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Biomedical subjects

S Otsuki

Publications and source records attributed to S Otsuki.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[An autopsy case of dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy showing marked atrophy of the brain stem].

An autopsy case of a 66 year-old woman is reported. She developed personality change and psychotic symptoms at the age of 58. She began to show gait disturbance and forgetfullness at the age of 60. She was admitted to Okayama University Hospital at the age of 61, when she showed personality change, dementia, cerebellar sings and chorea like involuntary movement. The illness progressed slowly and she died of septicemia at the age of 66. At autopsy brain weighed 990 g. Macroscopically, the atrophy of the brain stem was severe, and the cerebellum was slightly atrophic. Microscopically, the globus pallidus was almost intact, but the degeneration involved dentate nuclei, their projections, red nucleus and the subthalamic nuclei, so this case was considered to be a case of pseudo-Huntington form of dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy, proposed by Hirayama. The most striking feature of this case was marked atrophy of the brain stem and her intense familial history. Investigation of her familial history revealed that there were 18 affected cases in 5 successive generations. Their onset of the disease varied from the age of 10 to 60 years old. Cases of juvenile onset showed myoclonus and convulsion as the initial symptoms, and convulsion as the initial symptoms, and those of presenile onset showed dementia, cerebellar ataxia and chorea like involuntary movement. And in some of these cases it was proved by NMR-CT that their brain stem were small. We discussed the meaning of the atrophy of the brain stem in these cases and the difference of the symptoms between the cases of juvenile onset and the cases of presenile onset.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

[An autopsy case of multiple system atrophy with many Lewy bodies--striatonigral degeneration, olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy and autonomic nerve nucleus involvement in the spinal cord].

A 72 years old man developed slowness of the motion and orthostatic hypotension at the age of 69. Neurological examination showed slight finger tremor, rigidity of extremities, bradykinesia, and marked orthostatic hypotension. The illness progressed steadily and the patient died of pneumonia. At autopsy brain weighed 1220 g. Grossly the putamen was bilaterally shrunken, the color of the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus became pale. Base of the pons and the cerebellum were atrophic. Microscopically the most remarkable change was seen in the striato-nigral system. In the putamen, there were severe loss of small neurons and intense gliosis and brownish pigments were observed in the neuropil and within some of the astrocytes. There found neuronal loss and gliosis in the substantia nigra. A few Lewy bodies were seen in the substantia nigra. In the cerebellum there were slight loss of Purkinje cell and many torpedos were seen. There were demyelination and fibrirally gliosis in the cerebellar white matter except the hilus of dentate nucleus. The transverse pontocerebellar fibers were degenerated and fibrirally gliosis was seen there. The inferior olivary nuclei showed neuronal loss and astrocytosis. But the degeneration of the olivo-ponto-cerebellar system in this case was not so severe as the typical case of OPCA. In the spinal cord there was depletion of nerve cells in the intermediolateral nuclei and Onufrowitz nuclei. Slight neuronal loss and many spheroids were observed in the anterior horns and there was demyelination in the corticospinal tracts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Interaction of carbamazepine and other drugs with adenosine (A1 and A2) receptors.

The tricyclic anticonvulsant carbamazepine (CBZ) is effective in pain and affective disorder, but the mechanism of action for this drug has not been defined. Recently it was reported that CBZ had interaction with adenosine receptor, which is related to the inhibition of release of neurotransmitter. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro effects of CBZ and other drugs upon adenosine receptor binding using 3H-L-phenylisopropyladenosine (A1) and 3H-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (A2). The following results were obtained: CBZ and its derivative oxcarbazepine inhibit 3H-PIA binding at therapeutic plasma level (20-30 microM) more than they inhibit 3H-NECA binding; Theophylline and caffeine, methylxanthines, which are adenosine antagonists, inhibit both bindings; Other anticonvulsants such as phenobarbital, phenytoin and valproate and still other psychotropic drugs such as diazepam, imipramine and chlorpromazine have little or no effect on both bindings. These findings suggest that anticonvulsive and sedative effects of CBZ and its derivatives appear due to action on adenosine receptors (A1 and partially A2) at the therapeutic level and methylxanthines have stimulant and convulsant effects due to occupation on both A1 and A2 adenosine receptors.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1986

Dexamethasone suppression test and noradrenergic function in affective and schizophrenic disorders.

The relationship between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function and the noradrenergic system was examined in patients with affective and with schizophrenic disorders. In response to the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST), serum cortisol, plasma catecholamine levels, and serum creatine kinase (CK) activity were measured. Among patients with major depression, those with higher post-DST cortisol levels had higher plasma catecholamine levels and lower serum CK activity. Among acute schizophrenic patients, those with higher serum CK activity had higher baseline and post-DST cortisol levels. These results indicate that in both major depression and in acute schizophrenia, there is a dysfunction of the HPA axis and the noradrenergic system, but the noradrenergic dysfunctions are different in the two disorders.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Effects of intermittent and continuous haloperidol administration on the dopaminergic system in the rat brain.

The after-effect of intermittent and of continuous treatment with haloperidol on the dopaminergic system of the rat brain was studied. Each rat was treated for 14 days with either a single daily intraperitoneal injection of haloperidol (intermittent haloperidol group) or with a subcutaneously implanted pump that released haloperidol for 14 days (continuous haloperidol group). The total amount of haloperidol administered was 28 mg/kg in each animal of both groups. On the seventh day after cessation of injections or removal of pumps, the changes in dopamine (DA) metabolism after a challenge dose of haloperidol (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) were noted, and the number of [3H]spiperone binding sites in the striatum were recorded. The continuous haloperidol group showed a greater tolerance response to the influence of haloperidol on stimulation of DA turnover and also showed a larger increase in the number of [3H]spiperone binding sites than the intermittent haloperidol group. It is concluded that continuously administered haloperidol exerts a stronger effect on DA transmission, which in turn produces a greater tolerance to an acute dose of haloperidol than intermittent haloperidol administration.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1986

Reduced apomorphine sensitivity of dopamine metabolism in rat striatum after repeated administration of methamphetamine.

Rats received daily injections of saline or methamphetamine (MAP; 4 mg/kg/day) for 14 days. Seven days after the completion of this regime, dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels were measured in the striatum following intraperitoneal injections of either saline plus gamma-butyrolactone (GBL; 750 mg/kg) or apomorphine (2 mg/kg) plus GBL. The saline plus GBL challenges produced no difference in the DA or DOPAC levels between saline- and MAP-treated rats. By contrast, the apomorphine plus GBL challenges produced higher DOPAC levels in MAP-treated rats than saline-treated rats, although they produced no difference in the DA levels between the two groups. These results indicate that apomorphine depresses the striatal DA metabolism less in MAP-treated rats than in saline-treated control rats. Repeated MAP administration might produce this effect through apomorphine subsensitivity of presynaptic DA autoreceptors.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1986

Morphological changes in rat striatal boutons after chronic methamphetamine and haloperidol treatment.

Dopaminergic (DA) synaptic boutons were identified in rat striatum with an electron microscopic histochemical method. In rats which developed behavioral hypersensitivity after treatment with methamphetamine (MAP) for about 2 weeks, significantly fewer DA boutons were found. This effect was specific to DA boutons without mitochondria and was not seen in boutons with mitochondria. The density of granular synaptic vesicles in DA boutons, however, did not change significantly. These morphological changes would represent a high capability of nerve cells to reorganize synaptic connections under altered chemical environments, but they could not be related uniquely to behavioral hypersensitivity, as similar effects were observed in rats treated with haloperidol which did not develop behavioral hypersensitivity. Peculiarly, the effects of MAP treatment on both behavior and DA boutons were prevented by combined administration of haloperidol.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Behavioral hypersensitivity to apomorphine after chronic methamphetamine--intermittent vs. continuous regimen.

The effects of chronic methamphetamine (MAP) on the behavioral response to apomorphine were examined in rats, treated with saline (control) or MAP for 14 days either intermittently (4 mg/kg/day, once daily) or continuously (subcutaneously implanted osmotic pumps releasing 56 mg/kg/14 days). Following a 7-day interval after discontinuing the MAP treatment, a challenge dose (0.5 mg/kg) of apomorphine was administered. The rats treated with MAP intermittently showed a marked augmentation in behavioral response to apomorphine than the continuous MAP group and control. It is presumed that the intermittent MAP administration may produce greater reactivity in the brain dopaminergic systems than the continuous administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The changes of serotonin (5HT-1, 5HT-1A, 5HT-1B, 5HT-2) receptor densities in rat brain following chronic zotepine treatment.

The changes of serotonin (5HT-1, 5HT-1A, 5HT-1B and 5HT-2) receptor densities following a chronic zotepine (ZTP) alone or combined lithium (Li)-ZTP treatment were investigated in several regions of the rat brain. As a result, the densities of the 5HT-2 receptors in the frontal cortex (FC) decreased remarkably and those of the 5HT-1 and 5HT-1A receptors in the striatum (ST) increased in the ZTP alone group and the combined Li-ZTP group compared with the saline group. None of the serotonin receptors changed in the hippocampus (HIP). Judging from these findings, we suppose that the decreases of the 5HT-2 receptors in FC may have been induced not only by the chronic antidepressant treatment, but also by the other chronic 5HT-2 antagonist (ZTP, chlorpromazine, etc.) treatment. In addition, the increases of the 5HT-1 and 5HT-1A receptors in ST may not have been associated with ZTP's clinically potent antimanic effect because of a lack of Li's enhancement in the changes of the 5HT-1 and 5HT-1A receptors in contrast to its clinical effect and a lack of the changes in the 5HT-1B receptors where ZTP may have acted potently in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effects of intermittent and continuous haloperidol administration on the dopaminergic system in the rat brain.

The effects of intermittent and continuous treatment with haloperidol (HPD) on dopamine turnover in the rat brain were studied. Each rat was treated with HPD for 14 days by either once daily intraperitoneal injections (2 mg/kg/day) (intermittent HPD group) or continuous infusion by a subcutaneously implanted pump which was adjusted to release 28 mg/kg of HPD over 14 days (continuous HPD group). Seven days after cessation of injections or removal of the pump, the regional changes in DA turnover following an acute dose of HPD (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) were examined. The continuous HPD group showed more prominent tolerance to HPD effect of augmenting DA turnover than the intermittent HPD group. It is presumed that continuously administered HPD produces greater tolerance to the acute effect of HPD than intermittently administered HPD.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Antimanic effect of zotepine.

The antimanic effect of zotepine was investigated in 16 patients with manic-depressive psychosis or manic schizoaffective psychosis. Zotepine markedly improved manic symptoms in 75% and afforded at least slight improvement in all patients studied. However, in 50%, zotepine caused conversion from mania to depression. The most frequent side effects were dysarthria in 50%, parkinsonian symptoms in 33%, dry mouth in 28%, and sleepiness in 28%. EEG abnormalities were noted in 22% of patients. The antimanic effect of zotepine was enhanced by lithium carbonate; however, concomitant use of zotepine and lithium possibly increased the incidence of EEG abnormalities. The conversion-to-depression effect of zotepine was not inhibited by lithium. Overall, the concomitant use of zotepine and lithium may be important in the treatment of manic psychoses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of haloperidol decanoate on the dopaminergic system in the rat brain].

The effect of haloperidol decanoate and haloperidol on the dopaminergic system in the rat brain was studied. Each rat was treated with either once daily ip injection of haloperidol (5 mg/kg) for 4 weeks or a single sc injection of haloperidol decanoate followed by once daily ip injection of saline for 4 weeks. Three weeks after cessations of injections, the levels of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), were determined in the striatum, limbic area and frontal cortex 4 hours after a single ip injection of haloperidol (1 mg/kg). The haloperidol decanoate-treated rats showed lower levels of DOPAC and/or HVA than the rats of the other two groups. The DA level was higher only in the limbic area of the rats treated with haloperidol decanoate than that of the rats treated with saline. There was no difference of the levels of DA and its metabolites between the saline and haloperidol-treated rats. These results indicate that the haloperidol decanoate-treated rats developed a tolerance to an acute effect of haloperidol on stimulation of DA turnover in the three areas examined, while the haloperidol-treated rats developed no tolerance under these experimental conditions. A single sc injection of haloperidol decanoate to rat is expected to produce a long lasting blocking of the central DAergic system for at least 7 weeks. Such a property of this drug appears favourable for the maintenance therapy of schizophrenia.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

GABA levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with epilepsy.

The lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels were measured in 27 patients with epilepsy, another three epileptic patients with status epilepticus and three epileptic patients with chronic cerebellar ataxia. The mean lumbar CSF GABA levels of the 27 patients with epilepsy were not significantly different from those of normal controls. Six of these 27 patients who had daily partial complex and partial motor seizures showed significantly low CSF GABA levels as did the six other patients, three each with status epilepticus and chronic cerebellar ataxia. These findings suggest that some epileptic patients have impaired brain GABAergic neurons.

Adult↗