose-related efficacy, DN-1417 administration resulted a lasting increase in convulsive threshold in some cases. In order to study the effects of DN-1417 on kindling seizure development (prophylactic effect), 10 amygdaloid kindling cats were examined. The animals in the DN-1417 group (N = 4) were treated with the agent (1 mg/kg) prior to each daily kindling stimulation for 35 days (drug sessions). Six cats in control group were kindled without drug treatment. Kindling rates, changes in after-discharge duration, and positivity of transference phenomenon to contralateral amygdala were compared between these two groups. The results obtained were: 1) Positive prophylactic effects on kindling was found in 3 cats of DN-1417 group. In these cats, 19 (7-37) additional daily stimulation to those given during the drug session were required for the kindling. 2) No positive transfer to contralateral amygdala was found in 2 of 3 cats of DN-1417 group. 3) During the drug sessions, self-sustained afterdischarges were fragmented into separated bursts of discharges with short duration in 2 cats of DN-1417 group. These results suggested that DN-1417 may prevent a trans-synaptic change underlying the kindling, which might relate to the long-lasting anticonvulsant effect reported clinically. A possible mechanism underlying the prophylactic effects of DN-1417 was discussed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[A study of incidence and symptoms in 71 patients with cavum septi pellucidi].

Seventy one patients with cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) were found among 2722 patients who had received computerized tomographic scanning. A clinical evaluation of these patients was made to examine incidence, clinical symptoms and neurological signs of CSP. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Incidence of CSP was 2.6% of the patients who visited outpatient clinic of a mental hospital. Sex ratio was M:F 1.9:1.0. 2) Age of onset of chief complaints mainly ranged from 10 to 30 years in male, and 10 to 60 years in female. 3) Complications of epileptic attacks and mental retardation were 22.5% and 9.9% of the patients with CSP, respectively. Frequency of these complications was significantly higher, as compared with the patients without CSP. 4) Chief complaints of the patients with CSP were; headache (43.1%), nausea and/or vomiting (23.8%), epileptic attacks (22.5%), dizziness (19.7%) and emotional instability (19.7%). 5) No neurological signs specific to CSP was found in this study. 6) EEG abnormality was found in 22 of 71 patients with CSP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Acute exacerbation of paranoid psychotic state after long-term abstinence in patients with previous methamphetamine psychosis.

From a population of 111 patients with chronic methamphetamine (MAP) psychosis, who were treated at ten mental hospitals during the past 3 years, 21 patients were selected for study. Sixteen patients who experienced MAP psychosis again used MAP one or more times after long-term abstinence and experienced acute exacerbation of a paranoid psychotic state which was almost identical to the initial psychotic episode. Four of these patients relapsed following a single MAP reuse of an amount less than that initially used, and one relapsed without evidence of MAP reuse. In eight patients, small doses of neuroleptics, e.g., 3 mg per day of haloperidol, prevented the acute provocation of a psychotic state by MPA reuse. Subsequently, three of these relapsed into a psychotic state following MAP reuse without concurrent haloperidol medication. The clinical data were compared with animal experiments which indicate that chronic MAP use can induce a long-term susceptibility to sensitization to MAP. The positive prophylactic effect of small doses of haloperidol on the acute exacerbation may suggest the participation of dopaminergic supersensitivity as a mechanism for the paranoid psychotic state.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Cerebrospinal fluid GABA levels in various neurological and psychiatric diseases.

Cerebrospinal fluid gamma-aminobutyric acid (CSF-GABA) was analysed by radioreceptor assay in 16 normal controls and 84 patients with various neurological and psychiatric diseases. In patients with spinocerebellar degeneration, neuro-Behçet's syndrome and Parkinson's disease, CSF-GABA levels were decreased. On the other hand, increased CSF-GABA levels were detected in patients with meningitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of efficacy of a new butyrophenone derivative, timiperone and perphenazine in schizophrenia by a multicentre controlled study.

The efficacy of timiperone in schizophrenia as compared with perphenazine was assessed in a double-blind fashion in 205 patients throughout a 12-week treatment period. More than half of the subjects were chronic schizophrenics. Global improvement in the timiperone treatment group was superior to that in the perphenazine group in view of a lower rate of aggravation. With regard to overall safety and general usefulness rating, there were no significant differences between the two drug treatments. However, timiperone showed less frequency of excitability, irritability, anxiety and anorexia than perphenazine on occasions during the 12 week treatment period. From these results it may be concluded that the efficacy of timiperone could be superior or equivalent to that of perphenazine which has been confirmed to be of use as an antipsychotic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Antipsychotics and kindling].

In order to study the effects of antipsychotics on kindling process and the epileptic events, pharmacological action of antipsychotics on kindling process and the kindled convulsions, and changes in (3H)-spiperon binding following kindling were studied in this study. Following results were obtained: 1) Treatment with antipsychotics involving pimozide (0.4 mg/kg), haloperidol (0.4 mg/kg) and spiperone (0.5 mg/kg) facilitated the development of amygdaloid kindling. The number of daily stimulation required to induce the first generalized convulsion was: haloperidol group, 9.7; pimozide group, 11.5; spiperone group, 15.3 and the control group, 20.2. 2) While spiperone had weaker effect on kindling seizure development, it lowered the threshold stimulus intensity for inducing afterdischarge in the amygdaloid kindled seizure. The effect of spiperone to increase seizure susceptibility was dose dependent. In the temporal cortical kindled seizure, however, spiperone has no effect on the threshold intensity necessary to induce afterdischarge. 3) No change was found in (3H)-spiperone binding in the striatum, hippocampus and frontal cortex at one week after the final generalized convulsion, immediately after ceasing kindled generalized convulsion, there was no change in the (3H)-spiperone binding of the frontal cortex. It was suggested that antipsychotics facilitate the kindling seizure development and increase the amygdaloid kindled seizure susceptibility. The negative results in (3H)-spiperone binding suggest that changes in the serotonergic receptor in the frontal cortex and D2 receptor in the striatum does not participate the kindled seizure susceptibility.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1982

Cerebrospinal fluid gamma-aminobutyric acid and homovanillic acid in depressive disorders.

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) levels were determined in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of hospitalized patients suffering from depression and in a control group. Both mean CSF GABA and HVA levels in the patients with depression were significantly lower than those of the control group (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.01, respectively). No positive correlation was found between the changes in CSF GABA and HVA levels in the patients with depression. The Hamilton Rating score in these depressed patients, age, and sex showed no correlation to CSF GABA levels. It is suggested that decreased activity in the central GABAergic and dopaminergic system may be involved in the pathogenesis of depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Effects of callosal bi-section on temporal cortical seizure and postictal refractory period in kindled cats].

Effects of midline bi-section including corpus callosum and hippocampal commissure on the kindled generalized convulsion and postictal refractory period (PRP) were examined in temporal cortical kindled cats. Time latency for re-appearance of generalized convulsion after the initial generalized convulsion was designated as a PRP arbitrarily in this experiment. Six repeated electrical stimulation at afterdischarge threshold intensity with one hour interval was performed, and EEG was recorded during PRP test session. Following results were obtained: 1) Kindled generalized convulsion in the split brain cats was characterized by asymmetrical or hemi-convulsion with lateralized afterdischarge in the stimulated hemisphere, 2) EEG silence and monorhythmic 2.5-3 cps high voltage slow activity in the split brain cats did not differ, rather prolonged than the control group in duration, but such postictal EEG changes were lateralized only in the stimulated hemisphere. Behavioral suppression was reduced markedly by midline bi-section, as compared with intact control, 3) In the PRP session of the split brain cats, the initially induced hemi-convulsion appeared with lateralized active afterdischarge lasting for 76.8 sec in the stimulated hemisphere. It was followed by the postictal EEG change as mentioned above in the stimulated hemisphere. In spite of such full-blown ictal events in the stimulated hemisphere, PRP was shorter (within 2 hrs) in the split brain cats than the control cats (more than 4 hrs). It is concluded that midline bi-section including corpus callosum and hippocampal commissure not only modify the pattern and duration of kindled generalized convulsion, but markedly reduce a seizure intensity reflected by shortening of postictal behavioral suppression and PRP.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Lasting changes in high affinity 3H-spiperone binding to the rat striatum and mesolimbic area after chronic methamphetamine administration: evaluation of dopaminergic and serotonergic receptor components.

The presence of high and low affinity 3H-spiperone binding sites was demonstrated in both the rat striatum and mesolimbic area. Dopaminergic receptor component was displaced by 10 microM 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (ADTN), and serotonergic receptor component by 0.2 microM mianserin. Dopaminergic receptor component was saturated at less than the range of ligand concentrations labeling the high-affinity binding sites. Treatment with 4 mg/kg of methamphetamine (MAP) for 14 days, followed by a 7-day drug-free period, resulted in significant changes in the maximal number of binding sites (Bmax) at the high-affinity sites (an increase in the mesolimbic area and a decrease in the striatum), but no significant changes in Bmax at the low affinity sites. The long-lasting increase in mesolimbic Bmax at the high-affinity 3H-spiperone binding site may be an underlying basis for MAP-induced behavioral hypersensitivity (reverse tolerance).

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Increased 3H-spiperone binding sites in mesolimbic area related to methamphetamine-induced behavioral hypersensitivity.

The specific 3H-spiperone binding to membrane homogenates of the striatum, mesolimbic area, and frontal cortex was examined in two groups of rats pretreated once daily with saline or 4 mg/kg of methamphetamine (MAP) for 14 days. At 7 days following cessation of chronic pretreatment, all rats received an injection of 4 mg/kg of MAP and were decapitated 1 hr after the injection. In the chronic saline-pretreatment group, the single administration of MAP induced significant changes in the number (Bmax) of specific 3H-spiperone binding sites (a decrease in the striatum and an increase in the mesolimbic area and frontal cortex), but no significant changes in the affinity (KD) in any brain area. The chronic MAP pretreatment markedly augmented the changes in Bmax in the striatum and mesolimbic area. The increase in specific 3H-spiperone binding sites in the mesolimbic area is discussed in relation to MAP-induced behavioral hypersensitivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

A preliminary double-blind study on the efficacy of carbamazepine in prophylaxis of manic-depressive illness.

A preliminary double-blind controlled study on the prophylactic effect of carbamazepine on recurrent manic-depressive psychotics was conducted with 22 patients using an inert placebo in ten subjects as a control drug. Carbamazepine in the dosage of 200-600 mg was administered for 1 year. Among the 22 carbamazepine subjects, carbamazepine was found to be effective in 60% of the cases and inert placebo in 22.2% (U-test, P less than 0.10). It is suggested that carbamazepine is a useful drug for the prophylaxis of manic-depressive illness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

A survey of impatient alcoholics in Okayama and Kochi Prefectures.

A survey of inpatient alcoholics was conducted in Okayama and Kochi prefectures in 1977 and 1979. The total number of inpatient alcoholics was 230 in Okayama and 401 in Kochi, Corresponding to 5.5% and 10.7% of the total number of inpatients in psychiatric hospitals, respectively. The percentage of female alcoholics was 6.6% in Okayama and 6.5% in Kochi. By age distribution, the percentage of elderly alcoholics was high, but young alcoholics in their 20s were extremely few. As for the marital state, the spouseless situation showed a high percentage. Regarding the defrayment of medical expenses, half of the patients were on relief. Alcoholics staying in hospital for a year or longer accounted for nearly one-half of the cases. Classification of the subtypes of alcoholism revealed that the problem drinking group accounted for the majority with over 60%, indicating that many cases of social problems were brought to the hospital.

Adult↗