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Biomedical subjects

S Ohshima

Publications and source records attributed to S Ohshima.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Effect of diltiazem hydrochloride in essential hypertension.

A number of studies have shown short term hemodynamic and symptomatic improvement in patients with essential hypertension under treatment with diltiazem. The long-term efficacy of the oral calcium antagonist, diltiazem, remain to be established in patient studies. We evaluated this drug in 70 patients with WHO classification 1-3 hypertension. Diltiazem was tested alone in 25 patients, in combination with diuretics in 14 patients and other drugs in 31 patients with essential hypertension. The fall in blood pressure after oral diltiazem was maximum with 24 weeks and then the fall continued steadily with significant improvement as judged by subjective patients impression in each group. The efficacy ratio of diltiazem was 57.1% in remarkably effective cases, 22.9% in effective, 10% in moderately effective and 10% in not effective cases. And this efficacy ratio was most prominent in other drugs concomitant group, followed by the diltiazem monotherapy group and in the diuretic concomitant use group. We concluded the oral calcium antagonist, diltiazem, is effective in patients with essential hypertension, providing significant blood pressure and symptomatic benefit with long-term treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Left ventricular diverticulum: a report of two cases].

Left ventricular diverticulum is a rare congenital cardiac malformation, and is classified as muscular and fibrous. Muscular diverticula are usually associated with thoracoabdominal defects and arise from the cardiac apex. We encountered two cases of muscular left ventricular diverticulum without other congenital anomalies during the review of 3,000 left ventriculograms. Both patients were men and their diverticula were located along the inferior left ventricular wall. No symptoms were associated with the diverticula. In both cases, two-dimensional echocardiography detected the diverticula, thus this is regarded as a useful method for the diagnosis and screening of this anomaly. In one of our cases, thallium myocardial imaging also demonstrated a characteristic abnormal bulge corresponding to the diverticulum. We subsequently detected two more cases of muscular left ventricular diverticula among 300 left ventriculograms. Thus, we detected four cases of left ventricular diverticula among 3,300 left ventriculograms. Although only 11 cases of muscular left ventricular diverticulum previously have been reported, this anomaly is not so rare as previously supposed, and it should be distinguished from left ventricular aneurysm.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[The residual calculi in conservative operation for renal calculi].

One hundred and three kidneys with calculi in 100 patients, were treated by conservative renal surgery from Jan., 1980 to Dec., 1982. The operative technique consisted of pyelolithotomy, extended pyelolithotomy, dismembered pyelolithotomy, nephrolithotomy (bivalve or anatrophic nephrolithotomy) partial nephrectomy and pyelo-nephrolithotomy. Intraoperative X-ray and coagulum lithotomy were employed when pyelolithotomy was performed. Thirty-five residual calculi in 20 kidneys were observed on postoperative X-ray film. The rate of residual calculi was 19.4%. Factors causing residual calculi, were analysed on these 103 kidneys. The factors were as follows; the shape of calculi: staghorn calculus with multiple small calculi, the shape of the renal collecting system: narrow pelvis with narrow caliceal neck and dilatated calices, and the operative technique: nephrolithotomy. These results suggested that it would be necessary to minimize residual calculi when performing nephrolithotomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Surgical removal of the staghorn calculi in the solitary kidney patients].

Seven patients undergoing surgical removal of extensive renal calculi involving a solitary kidney are reviewed. Problems arising from the surgery for the extensive renal calculi in a solitary kidney patient are demonstrated and indication of the surgery is also discussed. From January, 1978 to July, 1984, extensive renal calculi were removed in 7 solitary kidney patients. The operative technique for removing calculi consisted of anatrophic nephrolithotomy (in 2 patients) and ex vivo surgery (in 5 patients). There were 2 operative deaths and 2 major complications. Calculi were completely removed in 6 and 1 patient undergoing anatrophic nephrolithotomy, had a 3 X 4 mm residual calculus. The postoperative serum creatinine was improved in 5 patients. These major complications were observed in the patients who had severe renal dysfunction during the early postoperative period. It was indicated that good renal function should be maintained even during the early postoperative period in the surgery on a solitary kidney patient. Investigating injury to the operated kidney, the early postoperative serum creatinine level was analysed in these 7 patients and 3 patients undergoing ex vivo surgery for removal of aneurysm in a solitary kidney. The results indicated that nephrotomy was the most extensive damage to the kidney. However, pyelotomy and cold ischemia during ex vivo surgery, are not always harmful. In performing surgery for extensive renal calculous disease involving a solitary kidney, we should choose pyelotomy rather than nephrotomy in in situ operation. Ex vivo surgery can provide an effective treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Concentrations of cefotiam and cefmenoxime in the human bone marrow blood and osseous tissue].

Prophylactic antimicrobial therapy for the prevention of infection during total joint arthroplasty or spinal surgery was investigated using cefotiam (CTM) and cefmenoxime (CMX), which are cephems having broad antimicrobial spectrum. Seven patients received 2 g of CTM, and 12 patients 2 g of CMX, by intravenous drip infusion over 15 minutes. Blood, bone marrow and osseous tissue samples were obtained at the end of the infusion, and 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the beginning of the infusion. The concentrations of CTM and CMX were detected by the agar-well method. CTM and CMX were smoothly distributed from blood to bone marrow and osseous tissue, and kept on the effective concentrations for prophylaxis against postoperative infections. The primary wound healing was obtained in all cases, and no side effects were also recognized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Renal autotransplantation and ex vivo surgery in renal calculus disease].

Renal autotransplantation and ex vivo surgery in renal calculus disease are reviewed and their indications were discussed. In recent years, renal autotransplantation and ex vivo surgery have been applied in the management of renal calculus diseases. This technique has been believed to be a complete method for removing extensive renal calculi. However, this technique has some disadvantages such as technical difficulties and serious complications. Therefore, this technique should be indicated for cases carefully selected. At present, indications of this technique in the management of renal calculus disease are as follows; multiple or complicated calculi contained in a solitary kidney with narrow infundibla and dilated calices or in the kidney with history of previous surgery for calculus disease. This technique might not be chosen in those cases with perihilar inflammation, uncontrollable infection in the kidney or extensively damaged kidney (S-Cr 2.5 mg/dl, especially in solitary kidney).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Subacute toxicity of an amine-curing agent for epoxy resin].

Amine-curing agent for epoxy resin, bis(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methane, has been suspected of inducing toxic symptoms in man which resemble collagen disease such as scleroderma or polymyositis. We studied subacute toxicity of this agent by repeated oral administrations to rats. The agent was administered 25, 37.5, 50, 75 or 100 mg/kg per one dose, 8 times in 10 days or 17 times in 4 weeks or 20-22 times in 4 weeks. When administration had been completed, clinical biochemical tests and histopathological examinations were carried out. Animals of high dosage group showed suppression of body weight increase and loss of muscular strength of limbs in the administration period. By clinical biochemical tests, elevation of blood components from muscle (CPK, GOT, creatine) was noticed. Also, increase of monoamine oxidase and decrease of alkaline phosphatase were revealed. By histological examinations, skeletal muscle and choroid plexus of brain showed noticeable changes. In muscles of high dosage group, atrophy, degeneration and regeneration of muscle fibers were observed and an increase of fibroblasts was also seen. In choroid plexus, vacuolar changes in epithelial cells were observed, being clearly dose-dependent. No particular change was recognized in skin. Though scleroderma-like change was not observed in the skin histologically, our results suggest that this amine-curing agent was greatly associated with muscle symptoms in the workers who handled epoxy resin and that it was one of causative agents which induced toxic symptoms like those of collagen disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The effect of a microfilament-disrupting drug, cytochalasin B, on 6-hourly and daily eruption rates of the rat mandibular incisor.

The drug did not affect 6-hourly and daily eruption rates of the unimpeded mandibular incisor of the rat. It is suggested that the tooth eruption is not inhibited by the disruption of microfilaments because the disruption was not associated with the motility of the cells and/or that the motility of the cells is not associated with the motive force of tooth eruption. Further studies may be necessary to confirm that the effects of cytochalasin B are on both microfilaments and motility of the periodontal fibroblasts.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of asparagine derivatives of aminobenzylpenicillin.

In order to improve the antibacterial activity of aminobenzylpenicillin, penicillin derivatives having an asparagine moiety in the 6-acyl side chain (11a approximately g, 12a, b, f, g) were synthesized. The structure-activity relationship of new penicillins, N4-alkyl-asparaginylaminobenzylpenicillins, was investigated. N4-Methyl-D-asparaginylamoxicillin (11a), TA-058, was found to possess a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In acute toxicity, TA-058 showed good tolerance in mice (LD50 greater than 10 g/kg, i.v.).

Amoxicillin↗