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Biomedical subjects

S Onodera

Publications and source records attributed to S Onodera.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Chemical changes of organic compounds in chlorinated water. XIV. Characterization and determination of halogenated organics formed during chlorination of water from the Tama River.

Water samples collected from the Tama River were treated with chlorine under the conditions utilized for water renovation, in order to characterize and determine the halogenated organics formed in this reaction. It was found that the concentrations and compositions of organic halogens in chlorinated river water are strongly dependent on the sampling points. Chlorinated river-water showed total trihalomethane (THM) levels ranging from 26 to 96 micrograms/l. Higher concentrations of THMs and a high ratio of brominated THMs to total THMs were found on chlorination of water samples taken from the midstream of the Tama River, as compared with those observed from the upstream. The range of non-purgeable (NPOX) and n-hexane-extractable organic halogen (EOX) levels in the chlorinated river-water was from 146 to 417 microgram/l and from 15 to 105 micrograms/l, respectively. Gas chromatographic analyses of n-hexane extracts demonstrated that chlorine treatment of river-water not only produces, in addition to THMs, new lower-molecular-weight and chromatographiable organic halogen compounds (COX), but also decomposes the original halogenated organics present. The amounts of THMs, COX, EOX and NPOX in chlorine-treated river-water were found to be dependent on the pH of the solutions.

Chlorine↗
PubMed1987

Chemical changes of organic compounds in chlorinated water. XIII. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric studies of the reactions of Irgasan DP 300 [5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol] with chlorine in dilute aqueous solution.

The reactions of Irgasan DP 300 with chlorine in water were investigated by means of gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry. Irgasan DP 300 was shown to produce dichloro- and trichloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenols in chlorine-treated water, followed by the decomposition of these intermediates to chlorophenols. No polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins were detected in chlorine-treated Irgasan DP 300 solutions. The production of some of these compounds is dependent on the number of equivalents of chlorine per mol of compound and on the reaction pH.

Carbanilides↗
PubMed1987

Characterization and determination of lipophilic hydrocarbons in the Chao Phraya, Bang Pakong and Tha-Chin rivers and the Upper Gulf of Thailand.

Carbon tetrachloride extracts of water samples collected from the Chao Phraya, Bang Pakong and Tha-Chin rivers and the Upper Gulf of Thailand in the rainy season (1983) and dry season (1984) were studied in order to characterize and determine the lipophilic hydrocarbons. The major lipophilic organic compounds present were n-alkanes (C17-C33), dibutyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. However, polyaromatic hydrocarbons were hardly detectable level (0.1 microgram/l by high-performance liquid chromatography). The concentrations of these lipophilic hydrocarbons were correlated with the effective rainfall content of the river. These data suggest a multiplicity of sources ranging from indigenous biological materials to petroleum activities.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1987

Projections of extraocular muscle primary afferent neurons to the trigeminal sensory complex in the cat as studied with the transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase.

The central projections of extraocular muscle primary afferent neurons were examined in the cat by means of transganglionic axonal transport of wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). Injections of the extraocular muscle with WGA-HRP resulted in transganglionic terminal labeling within the ipsilateral trigeminal sensory complex. Although the density of trigeminal projections varied among cases, labeled axons and terminals were heavily and consistently found within the rostroventral portion of the pars oralis of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. The caudal part of the trigeminal principal sensory nucleus occasionally contained moderate labeling but very few deposits of HRP reaction product were noted in the pars interporalis and pars caudalis of the spinal trigeminal nucleus.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A novel method for obtaining poliovirus 14 S pentamers from procapsids and their self-assembly into virus-like shells.

Poliovirus procapsids, isolated and partially purified from infected HeLa cells, were found to dissociate into 14 S pentamers following freezing at -20 degrees overnight. Unlike pentameric subunits isolated directly from virus-infected cells or those obtained by alkaline treatment of procapsids, the "freeze-dissociated" subunits self-assembled at room temperature into two kinds of empty capsids, one of which was similar to the shell of poliovirions as shown by its neutral pl, resistance to alkaline dissociation, and the presence of neutralization-related (N) epitopes. The other empty shell resembled that which was previously described as a self-assembled empty capsid (SAEC), as indicated by its acidic pl and absence of N antigenic determinants. At 37 degrees, the assembly reaction was significantly faster but only SAEC were formed. By following the assembly reaction by electron microscopy, intermediate structures were visualized; their relatively low amount at any given time was consistent with the previous hypothesis (J.R. Putnak and B.A. Phillips (1981), J. Virol. 40, 173-183) that initiation is the rate-limiting step in the morphogenesis of empty shells. The relevance of these findings to the morphogenesis of picornaviruses, and polioviruses in particular, is discussed.

Capsid↗
PubMed1987

Restoration of lipopolysaccharide-mediated cytotoxic macrophage induction in C3H/HeJ mice by interferon-gamma or a calcium ionophore.

Proteose peptone-induced peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEM) from C3H/HeJ mice do not respond to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro in terms of activation for tumor cytotoxicity. This unresponsiveness of PEM was overcome by addition of culture supernatant of normal mouse spleen cells stimulated with insoluble concanavalin A. The supernatant component responsible for the restoration of PEM sensitivity to LPS was indicated to be interferon (IFN)-gamma, because pretreatment of the supernatant with anti-mouse IFN-gamma antiserum, but not with anti-IFN-(alpha + beta) antiserum, abolished the supernatant activity and because recombinant murine IFN-gamma (rIFN-gamma) could replace the supernatant effect. Not only the LPS activation of tumor cytotoxicity of PEM but also the sensitivity of PEM to the lethal toxicity of LPS was restored by rIFN-gamma. IFN-gamma action in restoring the LPS responsiveness of PEM was mimicked by a calcium ionophore, A23187, but not by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. These results suggest that IFN-gamma can restore LPS responsiveness of PEM from C3H/HeJ mice and that elevation of the intracellular calcium level is involved in the action of IFN-gamma.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Inhibition of ischemia-induced subcellular redistribution of lysosomal enzymes in the perfused rat heart by the calcium entry blocker, diltiazem.

Effect of diltiazem on subcellular distribution of lysosomal enzymes, high-energy phosphate metabolism and mechanical function in the ischemic heart was studied. Ischemia was induced by lowering the afterload pressure of the perfused working rat heart. The activities of cathepsin D, beta,N-acetylglucosaminidase and acid phosphatase were determined in the nonsedimentable and sedimentable fractions after centrifugation of the tissue extract to assess the subcellular distribution of lysosomal enzymes. After ischemia, decreases in the mechanical function and the tissue level of high-energy phosphates were observed. In addition, ischemia caused subcellular redistribution of lysosomal enzymes from the lysosomes to the cytoplasm. Reperfusion of the ischemic heart did not restore the mechanical function and the level of high-energy phosphates completely. Diltiazem (2.21 X 10(-6), 1.11 X 10(-5) and 2.21 X 10(-5) M) was provided for the heart 5 min before the onset of ischemia. Diltiazem preserved high-energy phosphates in the ischemic heart, and inhibited the subcellular redistribution of lysosomal enzymes being caused by ischemia, depending on its concentration. Reperfusion after ischemia with diltiazem recovered the mechanical function that had been decreased by ischemia. These results may indicate that diltiazem can protect the myocardium against ischemic damage.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1986

Chemical changes of organic compounds in chlorinated water. XI. Thin-layer chromatographic fractionation of Ames mutagenic compounds in chlorine-treated 4-methylphenol solution.

The diethyl ether extract from an aqueous solution of 4-methylphenol after treatment with hypochlorite was mutagenic to the Ames Salmonella test strain TA100 in the absence of liver homogenate. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed the occurrence of, at least, twenty compounds in the extract: chloro-4-methylphenols, chlorohydroxy-4-methylquinones and chlorinated 4-methylphenol dimers. The diethyl ether extract was fractionated into several fractions by silica gel and polyamide thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The fractionated components were then examined for mutagenicity by means of Ames assays, and were identified by GC-MS. TLC fractionation of the extract revealed that the major components present in the extract are not mutagenic, but minor components (less than 4% of the total extract) are mutagenic. GC-MS analysis indicated the presence of chlorinated 4-methylphenol dimers in the fraction which exhibited the highest mutagenicity.

Chlorine↗